ups systems - westar energy · pdf filean uninterruptible power supply system is a device that...

www.p3-inc.com20 Years

Presents…

UPS Systems


Uninterruptible

Power Supply System


An Uninterruptible Power

Supply system is a device that

provides power to your facilities

equipment when the normal

power provider cannot.


The energy to operate this UPS

system typically comes from batteries,

however, some other sources of

energy are flywheels and fuel cells.


Why do we need

UPS Systems?


THREE 9s 99.9% Homes 9hrs 9 hours

FOUR 9s 99.99% Small Business 59 min

FIVE 9s 99.999% Manufacturing 5 Min

SIX 9s 99.9999% Office Bldg. 32 sec

NINE 9s 99.9999999% Data Center 30 mS

Reliability OK For Power Interruption per Year

The “9’s” of Reliable Power

THE PRESENT POWER GRID IN

THE UNITED STATES YIELDS ABOUT

4 NINES, OR

99.99 %


Purpose of a UPS

• Originally to provide back-up power during power fail conditions

• Expanded application to cover line and load power quality issues

Dirty, AC Input Clean, continuous output

during abnormal line/load

conditions

Uninterruptible

Power Supply


ANSI/IEEE 1100

tells us:

The correct UPS System can solve 7

of the 8 power problems that cause failure or

malfunction of equipment in your facilities.


Overvoltage

Undervoltage

Sag

Swell

Transient

Noise

Long term

outage

Frequency

variation

N

N

N

N

Y

Y

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

Y

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

?

N

N

N

N

Y

Y

N

Y

N

N

?

?

N

N

N

N

Y

?

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

Y

Y

N

N

N

N

N

?

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

N

Y


There are three basic types of

Uninterruptible Power Supply

systems available:

1. Stand by (Off line)

2. Line interactive (Off Line)

3. True On line Double Conversion


Equipment that

needs

uninterruptible

powerPower from

normal

power

provider

Batteries and DC

to AC Inverter

Stand By UPS System

The stand by UPS system (sometimes called Off-line system) operates in the following manor:

While the normal power provider is operational the equipment wired to the UPS system receives

power from this normal power provider.

When this normal power is lost (Undervoltage) the UPS system activates (turns on) and supplies

power to the equipment that needs uninterruptible power until the normal power returns.

The way this UPS system creates power is by converting the DC power from batteries to AC via an

inverter.

The activation (turn on) time for the inverter and internal switch from normal power to inverter

power is typically 8-16 milliseconds.


Equipment that

needs

uninterruptible

powerPower from

normal

power

provider

Batteries and DC

to AC Inverter

Stand By UPS System




When this normal power is lost the UPS system activates (turns on) and supplies power to the

equipment that needs uninterruptible power until the normal power returns.

The way this UPS system creates power is by converting the DC power from batteries to AC via an

inverter.

The activation (turn on) time for the inverter and internal switch from normal power to inverter power

is typically 8-16 milliseconds.


Equipment that

needs

uninterruptible

powerPower from

normal

power

provider

Batteries and DC

to AC Inverter

Stand By UPS System




When this normal power is lost the UPS system activates (turns on) and supplies power to the

equipment that needs uninterruptible power until the normal power returns.

The way this UPS system creates power is by converting the DC power from batteries to AC via

an inverter.

The activation (turn on) time for the inverter and internal switch from normal power to inverter

power is typically 8-16 milliseconds.


Equipment that

needs

uninterruptible

powerPower from

normal

power

provider

Batteries and DC

to AC Inverter

Stand By UPS System


Equipment that needs uninterruptible power

Power from normal power provider

Batteries and DC to AC Inverter

Stand By UPS System


Benefits:

• Inexpensive

• Small Footprint

Disadvantages:

• Not Designed for Critical Loads

• No Power Conditioning

• Load Exposed to Surges, Sags, & transients

• Not Generator Compatible

• Switching Necessary to go from Utility to

battery Power. Discontinuous Power during

Switch to Battery

• Less Battery Life (Used more often)

• Poor Maintainability without maintenance

Bypass

Stand By UPS System


Equipment that

needs

uninterruptible

powerPower

from

normal

power

provider

Batteries and

DC to AC

Inverter

Voltage

Regulator

Typically

A Buck

Boost

Transformer

Line Interactive UPS System

Line interactive (Off Line) UPS systems add extra features that

give us, at a minimum, two advantages over the Stand By UPS

system. One, they usually include some type of voltage regulator

between the normal power provider and your equipment that

needs uninterruptible power and two, they have activation times

around 4-8 milliseconds.


