upper sec revision package

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Revision PackageUpper SecondarySembawang Secondar

School

Name: _____________________Class : __________

Exam


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A SAMPLE OF SOURCE-BASED CASE-STUDY

Study the sources carefully and then answer the questions.

You may use any of the sources to help you answer the questions, in addition tothose sources which you are told to use. In answering the questions you should

use your knowledge of the topic to help you interpret and evaluate the sources.

1 (a) Study Source A.Why do you think the cartoonist portrays the IRA in the wayhe does? Explain your answer. [6]

(b) Study Sources B and C.How different are these sources? Explain your answer. [6]

(c) Study Source D.Does the source prove that the Catholics welcome the IRA?

Explain your answer. [6]

(d) Study Sources E and F.The two sources provide differing views of the IRA. Does that meanone of them is wrong? Explain your answer. [7]

Issue: The activities of the Irish Republican Army (IRA)

Source A An American cartoon about the IRA. Bobby Sands, a member of

the IRA, was the first prisoner to starve himself to death during the1981 hunger strike. He had demanded special privileges andpolitical status for imprisoned IRA members.

Sembawang Secondary School 50


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Source B A comment on the IRA by Moira Dillon, a Catholic, who was held hostageby IRA gunmen.

Source C An account given by Martin McGuinness, Deputy President of Sinn Fein,the political wing of the IRA, in 1990.

Source D An IRA member with Catholic children


The IRA is just a bunch of crooks. There isnt a building or a pub that you dont holdup for protection money. Youve made this place into a bloody shambles. Youre notfighting for anybodys freedom. Not mine, not the people of Northern Irelands, notanybodys. The only thing youre doing is making people hate each other worse than

ever. Maybe thats what you want, isnt it? Because if the Catholics stopped hatingthe Protestants, where would the IRA be?

I believe the armed struggle can be justified, even though I dont like it. I dont like thefact that Irish men and women have to resort to force of arms. But I sincerely believethat the armed struggle would cause embarrassment and ridicule for the BritishGovernment throughout the world. This, I hope would force the British Government atsome time in the future to work toward a positive, radical and peaceful solution.


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Source E Views of a Catholic living in an area which was frequently attackedby IRA.

Source F Views of a Catholic who is a strong supporter of the IRA.


Both the Catholics and the Protestants suffer from the terrorist acts of the IRA. Theorganization thinks of nothing but itself. It cares not for what happens to others Catholics or the Protestants. Its only intention is to make itself powerful and popular.

Never would the IRA want to achieve peace. It simply is playing some political gamesagainst the people.

Where will we be if there is no IRA. We would be ill treated and forced to accept thediscriminatory policies of the ruling Protestants. This is not fair to us. The Catholicsonly have the IRA to rely on. The IRA protects us against the British and any otherforms of ill treatment.


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Recognising a good answer for Source-basedquestions

Sembawang Secondary School

Study Source A.Why do you think the cartoonist portrays the IRA in the way he does? Explain you answer. (6)

Performance Guide:

L1 Answer based on provenance / merely describes the source (1)L2 Misinterpret the source (2-3)L3 Interpret the source correctly (4-5)L4 Detects the message of the source (6)

Answer My guess Levelachieved

Remarks

AHe wants to show the IRA people carrying the coffinof their member. They are carrying the coffin ofBobby Sands. They are holding guns and saying Iwas afraid hed never die.

BThe IRA is a illegal organisation. Its aim is to get ridof the British from Northern Ireland. In order to doso, it has taken to violence and killed many people.Even innocent Protestants have been killed. It hasbeen recognised as a terrorist organization

C

He wants to put IRA in the bad light. He wants toshow that IRA is only concerned about its ownpersonal goal. He thus drew the IRA as a group ofpeople being very happy although their ownmember had died.

D

The cartoonist wants to show that IRA is a helpfulorganisation. He wants to show that it cares for itspeople. He thus drew the photograph of IRA soldierdoing the funeral rights of their member, BobbySands. They are also very happy he died becauseotherwise he would be suffering. Also, they aregiving him a deserving, grand farewell.

