Urban Sustainable Development Cases

KARACHITANZANIA

27.2.2002 Adrià Bonell - GEO 302

KARACHIPakistan's major metropolis

– Commercial capital– 11 million

inhabitants– 8% of country's total

population– 4.8% of annual

growth rate

Legal Housing Development SystemToo ambitious goverment regulations

Large plot sizes and rights-of-way, high standards (materials and infraestructure)

Delays in extending trunk infrastructureLack of appropiate roads, piped water and sewerage

Impossibility to obtain mortgage financing

For low- and and middle-income households

HIGH PRICES

LOW PURCHASE CAPACITY

KATCHI ABADIS

The unplanned settlements created by the informal sector in order to overcome goverment's inability to supply cheap housing1/2 the city's people are living in them Double city's average growth rate (9%)

Katchi Abadis - Problems

Insecurity of property

Informal sector lacks technical capacity

Illegal dumping of wastes and inadequate sewage treatment

Not incentive to invest in infrastructure

Low quality facilities => Natural disasters risk

Dangerous health conditions => Epidemics

Recommended Changes (i)Goverment has to recognize the Katchi Abadis as a reality (not a temporary situation)

Incorporate existing informal-built facilities into the overall housing planning

Nurture goverment-communities trustPromote positive interactions to find out actual residents' needsRationalize overlaping responsabilities (city,state and federal agencies) to strenghten accountability

Recommended Changes (ii)Decrease regualtory housing requirements

Housing must meet public health and safety conditions, but not be so elaborate that it raises unecessarily the price of housing.

The public sector should limit its activity to areas in which has a comparative advantage

Improve property rights adjudication and registrationProvide the necessary trunk infrastructureAllow low-income residents to apply for credit collectively

TANZANIA

Cultivating Rural-Urban Linkages

The Region:SUB-SAHARA

The weakest overall growth of all the developing regionsIncreasingly marginalised in the global economyThe world's heaviest debt burden

TANZANIA

The 6 main cities generate 30% of GDP 75% of all Tanzanians live in rural areasAgriculture accounts for over 50% of GDP

It Is Necessary to Increase Rural Productivity

Demand for manufactured

products

Industrialisation

Incomes

Technology level

Rural productivity

Economic wealth

… and Market Access

City-Rural Linkages Can Help

Enable access of agricultural products to city markets

PRODUCTIVITY:

MARKET ACCESS:

Acquire new technical knowledgeBuild channels to bring this new technology to the rural economy

Acquire new technical knowledgeImprove education and research services

To be informed about new technology advances Promote a secure and open business environment (i.e. macroeconomic stability, liberalization, effective legal rules) ATTRACT

Foreign investors with access to better equipment, inputs and technology. Reverse migration with knowledge and

capital earned abroad

Bring the new technology to the rural economy

Create technology diffusion services Private businesses, government research institutes and media

FeaturesDirected to the most innovative groups Avoid too specialized, top down managementClient driven and customized to particular needs of each group

Enable access to city markets

Establish support networks that create trusting relationshps between city businesses and rural producers

Formal legal and insurance contractsTies of ethnicity, religion and kinship (e.g. Muslim and Asian communities)

Only 30% of agricultural output is currently marketed

Build new infrastructureStrengthen the road system

Thank you !

Questions ?

27.2.2002 Adrià Bonell - GEO 302