Urban Freight:Urban Freight:in London and Paris in London and Paris

Strategies, actions and Strategies, actions and experimentationsexperimentations

COST 355 meeting, Piraeus, Greece – 18-19th April Mahmoud Attlassy, LET, France

London Paris Petite couronne

Ile-de-France

Population (millions inhabitants)

7 2 6,1 11

Surface (km²) 1 580 105,40 762 12 012

GDP(billion euros)

380 NA 295 376

Freight (millions of tonnes)

186 31.5 NA 310

Road 125 28.5 NA 274.5

Waterborne 52(2 millions inside

London)2 NA 19

Rail 9 1 NA 16.5

PARISLONDON

Negative externalities linked to urban freightNegative externalities linked to urban freight

CongestionCongestion

Pollution (emissions: CO2, CO, NOx, PM10 Pollution (emissions: CO2, CO, NOx, PM10 particle…)particle…)

Noise and vibrationsNoise and vibrations

Energy consumptionEnergy consumption

Space consumptionSpace consumption

Strategies and objectivesStrategies and objectives

The Mayor's Transport Strategy (2001)

ensureensure efficiency and reliability efficiency and reliability of freight distributionof freight distributionminimise the adverse minimise the adverse environmental impact of freight environmental impact of freight transport and servicing transport and servicing minimise the impact of minimise the impact of congestion congestion foster shift of freight from road foster shift of freight from road to more sustainable modes to more sustainable modes

Plan de Déplacement de Paris Plan de Déplacement de Paris (2002)(2002)

optimize the distribution of optimize the distribution of goods goods

operate modal shift from road operate modal shift from road towards rail and waterwaystowards rail and waterways

control the harmful effects control the harmful effects generated by urban freightgenerated by urban freight

Mode Main Stakeholders

Road DfTTfL incl. LSDPALG and the boroughs

Rail TfLSRANetwork RailRail Freight Group4 companies (EWS and freightliner are the main ones)

Waterborne TfLPort of LondonBritish Waterways2 main companies

Mode Stakeholders

Road Mairie de ParisCERTUDREIFGARTADEME

Rail Mairie de ParisRFFSNCFSERNAM

Waterborne Mairie de ParisPort Autonome de ParisVoies navigables de France

In London In Paris

Stakeholders and Decision-making processes

Actions and experimentationsActions and experimentations

LondonLondon

The Congestion ChargeThe Congestion Charge

The Low Emission ZoneThe Low Emission Zone

Freight Quality PartnershipsFreight Quality Partnerships

The London Lorry Control The London Lorry Control SchemeScheme

ParisParis

Urban consolidation Urban consolidation centrescentres

Clean delivery vehiclesClean delivery vehicles

Lorry regulationLorry regulation

The Congestion ChargeThe Congestion Charge

Introduced in February 2003 £8 daily charge for driving a vehicle on public roads Active between 0700 and 1830, Monday to Friday, excluding weekdays and public holidays

Reduction in the congestion inside the charging zone 30%12 % reductions in the emissions of key traffic pollutantsImpacts in the boundary area just outside of the charging zone are largely neutral

The Low Emission ZoneThe Low Emission Zone

To be implemented in 2007To be implemented in 2007A manually enforced scheme is estimated 4.2 million euros to set-up, with running costs of around 6 million euros each yearEmission Criteria based on Euro standard and RPC (Reduced Pollutin Certificate). Starting from Euro Standar 2 plus RPC in 200723% reduction in total London PM10 emissions in 201023% reduction in total London PM10 emissions in 2010 43% reduction in the area of London exceeding the relevant PM10 air quality target in 43% reduction in the area of London exceeding the relevant PM10 air quality target in 20102010 19% reduction in the area of London exceeding the relevant NO2 air quality target in 19% reduction in the area of London exceeding the relevant NO2 air quality target in 20102010

Options considered

London lorry control SchemeLondon lorry control Scheme

Since 1986Since 1986roads within 33 Boroughs of London are restricted for lorries over 18 tonnes maximum gross weight (mgw), on three axles or more, at night time and weekends. Hours of operation of the ban (controlled hours) are as follows:

Between midnight and 07:00 and between 21:00 and midnight on Mondays to Fridays inclusiveBetween midnight and 07:00 and between 13:00 and midnight on Saturdays, andAll day Sundays

Road haulage companies with essential business in the controlled road network may obtain permits to operate heavy vehicles on these roads and streets during controlled hours, provided that the are able to satisfy certain conditions

The Regulation in Paris

Plages horairesPlages horaires 0h-7h30 0h-7h30 7h30-9h30 7h30-9h30 9h30-16h309h30-16h30 16h30-19h30 16h30-19h30 19h30-24h 19h30-24h   

Véhicules d’une surface égale ou inférieure à 16 mVéhicules d’une surface égale ou inférieure à 16 m22

  

Réglementation généraleRéglementation généralePour toutes voies dans ParisPour toutes voies dans Paris   

Dérogations permanentesDérogations permanentesAppro. marchés découverts Appro. marchés découverts Véhicules postaux Véhicules postaux <<16 m² 16 m²

  

Véhicules d’une surface de plus de 16mVéhicules d’une surface de plus de 16m22 à 24 m à 24 m22