Benefits:

• Less Costly than True

on Line Technology

• Some Power

conditioning

Disadvantages:

• Not Designed for Critical Loads

• Limited Power Conditioning

• Load Exposed to Surges, Sags,

and Transients

• Not always Generator compatible

• Less Battery Life (Used more often)

• Poor Maintainability without a

maintenance bypass

Line Interactive UPS System


Power

from

normal

power

provider

Equipment that

needs

uninterruptible

power

AC to DC

Rectifier

Batteries

DC

DC to AC

Inverter

True On Line UPS system

The On Line UPS is the best option when your equipment cannot loose power for even a split second.

With an On Line system power is constant & there is no activation time. The On Line system uses

batteries & a DC to AC inverter just like to other 2 units mentioned above, however, it also uses something

called a rectifier. The addition of the rectifier along with the batteries & inverter enable the On Line UPS to

give constant power to your equipment that needs uninterruptible power. The inverter that supplies power

to your equipment is always on. The inverter gets its power from either the normal power provider (via the

rectifier) or the batteries. With power to your equipment being supplied constantly from the inverter you

receive clean regulated power at all times. In many cases this On Line technology is the only answer to

your sensitive equipment power needs.

Double Conversion


Power

from

normal

power

provider

Equipment that

needs

uninterruptible

power

AC to DC

Rectifier

Batteries

DC

DC to AC

Inverter


Double Conversion


Power from normal power provider

Equipment that needs uninterruptible power

AC to DCRectifier

BatteriesDC

DC to AC Inverter


Double Conversion


Benefits:

• Designed for Critical Loads

• Superior Power Conditioning

• Isolates Load from Surges, Sags,

and Transients

• Generator Compatible

• Extended Battery Times available

with Full Time inverter

• Extended Battery Life (Only used

during emergencies)

• Easy to Maintain with

maintenance Bypass Switch

Disadvantages:

• More Expensive than

lessor technologies


Double Conversion


The True On Line UPS is the best solution if

the Uninterrupted operation of your

equipment is critical.


ACDC

DCAC

• The 4 Major Components

Converter

AC to DC

Rectifier

Charger

Static Bypass Switch

Inverter

DC to AC

Battery

Individual UPS System Review


• Normal Operation

• Incoming Power from normal Provider

• Conversion from AC to DC

• Float Charging for Battery String

• Conversion from DC to AC for Load Power

ACDC

DCAC

Line Load



ACDC

DCAC

Line Load

• Battery Operation

• Incoming Power from normal Provider is gone

• Battery supplies power to the Inverter

• No loss of power to the Load



ACDC

DCAC

Line Load

• Static Bypass Operation

• Incoming Power is switched from the

Converter and Inverter to the Static Switch

• Unprotected Power from the Normal Provider supplies the load


• Reasons for? Maintenance, Overloads, Internal UPS problems



ACDC

DCAC

Line Load

• Manual Bypass Operation

• Incoming Power is switched from the Static Switch to the

Manual Bypass

• Unprotected Power from the Normal Provider supplies the load


• Reasons for? Maintenance, Repair of Internal UPS problems



ACDC

DCAC

Line Load

Summary: 4 Major Components

Rectifier

• 6-Pulse

• 12-Pulse

• IGBT

• MOSFET

• Delta

Conversion

• Economy Mode

Issues:

Cost

Harmonics

Efficiency

Inverter

• 6-step

• IGBT

• MOSFET• Economy Mode

Issues:

Switching Speed

Step Load

Types of Loads it Can Support

Static Bypass

• Momentary duty w/wrap

around contactor

• 100% continuous duty rated

• Fault Tolerant

Issues:

Reliability

Battery

• 10 Yr VRLA

• 20 Yr VRLA

• 20 Yr Flooded

• Flywheel

Issues:

Cost

Footprint

Reliability

Maintenance

(most UPS Systems)


Economizing Mode

Battery

DC/DC

PFC Recfifier Inverter

LoadAC in

AC in

Bypass Switch

Battery

DC/DC


LoadAC in

AC in

Bypass Switch

Maybe on to

allow battery

recharge

Battery

DC/DC


LoadAC in

AC in

Bypass Switch

Double conversion Standard ECO mode Advanced ECO mode

Regulate Voltage

Regulate frequency

Recharge batteries

Load PFC

No time transfer

Efficiency : 96+%

Regulate Voltage

Regulate frequency

Recharge batteries

Load PFC

No time transfer

Efficiency : 99 %

Regulate Voltage

Regulate frequency

Recharge batteries

Load PFC

No time transfer

Efficiency : 98 %


ACDC

DCAC

Line Load

Dual Feed

• Two UPS feeders

• The Rectifier has its own UPS feeder

• The Static Bypass has its own UPS feeder

• Many UPS manufactures do not require these feeders to be in sync.