E

He wants to put IRA in the bad light. He wants toshow that IRA is only concerned about its ownpersonal goal. He thus drew the IRA as a group ofpeople being very happy although their ownmember had died.The cartoonists being an American, is anti-IRA and

probably wants to show that the IRA only caresabout itself and not the Catholics. The cartoonistthus wants to discourage the Catholics fromsupporting the IRA.

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Qn: 1bStudy Source B and C.How different are these sources? Explain your answer. (6)

Performance Guide:

L1 Difference based on provenance/topic (1)L2 Similarity OR Difference in content (2-3)L3 Similarity AND Difference in content (4-5)

L4 Difference in tone/purpose, supported (6)


Remarks

ASource B tells me that the IRA is a bad organisation. Itcaused a lot of death and destruction to Northern Ireland.The source also says that the IRA caused the Catholicsand Protestants to hate each other.Source C tells me that the Deputy President of Sinn Feinbelieves that armed struggle is justified. He believed thatarmed struggle would be an embarrassment and ridiculefor the British.

B

The sources are similar to a certain extent. Both sources

agree that IRA is involved in violence. Source B states thatthe IRA has made Northern Ireland into a place of bloodyshambles while Source C agrees by stating that Irish menand women have to resort to force of arms.

C The sources are similar to a certain extent. Both sourcesagree that IRA is involved in violence. Source B states thatthe IRA has made Northern Ireland into a place of bloodyshambles while Source C agrees by stating that Irish menand women have to resort to force of arms.Both sources are also different in that both disagree overthe use of violence. Source B states that the IRAs armedstruggle is worthless however, Source C states that armedstruggles is justified. This is seen in Source B where Moira

Dillon, a Catholic, says that the armed struggle makes theCatholic and Protestant hate each other while in Source C,the Deputy President feels that the armed struggle mightforce the British government to work towards a peacefulsolution to the conflict.

DSources B and C are very different. Source B says that theIRA is just bunch of crooks. Source C, however, mentionsthat the armed struggle would cause embarrassment andridicule for the British government throughout the world.

ESource B is against the IRA. It mentions that the IRA holdsup building or pub for protection money. It also writes thatthe IRA is just a bunch of crooks. Source C, however, is forthe IRA. It mentions that the armed struggle can be

justified.

FSource B is against the armed struggle. It thus mentionsthat the IRA has made Northern Ireland into a bloodyshambles. This shows that the writer is against the armedstruggle. Source C, however, is for the armed struggle as itmentions that the armed struggle can be justified.



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GSource B gives a negative view of the IRA and the armedstruggle. It states that the IRA and the armed strugglemake people hate each other worse than ever. Source C,however, gives a positive view of the IRA and its armedstruggle. It mentions that the armed struggle would causeembarrassment and ridicule for the British governmentthroughout the world.

H

Source B is by Moira Dillon who was held hostage by IRA

gunmen. As someone who was held captive by the IRA,she is giving a negative impression of the IRA and itsarmed struggle. She thus mentions, the IRA is just a bunchof crooks. As a Catholic, she probably wants to show thatthe IRA only cares for themselves and discourage theCatholics from supporting the IRA.Source C, however, wants to encourage more people tosupport the IRA. This is because, the writer is a politicalwing member of the IRA and he thus wants to justify theacts of the IRA by stating, I believe the armed struggle canbe justified.

Qn: 1cStudy Source D.Does the source prove that the Catholics welcome the IRA? Explain your answer. Explain your answer. (6)

Performance Guide:

L1 Describes the source; (1)Disagrees based on typicality / staged

L2 Invalid interpretation of source (2)L3 Valid interpretation of source (3)L4 L4 + raises doubts (4)L5 Cross-refer to check assertion (5)L6 Detects intention of IRA for such photographs (6)


Remarks

AYes, the source proves that the Catholics welcome theIRA as the photograph shows me that there are manychildren playing near an IRA member. The children arenot afraid as they are smiling and seem very happy to bewith the IRA member.

BNo, the source does not prove that the Catholicswelcome the IRA as it is only showing me the childrenbut not other Catholic adult with an IRA member. Theremaybe adults who do not like to be with the IRA member.