  

Réglementation généraleRéglementation généralePour toutes voies dans ParisPour toutes voies dans Paris   

Dérogations permanentesDérogations permanentesMeunerie Meunerie Citernes Citernes Frigorifiques Frigorifiques Porte-voitures Porte-voitures Déménagements Déménagements Chantiers – voiries Chantiers – voiries Appro. marchés découverts Appro. marchés découverts

  

Véhicules d’une surface supérieure à 24 mVéhicules d’une surface supérieure à 24 m22

Réglementation généraleRéglementation généralePour toutes voies dans ParisPour toutes voies dans Paris

Dérogations permanentesDérogations permanentesMeunerie Meunerie Citernes Citernes Frigorifiques Frigorifiques < < 28m² 28m² Porte-voitures Porte-voitures Déménagements Déménagements Chantiers – voiries Chantiers – voiries

Autorisés toutes voiesAutorisés toutes voies

Interdits couloirs de bus et axes rougesInterdits couloirs de bus et axes rouges

Interdits toutes voiesInterdits toutes voies

Experimentations in paris 1/2Experimentations in paris 1/2

Consolidation CentresConsolidation Centres

Saint-Germain Saint-Germain l’Auxerrois (600 m2) l’Auxerrois (600 m2)

The Consignity networkThe Consignity network

Concorde (800 m2) Concorde (800 m2)

Porte d’Orléans (220 Porte d’Orléans (220 m2) m2)

Clean vehicles deliveryClean vehicles delivery

CNG and LGP Vehicles CNG and LGP Vehicles

Electric vehicles Electric vehicles

Electric tricycles Electric tricycles

Electric scooters Electric scooters

Electric handcarts Electric handcarts

SeinexpressSeinexpress

Optimising the deliveries inside the city

Experimentations in Paris 2/2Experimentations in Paris 2/2

Electric handcarts

“Chrono City”

Electric triporteur used by Natoora

Electric scooters used by Lungta

Electric tricycles

used by la Petite Reine

Electric vehicles

used by l’Oréal

Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) Vehicles

used by Carrefour, Ooshop, Monoprix

Clean vehicles deliveryClean vehicles delivery

TricyclesTricycles

After 24 monthsAfter 24 months

188 t*km avoided (LGV < 3.5t)188 t*km avoided (LGV < 3.5t)28 teo of energy consumption28 teo of energy consumption112t CO2112t CO2280 Kg NOx280 Kg NOx1.5 t CO1.5 t CO44.5 PM1044.5 PM10

Modal shiftModal shiftLondon Paris

Waterborne TfL and the GLA work in partnership with the Port of London Authority and British Waterways

feasibility studies have been financed in order to evaluate the potential

A working group has been set with the mairie de Paris and the Paris Port authority

The reactivation of ten ports of transit on the Seine that will be “time-shared”

Feasibility studies are carried out in partnership with companies before launching individual experimentations.

Rail TfL, Network Rail and the Rail TfL, Network Rail and the Rail Freight Group work closely to Freight Group work closely to evaluate the needs and to evaluate the needs and to provide solutions for the provide solutions for the development of rail freight. development of rail freight.

Evaluations are carried outEvaluations are carried out

Development plan set with Development plan set with SNCF, RFF,DRE, Marie de ParisSNCF, RFF,DRE, Marie de Paris

Protection of land spaces Protection of land spaces connected to the rail networkconnected to the rail network

Feasibility studies are carried Feasibility studies are carried out before launching out before launching experimentationsexperimentations

Urban freight is still a relatively new fieldUrban freight is still a relatively new field

Both London and Paris are currently very active and consider urban Both London and Paris are currently very active and consider urban freight issues as priorities in their transport strategiesfreight issues as priorities in their transport strategies

Both cities face the same issues induced by urban freight however Both cities face the same issues induced by urban freight however have different approaches and bring different solutions on the fieldhave different approaches and bring different solutions on the field

London adopts a holistic approachLondon adopts a holistic approach

Paris implements an individualistic approach Paris implements an individualistic approach

The decision-making processes are different in both cities. This The decision-making processes are different in both cities. This explains partly the differences in the solutions and actions explains partly the differences in the solutions and actions undertakenundertaken

The tranferabilty of those actions from one city to another appears The tranferabilty of those actions from one city to another appears to be very often a political matter rather than a technical or to be very often a political matter rather than a technical or economical oneeconomical one

To sum it up …To sum it up …

PerspectivesPerspectives

Modal shift inside both cities has to be thought at a national scale Modal shift inside both cities has to be thought at a national scale rather than at a city scale. Freight companies and organisations insist rather than at a city scale. Freight companies and organisations insist that this would only happen if such transport modes can enable to that this would only happen if such transport modes can enable to handle high volumes of freight and create economies of scale.handle high volumes of freight and create economies of scale.

The lack of data is a key point to enhance the efficiency of freight The lack of data is a key point to enhance the efficiency of freight flows inside both cities and bring solutions that match the real needs flows inside both cities and bring solutions that match the real needs of businesses. Accurate and better data collection concerning the of businesses. Accurate and better data collection concerning the nature of movements of goods is the next step.nature of movements of goods is the next step.