urban water
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Department of Hydro Sciences, Institute for Urban Water Management. Global water aspects Introduction to urban water management Basics for systems description Water transport Matter transport Introduction to water supply Water extraction Water purification Water distribution - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Urban Water
Department of Hydro Sciences, Institute for Urban Water Management
Peter Krebs Dresden, 2010
1 Global water aspects
2 Introduction to urban water management
3 Basics for systems description
4 Water transport
5 Matter transport
6 Introduction to water supply
7 Water extraction
8 Water purification
9 Water distribution
10 Introduction to wastewater disposal
11 Urban drainage
12 Wastewater treatment
13 Sludge treatment
Urban Water Chapter 5 Introduction to water supply © PK, 2010 – page 2
5 Introduction to water supply
5.1 Goals of water supply
5.2 Overview over water supply system
5.3 Water need
Department of Hydro Sciences, Institute for Urban Water Management
Peter Krebs
Urban Water
Urban Water Chapter 5 Introduction to water supply © PK, 2010 – page 3
5 Introduction to water supply
5.1 Goals of water supply
5.2 Overview over water supply system
5.3 Water need
Department of Hydro Sciences, Institute for Urban Water Management
Peter Krebs
Urban Water
Urban Water Chapter 5 Introduction to water supply © PK, 2010 – page 4
„Sufficient Drinking Water of good Quality at any Time “
Political decision making
sufficient how much, how long during dry periods ?
good quality hygiene, to be drunk, for toilet flushing, how long ?
any time extreme drought, contaminated water spring
Task of water supply
Urban Water Chapter 5 Introduction to water supply © PK, 2010 – page 5
Implementation via guidelines, threshold values
DIN 2000
„Drinking water should be appetizing and tempting,
colourless, clear, cold, odourless, and perfectly fresh with
regard to taste.“
Drinking water quality
Urban Water Chapter 5 Introduction to water supply © PK, 2010 – page 6
Att./No.
Parameter Unit Limit value
1/1 Escherichia coli (100 ml)-1 0
1/2 Enterokokken (100 ml)-1 0
1/3 Coliforme Bacteria (100 ml)-1 0
2/I/1 Acrylamid mg/l 0,0001
2/I/2 Benzole mg/l 0,001
2/I/3 Boron mg/l 1
2/I/4 Bromate mg/l 0,01 *) (01.01.2008)
2/I/5 Chrome mg/l 0,05
2/I/6 Cyanide mg/l 0,05
2/I/7 1,2-Dichlorethane mg/l 0,003
2/I/8 Fluoride mg/l 1,5
2/I/9 Nitrate mg/l 50
2/I/10 Biozids individual mg/l 0,0001
2/I/11 Biozids in total mg/l 0,0005
Limits (i), EU
Urban Water Chapter 5 Introduction to water supply © PK, 2010 – page 7
Att./No.
Parameter Unit Limit value
2/I/12 Mercury mg/l 0,001
2/I/13 Selen mg/l 0,01
2/I/14 Tetra-chlore-ethen und Tri-chlore-ethen mg/l 0,01
2/II/1 Antimon mg/l 0,005
2/II/2 Arsenic mg/l 0,01
2/II/3 Benzo-(a)-pyren mg/l 0,00001
2/II/4 Lead mg/l 0,01 *) (01.12.2013)
2/II/5 Cadmium mg/l 0,005
2/II/6 Epichlorehydrine mg/l 0,0001
2/II/7 Copper mg/l 2
2/II/8 Nickel mg/l 0,02
2/II/9 Nitrite mg/l 0,5
2/II/10 Polycyclic aromatic carbon hydroxids mg/l 0,0001
2/II/11 Trihalogenmethane mg/l 0,05
2/II/12 Vinyl chloride mg/l 0,0005
Limits (ii), EU
Urban Water Chapter 5 Introduction to water supply © PK, 2010 – page 8
Anl./Nr. Parameter Unit Limit value
3/1 Aluminium mg/l 0,2
3/2 Unionised Ammonia mg/l 0,5
3/3 Chloride mg/l 250
3/4 Clostridium perfringens (100 ml)-1 0
3/5 Ferric mg/l 0,2
3/6 Colour (spectral Absorption coefficientHg 436 nm)
m-1 0,5
3/7 Odour limit value 1 2 at 12 °C, 3 at 25 °C
3/8 Taste 1 Acceptable for consumer
3/9 Colony number at 22 °C 1 Without anomal change
3/10 Colony number at 36 °C 1 Without anomal change
3/11 Conductivity S/cm 2500 at 20 °C
3/12 Manganese mg/l 0,05
3/13 Sodium mg/l 200
Limits (iii), EU
Urban Water Chapter 5 Introduction to water supply © PK, 2010 – page 9
Att./No.