CThe source does prove that the Catholics welcome theIRA but only to a certain extent. The photograph maybe

staged by the IRA to show that they have the support ofthe Catholic. The children maybe also be asked to posewith the IRA member to show that the IRA is verypopular.



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DNo, Source D does not prove that the Catholics welcomethe IRA. The photograph shows that the Catholic childrenare playing happily with the IRA member who is armed.However, I know that not all Catholics support the IRA.This can been seen from Source B, a Catholic, MoiraDillon, comments that the IRA is not supportinganybodys freedom and that it has worsened therelationships among the people. Her feeling towards the

IRA proves to me that the IRA is not welcomed by allCatholics.

ENo, Source D does not prove that the Catholics welcomeIRA. The children are probably planning to mix with t heIRA soldier and confuse him. They could be doing thisbecause they want to help a friend who is a Protestant.The friend is probably hiding in one of their house. Bydistracting the IRA member, they could get the friend toescape. The friend will then inform the British Army whichwould come down and catch the IRA member. Thus, thechildren do not welcome the IRA member.

FNo, Source D does not prove that the Catholics welcomethe IRA. The source shows the Catholic children posing

for a photograph with an IRA member. They seem happyand smiling. However, this photograph could be apropaganda tool to win over support and give theimpression to the people that the Catholics welcome andsupport the IRA. This way, the IRA wants to win overinternational support that they are fighting a just causefor the Catholics.

Qn: 1dStudy Sources E and F.The two sources provide differing views of the IRA. Does that mean one of them is wrong? Explain your answer.Explain your answer. (7)

Performance Guide:

L1 Answer based on provenance details (1)L2 Answer based on source content (2-3)L3 L2+raises doubt on any one of the source (4L4 Cross-refer to check reliability of source(s) (5-6)L5 Propaganda, purpose (7)


Remarks

ABoth sources E and F give differing views of the IRA.Source E mentions that the Catholics suffer from theterrorist acts of the IRA. Source F, however, mentions

that the Catholics only have the IRA to rely on. I thinkSource E is more reliable and true as it is supported bySource B. Thus, Source F is wrong.

BSource E and Source F have differing views on the IRAand its effects on the Catholics. I think Source E is trueas it is supported by Source B which mentions, the IRAis a bunch of crooks. Source F thus is wrong.



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CSource E mentions that the IRA is not benefiting theCatholics as it mentions, the Catholics suffer from theterrorist acts of the IRA. Source F, however, mentionsthat the IRA is benefiting the Catholics as it mentions,The Catholics only have the IRA to rely on. Thishowever, is not true, as Source B by shows that the IRAkidnapped a Catholic who mentions that the IRA is notfighting for anybodys freedom. This implies that the

Catholics suffer and not benefit from the deeds of theIRA.

DI think Source E is true and Source F is not. Source F isby a Catholic who is a strong supporter of the IRA. Hewould thus only give the positive side of the IRA so as towin over more support for the cause of the IRA. Hementions, Where will we be if there is no IRA?Source E, however, is by a Catholic who is living in anarea frequently attacked by the IRA. He thus has firsthand experience of the conflict and thus wants todiscourage more violence so that he could livepeacefully. He thus mentions, both the Catholics and

Protestants suffer from the terrorist acts of the IRA.Though he is a Catholic, he is speaking against the IRAwhich claims to be supporting the Catholics. The sourceis thus more reliable than Source F.

EI think Source E is wrong. This is because, it mentionsthat the Catholics and the Protestants suffer from theterrorist acts of the IRA. This cannot be true as it is notsupported by Source F. Source F states that the IRAprotects the Catholics against the British and any otherforms of ill treatment.

F

I think Source F is true as it is by the Catholic and the

Catholic is saying the truth. The source mentions that theIRA protects the Catholics. This is true as I have studiedthat the IRA kills the Protestants and protects theCatholics. Source E is however by a Catholic too andthe person is saying that the IRA conducts terrorist actsagainst the Catholics and the Protestants. I dont thinkthis is true. Source B supports this idea as anotherCatholic is saying that the IRA is just a bunch of crooks.Both these sources cannot be trusted.



