urban and natural environment consultants european commission 6 th framework programme for research...

URBAN AND NATURAL ENVIRONMENT CONSULTANTS

European Commission6th Framework Programme for research and Technological Development

Optimisation For Sustainable Water Management : OPTIMA

Presented by:

Charalambos Panayiotou

Environmental Scientist, MSc

Manager

Atlantis Cosulting ltd

KICK – OFF MEETING _ Cyprus Case Study Presentation

Kouklia

Nikokleia

Ay. Georgios

Traxypedoula

Salamiou

Kidasi

Prastio

Philousa

Arminou

Gerovasa

Mylikouri

Ay. Nikolaos

Arsos

Treis Elies

Prodromos

Ay. Dimitrios

Phoini

Kholetria

Khapotami

Kelokedara

Oridhes

Ay. Ioannis

Kykkos

Dhora

Kaminaria

Mallia

Omodhos

Prodromos

Trikoukkia

Philousa weir

Kouklia weir

Arminou Dam

Arminou Diversion

Dhiarizos River

7

kilometers

0 3.5




Social Setting - Land Use and Population- Water management practices- Water management Environmental and Social Issues

Physical Setting- Hydrology and Water balance- Geology- Flora and Fauna

SCOPE OF ANALYSIS




DIARIZOS VALLEY – GENERAL SETTING

Kouklia

Nikokleia

Ay. Georgios

Traxypedoula

Salamiou

Kidasi

Prastio

Philousa

Arminou

Gerovasa

Mylikouri

Ay. Nikolaos

Arsos

Treis Elies

Prodromos

Ay. Dimitrios

Phoini

Kholetria

Khapotami

Kelokedara

Oridhes

Ay. Ioannis

Kykkos

Dhora

Kaminaria

Mallia

Omodhos

Prodromos

Trikoukkia

Philousa weir

Kouklia weir

Arminou Dam

Arminou Diversion

7

kilometers

0 3.5




DHIARIZOS RIVER WATERSHED GEOLOGICAL COVER

IGNEOUS ROCKS 43%

( All are upstream of Arminou Dam )

MAMONIA (MELANGE) 13%

CHALKS 19%

CHALKS AND MARLS 24%

ALLUVIUM 1%




DIARIZOS CATCHMENT AREA

Kouklia

Nikokleia

Ay. Georgios

Traxypedoula

Salamiou

Kidasi

Prastio

Philousa

Arminou

Gerovasa

Mylikouri

Ay. Nikolaos

Arsos

Treis Elies

Prodromos

Ay. Dimitrios

Phoini

Kholetria

Khapotami

Kelokedara

Oridhes

Ay . Ioannis

Ky kkos

Dhora

Kaminaria

Mallia

Omodhos

Prodromos

Trikoukkia

Philousa weir

Kouklia weir

Arminou Dam

7

kilometers

0 3.5




DIARIZOS VALLEY – SCEMATIC OVERVIEW

Arminou Dam. Capacity 4.6 MCM

Diversion to Kouris Dam . 15 MCM/YR

Diversion to Irrigation. 2 MCM/YR

Dhiarizos River

Dhiarizos River Gravel Aquifer. Area: 9 km²Water reserves: 15 MCMNumber of wells: About 60. Wield : 20-200 m³/hr

Kouklia Weir

Filousa Weir

Sea




DIARIZOS CASE STUDY - Available information

Mean Daily stream flow 1965/66 to 2000 for Filousa stream gauging weir

Mean Daily stream flow 1965/66 to 2000 for Kouklia stream gauging weir

Mean Daily inflow to Arminou Dam Daily diversion to Kouris Dam Diversions outside the watershed Abstractions from aquifer Monthly and 6_monthly water level measurements Standard chemical analyses for ground and surface waters Population and population trends Land use Animal husbandry :limited to domestic needs




Number of communities in the watershed: 28

18 communities downstream of Arminou Dam and 10 communities upstream

Total Population: 5000 persons, Mostly farmers

Cultivated crops in the watershed: DECARS (1000 m2)

Citrus: 880

Deciduous : 1460

Olives: 250

Vines: 130

Fodder: 80

Potatoes: 30

Vegetables: 30

TOTAL 2860

DIARIZOS VALLEY – LANDUSE




DHIARIZOS RIVER WATERSHED WATER BALANCE

Dhiarizos Watershed Area up to Filousa stream gauging weir:- Total catchment area: 125 km²- Precipitation: 795 mm - Evaporation: 635 mm ( 80% )- Mean Annual Runoff (1965-1998) : 21 Million m³(MCM) or