Parameter Unit Limit value
3/14 Total organic carbon (TOC) Without anomal change
3/15 COD mg/l O2 5
3/16 Sulfate mg/l 240
3/17 Turbidity (NTU) 1,0
3/18a Hydrogen pH 6,5 und 9,5
3/18b Calcit solution capacity mg/l CaCO3 At purification station: 5combined water: 10
3/19 Tritium Bq/l 100
Limits (iv), EU
Urban Water Chapter 5 Introduction to water supply © PK, 2010 – page 10
5 Introduction to water supply
5.1 Goals of water supply
5.2 Overview over water supply system
5.3 Water need
Department of Hydro Sciences, Institute for Urban Water Management
Peter Krebs
Urban Water
Urban Water Chapter 5 Introduction to water supply © PK, 2010 – page 11
Ground water
Storage
Industry
Settlement
Lake, dam
Water protection
Tight construction
Protection zone
Pressure
Saftey barriers
Spring intake
Protection zone
Purification
Water distribution
Structure of a water supply system
Urban Water Chapter 5 Introduction to water supply © PK, 2010 – page 12
Regional water supply systems in Germany
Urban Water Chapter 5 Introduction to water supply © PK, 2010 – page 13
Regional water supply system in USA
Urban Water Chapter 5 Introduction to water supply © PK, 2010 – page 14
0
1.000
2.000
3.000
4.000
5.000
6.000
7.000
1991 1995 1998
Consu
mpti
on p
er
year
in 1
06 m
³
Ground- and spring water River bank filtrate Surface water
0
200
400
600
800
1.000
1.200
1.400
Saxony Bavaria NRW
(Umweltbundesamt (2001), pp. 52ff.)
Consumption and origin of drinking water in Germany
Urban Water Chapter 5 Introduction to water supply © PK, 2010 – page 15
5 Introduction to water supply
5.1 Goals of water supply
5.2 Overview over water supply system
5.3 Water need
Department of Hydro Sciences, Institute for Urban Water Management
Peter Krebs
Urban Water
Urban Water Chapter 5 Introduction to water supply © PK, 2010 – page 16
Variations in consumption
Climate variations (Dry / wet years)
Variations in Economy
Changes in consumption
Trends in population development
Technical development
Comfort and Hygiene
Consumption pattern
Living standard
Law, guidelines
…
Effects on water need
Urban Water Chapter 5 Introduction to water supply © PK, 2010 – page 17
Qd average daily consumption over a year
Qh average hours consumption at average day
Qd,max maximum daily consumption of a year
Qh,max maximum hours consumption at maximums day
fd Peak days factor
fh Peak hours factor
Parameters to characterise consumption (i)
Urban Water Chapter 5 Introduction to water supply © PK, 2010 – page 18
Parameter Decisive for
Maximum daily water needQd,max = fd ∙ Qd
Purification, reservoir
Average hourly need at average day Qh = Qd / 24
Maximum hours need at maximum day Qh,max = fh ∙ Qd / 24
Distribution system
Parameters to characterise consumption (ii)