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THE BRITISH WELFARE STATE TODAY UTILITY & RELIABILITY 1

Study the Background Information and the sources carefully, and then answer allthe questions.

You may use any of the sources to help you answer the questions, in addition tothose sources which you are told to use. In answering the questions you shoulduse your knowledge of the topic to help you interpret and evaluate the sources.

BACKGROUND INFORMATION

Read this carefully. It may help you to answer some of the questions.

A welfare state is one where the government undertakes responsibility for thewelfare of its citizens through programs in public health, public housing,pensions, unemployment compensation and many others. One of the countriesrecognized as a welfare state is Britain.

The British government had set up the National Health Service (NHS) in 1948 toprovide healthcare for all citizens, based on needs. The service was providedfree to the people. It was recognised as one of the best health services in theworld by the World Health Organisation but there was need for improvements tocope with the demands of the 21st century. Before the introduction of the NHS,

many people could not afford proper health services. NHS, however, alsobrought with it some problems. For example, many people abused the systemby relying on it though they could afford to pay for the services.

Source A An article in Britain regarding the National Health Service (NHS).


Contemporary perceptions of the welfare state are depressingly negative. A

British Minister has commented that the welfare state is associated with fraud,abuse, laziness, a dependency culture, social irresponsibility encouraged bywelfare dependency.


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Source B A comment made on the New York Times.

Source C Comment made by a British government official to mark the 50thanniversary of the NHS.

Source D A comment by the British Minister of State for Health in 2004


We have more doctors and nurses than ever before and are shaping an NHSworkforce fit for the future. Recruitment and retention measures are working andincreased investment in training is succeeding too.

All of these developments contribute to a big overall improvement in the NHS;increased funding, more staff, new ways of working, shorter waiting times andreductions in deaths from heart disease and cancer. We are meeting thesechallenges head on but I know there is more work to do.

The NHSs 50th birthday should be a cause for celebration, not gloom. No longerdoes one child in 15 die before the age of 11, as was the case before the NHS

was created. A child born today in an NHS hospital is expected to live for 75years instead of 66 years in 1948. And, whereas poor people once feared to getsick, they can now call on the services of a doctor, anytime, without worryingabout mone .

Doctors, nurses, patients -- indeed everyone involved in Britain's socialized

system of medicine --say the 49-year-old plan has become so bad that words

like "deteriorating," "unraveling" and "no slack at all" are being used to describe

it. An aging population, more expensive technology and government funding

cutbacks have all helped drive the system to the breaking point.


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Source E A cartoon on the British Welfare System by a British cartoonist

Source F Adapted from the Ministry of Health Website in Singapore


The financing philosophy of Singapore's healthcare delivery system is basedon individual responsibility and community support. Patients are expected toco-pay part of their medical expenses and to pay more when they demand ahigher level of service. At the same time, Government subsidies help to keepbasic healthcare affordable.

NHS Queue


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Recognising a good answer for Source-basedquestions

Qn: 1aStudy Source A.Can you believe what the source says? Explain your answer. (6)

Performance Guide:

L1 Describes the source; (1)Disagrees based on provenance

L2 Valid interpretation of source (2)L3 L2 + raises doubts (3)L4 Cross-refer to check assertion (4-5)L5 Detects purpose (5)L6 Enhanced reliability (6)


Remarks

A Yes, I can believe what the source says. This is because

the source is stated by a British.

B No, I cannot believe what the source says. The sourcecondemns the National Health Service. It states, amongothers, that the National Health Service is associatedwith fraud, abuse, laziness. However, Source C saysotherwise.

CNo, I cannot believe what the source says. The sourcecondemns the National Health Service. It states, amongothers, that the National Health Service is associatedwith fraud, abuse, laziness. However, Source D saysotherwise. It praises the National Healthcare System andstates that there was increased funding, more staff, new

ways of working, shorter waiting times and reductions indeaths from heart disease and cancer.

DYes. I can believe what Source A says. This is supportedin Source B which condemns the National Health Serviceand states that words like deteriorating, unravelingand no slack at all are being used to describe it.