170mm- Median Annual Runoff (1965-1998) : 18.7 Million m³(MCM) or

150mm- Arminou Dam capacity 4.6 MCM- Diversion to Kourris Dam : 15 - 18 MCM/YR- Controlled releases to river aquifer: 1

MCM/YR - Spills : 2.7 - 0 MCM/YR




Dhiarizos Watershed Area up to Kouklia stream gauging weir:- Total area: 260 km²

- Precipitation: 680 mm

- Mean Annual Runoff (1965-1998) : 25 Million m³ (MCM) or 96mm

- Median Annual Runoff (1965-1998) : 19.3 Million m³ (MCM) or 75mm

DHIARIZOS RIVER WATERSHED WATER BALANCE




DHIARIZOS RIVER GRAVEL AQUIFER

WATER BALANCE (1992 – 2002 average figures)

Aquifer Area: 9 km²

Precipitation : 480 mm

Evaporation : 420 mm (88%)

Aquifer capacity : 15 MCM

Number of pumping wells : about 60

Yield per well : 20 - 200 m³/hour




AQUIFER AVERAGE YEARLY BALANCERecharge from direct precipitation: 0.6 MCMRecharge from stream flow: 6.0 to 6.5 MCMDam releases: 1 MCMReturn flow from irrigation: 0.4 MCMSea Intrusion: 0.1 MCMTOTAL INPUT 8.1 to 8.6 MCM

Abstraction for irrigation: 6.0 MCMAbstraction for domestic supplies: 1.0 MCM Outflow to the sea: 1.6 MCMTOTAL OUTPUT 8.6 MCM

In cases of surplus runoff an amount of up to 3.0 MCM can be diverted for irrigation outside the Watershed.

There is an over pumping of about 0.5 million m³/year on the average therefore groundwater levels are falling.




DHIARIZOS RIVER WATERSHED - Environmental stresses

- Nitrates from Agricultural practices. - Groundwater and Surface water pollution from

private septic tanks and absorption pits. (There are no sewage treatment plants at present)

- Uncontrolled damping of solid wastes. (There are no controlled solid wastes sites in the area)

- Recent road construction works have intruded in the river bed.




DHIARIZOS RIVER WATERSHED - ISSUES

- Future needs for water in the watershed is estimated to be 12 MCM by the year 2010.

- There are additional 4000 decars of good agricultural land that can be irrigated but isn’t due to lack of interest from farmers.

- There are no integrated rural development plans for the watershed.

- There are no watershed management plans.- Pressure to expand the irrigation projects in order to

increase land value




GENERAL WATER POLICY ISSUES

- The Island plan, especially with regard to the construction of dams was based on rainfall data from before 1970.

- Water pricing is not based on cost recovery– Desalination cost ~ 50 – 60 CP / toN– Residential water price = .335 CP / ton– Agricultural water price = .062 CP



Optimisation For Sustainable Water Management : OPTIMASTAKEHOLDERS

Water Development Department

Water production : exploitation of the freshwater resources, treatment of wastewater, production of desalinated water.

Water distribution (potable water, irrigation water)

Water quality (monitoring, setting quality standards)

Water conservation (protection of freshwater resources)

Department of fisheries

Protection of surface water course territories (lakes, river and stream beds.

Limassol and Pafos water boards

Regional development and planning of the territory (relevant to the DIARIZOS case study area)

STAKEHOLDERS




STAKEHOLDERS

Cyprus Forestry department Responsible for the protection of forest land _ Part of the study area lies within their jurisdiction

Institute of Agricultural Research

Deals with Issues of water, fertiliser and pesticide requirements of agricultural plants.

Ministry of Agriculture Responsible for implementing the agricultural policy of Cyprus, providing support to farmers

Several NGOs are generally of low activity in the study area

Local communities are organising in order to combat urbanisation problems as well as to exploit EU funds for development

Board of ministers and the Parliament are responsible for water pricing




STAKEHOLDERS

Environment Service and Water Development Department

Regional pollution control (natural resources, including water resources)

(Referring to ambient quality)

Environment Service Issuing liquid waste disposal consents

25 Local communities within the districts of Limassol and Pafos

Small number of farmers

Environment Service Protection of Diarizos River under the status of Natura 2000 and SPA

Cyprus Game Reserve Authority

Responsible for the protection of game including their habitats




DIARIZOS VALLEY TOPOGRAPHIC MAP

urban and natural environment consultants european commission 6 th framework programme for research...

Documents

sustainable water management

th framework programme

water reserves

water balance geology

optima number of communities

arminou dam daily diversion

domestic needs slide

daily stream flow