urban is at ion

8/2/2019 Urban is at Ion

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WHAT IS URBANISATION? Urbanisation or Urban Drift is the process

in which the number of people living incities increases compared with thenumber of people living in rural areas. Acountry is considered to be urbanisedwhen over 50% of its population lives inurban places.

It is the physical growth of urban areas asa result of global change.

It is also defined by the United Nations asmovement of people from rural to urbanareas with population growth equating to


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WHAT IS URBAN? Definition of urban varies widely from

country to country. Some countriesdistinguish between rural and urbanbased on:

Size or density of localities Administrative considerations (only major

cities are classed as urban) The percentage of persons not dependent

on agriculture Some nations define all of their

population as living in urban areas (e.g.Singapore). Some nations define none of their population as urban (e.g. Polynesia(South Pacific Islands))


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CAUSES OF URBANISATION Reduce expense in commuting and

transportation for jobs, employment etc.

Improving opportunities for jobs,education, housing, and transportation. Greater variety of jobs in urban areas. To seek economic opportunities. Better basic services as well as other

specialist services that aren't found inrural areas.

Elderly are often forced to move to citieswhere there are doctors and hospitals


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PROCESS The process of urbanisation is different

for MDCs and LDCs.


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LDCs The process of urbanization has occurred

differently in much of the developingworld.

Historically many of these countries wereformer colonies They have some of thehighest rates of population growth andthe largest urban areas. They arecharacterized as being poor havingsignificantly less technology then thedeveloped world, and a very rapidtransition from rural to urban societies.


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Population is placing pressure on urbanareas and without having the benefit of industrialization the lack of employmentopportunities for the mass of urbanmigrants is undermining the ability of cities to incorporate people. Theconsequences of this lack of employment

opportunities are growing urban areas alarge percent of whose population isunemployed and living in poverty andforced to live in unsanitary squattersettlements.


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MDCs In MDCs the rural to urban migration was

facilitated by large-scale industrializationand the need for labour


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PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED Lack of housing, open areas of land and

appearance of slums.

Poverty is becoming increasinglyurbanized as more poor people migratefrom rural to urban areas.

Diseases are common and frequent in

squatter settlements and shanty towns Many cities do not provide adequate

services (drinking water, sanitationfacilities, electricity, food, heath care,

housing, schools, jobs) to squattersettlements (lack money, and fear even


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Many city governments try to destroysquatter settlements or send police todrive illegal settlers out (people thenmove back in or develop anothershantytown somewhere else)

Loss of land for agriculture.

Environmental pollution is a directoutcome of urbanisation. Urban heat- Sheer numbers of people in

cities mean urban areas are major

contributors to air pollution and enhancedgreenhouse effect.


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Sociologically, it has led to the breakingof joint family and the establishment of nucleus families. People becomes moreself centered.

Cities which are highly urbanised and redensely populated are more prone toaerial bombardments.


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REMEDIAL MEASURES Changing governmental infrastructure

financing policies in favour of rural areas.Village economy should be made self sufficient.

Cities can be revitalized by managinggrowth. Establish urban growthboundaries

Cleaning up environmentallycontaminated land

Decentralisation of industrial sector.

Counter Urbanisation should be


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CONCLUSION It is within the power of man to create a

healthy environment for the human race.What is needed is a readjustment of social and moral values.


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Thank you !

urban is at ion

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