urban governance
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Urban Governance. Sue Brownill Department of Planning. Introduction. Governance is central to debates covering in network Two key questions in the proposal How is urban governance responding to challenges of globalisation and climate change? - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
School of the Built Environment
Urban Governance
Sue Brownill
Department of Planning
School of the Built Environment
Introduction
• Governance is central to debates covering in network • Two key questions in the proposal
• How is urban governance responding to challenges of globalisation and climate change?
• Are different, more flexible forms of governing capable of meeting such challenges emerging?
• But multi-faceted: about climate change and pro-poor/socially inclusive strategies in an era of competitiveness
• Poses challenges to urban governments and to how we understand and characterise urban governance.
• In particular move beyond competencies to explore multiple modes of governance
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Exploring Governance
• Context• Framing governance• The UK experience, with an emphasis on the
Thames Gateway• Some implications for the network
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Context
• Governance and sustainability, governance for sustainability
• Multi-level governance – global to local• Activity on the ground and growing evidence base of
drivers of and barriers to ‘effective’ governance for sustainability
• Debates about role and nature of governance
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Ways of Seeing
• Narratives of governance, localism and sustainability
• Some issues in practice –but generally a credible story
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Some alternative narratives
• Neoliberal governance• Commitment to markets• Forms of governance which promote
competitiveness, not inclusivity• Shift of power to private economic
interests• Contain tendencies to ‘governance
failure’
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Different Modes or Models of Governance
• Some trying to develop a more nuanced approach around competing discourses and modes of governance
• Raco -hybridity• Within these broader debates Bulkeley et al identify a number of
different modes of governance in relation to climate change have been identified in previous work• Self-governing• Provision• Regulation• Enabling• Partnership/networked
Self-governing/
participatory
Energy efficiency in municipal buildings
Regulation/Authority Strategic planning, targets, laws
Provision
Public transport, recycling
Enabling Campaigns, advice
Partnership Flex-fuel collaboration Sao Paulo
Some Examples
Capacity BuildingEmpowermentCounter-publicsCitizen power
Local FlexibilityNetworks – flows of powerDiversity of interestsStakeholdersConsensus
SELF-GOVERNANCEMODEL
OPEN SYSTEMS
MODEL
HIERARCHYMODEL
RATIONAL GOALMODEL
Formal processesStatutory requirementsRepresentative democracyFormal power/authority
Performance IndicatorsWhat works – guidanceManagerial Framing of issuesManagerial power Consumer preferences and service improvement
Decentralisation
Centralisation
TowardsContinuity
Towards competitiveness and multi-level government
An Illustration of Contrasting Modes of Governance; Newman
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The UK Experience
• Interesting times• Example of Thames Gateway and Sustainable
Communities• Example of New Conventional Wisdom – governance
as key to reconcling competitiveness and sustainability/equity
• However are they complementary or mutually exclusive? Are forms of governance more likely to promote competitiveness than sustainability? What modes of governance can be seen? Are they fit for purpose? What are the drivers and barriers that emerge?
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Thames Gateway before: Eastern Quarry, Ebbsfleet 1997
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Thames Gateway after: Ebbsfleet Valley 2010
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Thames Gateway
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Aims and Objectives
Our aim is to use growth to regenerate and develop the Thames Gateway in a sustainable way. We want to create an attractive environment where people will choose to live, work and spend their leisure time (Delivering the Thames Gateway)
The Governance of the Gateway
Key.Sub-regional PartnershipsThames Gateway London PartnershipThames Gateway South Essex PartnershipThames Gateway Kent Partnership
Local Deveivery vehicles
London Thames Gateway UDCWoolwich Regeneration Agency Kent Thameside elivery Board Renaissance Southend Basildon Renaissance Partnership Swale ForwardInvest Bexley
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Jessop Governance Failure
• Self-Organisation
• Intersection with other governance structures – issue of resources
• Economic context
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Governance Failure?
• Governability v flexibility – crisis of leadership • Competition v co-operation• Accountability v efficiency
• Competitivenss v sustainability• Who is a sustainable citizen
• Open-ness v closure
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Related Issues
• Joining Up: sustainable communities need co-ordinated delivery
• Funding for infrastructure• Conflict over who pays between central and local
govt eg London Riverside and between public and private
• Devolution of responsibility of delivery without power of resources
• Ability to meet targets ; constraints of the wider economic context. What trends are showing versus what is in strategies
• Constraints of strategy - refusal to intervene in location decisions
• Impact of potential downturn in economy
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Wider Economic Context
• Ability to meet targets ; constraints of the wider economic context. What trends are showing versus what is in strategies
• Constraints of strategy - refusal to intervene in location decisions
• Impact of potential downturn in economy
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Overcoming Failure?
• Despite this there have been some examples of ‘success’ in Gateway and elsewhere, suggests that spaces are opened up within governance arrangements• Guided bus in North Kent• Attempts to link social inclusion to new
developments• Greenwich Millennium village
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Some Issues to Explore
• Confirms pictures of drivers and barriers eg• Leadership• Resources, knowledge and funding• ‘fit’ with spatial area• Enabling policy framework• Capacity for ‘self governing’• Involving communities• Framing of issue as of local importance• Horizontal and vertical integration• structures
• But also suggests that ability to act through and co-ordinate different modes of governing will be critical to success alongside the modes of governance available to municipalities
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Some Issues to Explore
• Conceptual frameworks; modes/models of governance
• Resilience and modes of governance• Joining the gaps between competitiveness and
sustainability and participation• Governing the future• Mitigation and adaptation?• Further case studies and examples
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Over to you?
• Examples• Thoughts• Issues• Areas for further work