• Better option than Single feed


UPS Batteries

Types of UPS Batteries

A. 10 Year Design Life Valve Regulated Lead Acid (VRLA)

B. 20 Year Design Life Valve Regulated Lead Acid (VRLA)

C. 20 Year Design Life Flooded (Wet) Batteries

A. VRLA (10)

• Expect 3-7 Years of

Useful Life

• Designed Around 770 F

• Minimal Out-gassing

• Generally Spill

Containment not

required.

• Lowest Cost

• Small Footprint

• Cabinetized

• Base Cost

B. VRLA (20)


Useful Life

• Designed Around 770 F

• Minimal Out-gassing

• Generally Spill

Containment not

required.

• High Cost

• Long Lead Time

• Base Cost x 6

C. Flooded (20)


Useful Life

• Ventilation Needed to

Remove Gases

• Spill Containment Needed

• Fire system needed

• Eye Wash Needed

• More Maintenance

Required

• Large Footprint

• Higher Cost

• More Reliable

• Base Cost x 6 + Room


The Great Transformer Debate

ACDC

DCAC

Load

Xform

ACDC

DCAC

Load

Xform

Outside?

Inside?


• No External Maintenance Bypass

• Heat from transformer in UPS room

• Weight from transformer in UPS

room

• Size of UPS larger

• Higher cost

• Internal transformers may not meet

the new DOE CSL3 Energy Efficient standards

Inside? Outside?

• Perfect for External Maintenance

Bypass

• Heat from transformer in another

location

• Weight from transformer in another

location

• Smaller size of UPS

• Much lower cost

• External transformers can be the

new DOE CSL3 Energy Efficient type

X X

The Great Transformer Debate


Paralleling: Design Factors to Consider

• With proper up front design you can have good Flexibility

to Grow to Maintain Capacity or Redundancy

• When adding future modules, you must use identical

manufacturer size, make, and model.

• Depending on design, if one goes to bypass they all go to

bypass.

• More Complex circuitry involved to parallel.

• Larger Load Banks are needed to test the system to

nameplate.


10KW PM

10KW PM

10KW PM

10KW PM

10KW PM

10KW PM

10KW PM

10KW PM

10KW PM

Modular and Scalable

RIM RIM

Batteries

Batteries

Batteries

Batteries

Batteries

Batteries

Batteries

Batteries

Batteries

Disc

10KW load20KW load30KW load

UPS

40KW load

50KW load60KW load70KW load80KW load

Add N+1 AT ANY TIME!


Power View

Easy to read and

navigate through

menus and functions

Power Module

Provides the flexibility to

scale power capacity

and adds N+1 capability

Built-in Static Bypass Switch

Enables the UPS to transfer the

load to utility power, without

interruption, in case of heavy

overload or faulty conditions

Redundant

Intelligence Module

Acts as back-up for the

Main Intelligence

Module

Battery Module

Hot swappable for

easy replacement by

trained user

Modular/Scalable Design for Redundancy


• Ability to scale and grow. Modular can be sized to align with the

data center’s present IT requirements, and grow as requirements

dictate. Up front cost is lower.

• Simpler process of duplication. Modular design means

manufacturing a large number of small units, instead of a small

number of large units.

• Ability to specialize the function of modules. UPS, cooling, and

power distribution can be combined and matched.

• Rapid adaptation to the environment. With new equipment being

added and IT equipment changing every 2 to 3 years modular

systems can easily be scaled up or reconfigured to meet these

changing IT needs.

• Fault tolerance. Just as fault tolerant IT equipment allows

continued data center operation when an IT component fails, fault

tolerant modular equipment allows continued operation of power

or cooling when a component fails.

Modular Redundant Capacity

or (N+1,2,3 etc) Combined System


Fully Redundant 2N

PC, Server,

Router, Switch,

Data Storage

Generator

Transfer

Switch

Utility

Generator

Transfer

Switch

Utility

UPS UPS

ups systems - westar energy · pdf filean uninterruptible power supply system is a device that...

Documents