ESource A condemns the National Health Service. Itstates, among others, that the National Health Service isassociated with fraud, abuse, laziness. This issupported in Source B which also condemns the NationalHealth Service and states that words like deteriorating,unraveling and no slack at all are being used todescribe it.

FYes. I can believe what Source A says. The sourcecondemns the National Health Service. It states, amongothers, that the National Health Service is associatedwith fraud, abuse, laziness. Source B condemns theNational Health Service and states that words likedeteriorating, unraveling and no slack at all are beingused to describe it.



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GYes, I can believe what Source A says. Source Acondemns the National Health Service. It states, amongothers, that the National Health Service is associatedwith fraud, abuse, laziness. This is supported in SourceB which also condemns the National Health Service andstates that words like deteriorating, unraveling and noslack at all are being used to describe it.However, the condemnation of the NHS as stated I

Source A is not supported in Source D. It praises theNational Healthcare System and states that there wasincreased funding, more staff, new ways of working,shorter waiting times and reductions in deaths from heartdisease and cancer.The viewpoint in Source A is stated by a British Minister.Being a British Minister, he is supposed to support thegovernment programme of NHS. Instead, he condemnsit. Thus, it shows that he is able to have an objectiveviewpoint regarding the NHS system despite being in thegovernment. Therefore, this source is reliable.

HYes, I can believe what Source A says. Source Acondemns the National Health Service. It states, among

others, that the National Health Service is associatedwith fraud, abuse, laziness. This is supported in SourceB which also condemns the National Health Service andstates that words like deteriorating, unraveling and noslack at all are being used to describe it.However, the condemnation of the NHS as stated ISource A is not supported in Source D. It praises theNational Healthcare System and states that there wasincreased funding, more staff, new ways of working,shorter waiting times and reductions in deaths from heartdisease and cancer.

INo. I cannot believe what is stated in Source A. As thecomment is stated by a British Minister, he probablywanted to convince the British people to do away with theNHS. He stated that the NHS had not been successful asthe source states that contemporary perceptions of thewelfare state are depressingly negative.

Qn: 1bStudy Sources B and C.Sources B and C are giving differing views on the National Health Service. Does that mean one of them iswrong? Explain your answer. (7)

Performance Guide:

L1 They are different, one must be wrong OR Identifies differences, no explanation [1]L2 Both wrong / not wrong / right / biased or cant tell, just about different points of view [2]

L3 Making a choice based on the credibility of the provenance. Must deal with both sources and must be acomparative judgment (ie more or less reliable) [3]L4 Answer based on source content [4]L5 L4 + raises doubt [5]L6 Cross-refer to check reliability of source(s) [6]L7 Propaganda / purpose / cover up [7]



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Remarks

A Yes. Source C is wrong. Source B is from the New YorkTimes while Source C is from the viewpoint of the Britishgovernment. As Source C comes from a group which isan authority in the health issue in Britain, we can trustthat the person is giving the correct information. On the

other hand, Source B is from New York. They may notknow what is going on in Britain as well as their ownpeople. As such, it may not be accurate.

B Yes. Source C is wrong as it shows NHS being shown ina positive light. It states that NHS has been successful asit states that the people can now call on the services of adoctor, anytime, without worrying about money.However, Source B shows the NHS in a negative light. Itstates that NHS has not been successful in improving thehealthcare in Britain. Source B states that words likedeteriorating, unraveling and no slack at all had been

used to describe the system. Source B is supported inSource E which also shows NHS in a negative light. Itshows the people queuing up for very long hours whilewaiting for the doctor until one person even died. SinceSource E is supports what is shown in Source B insteadof Source C, this means that Source B is right whileSource C is wrong.

C Neither source is wrong as everyone generally hasvarying opinion on a certain issue. Since the two peopleare giving their own opinion, we cannot tell if any one ofthem is wrong.

D

Yes. Since the two sources are saying totally oppositeinformation, one of them must be wrong.

E Yes. Source C is wrong. Source B shows the NHS in anegative light. This is supported in Source E whichshows NHS in a negative light as it shows the peoplequeuing up for very long hours while waiting for thedoctor until one person even died. Since Source E issupports what is shown in Source B instead of Source C,this means that Source B is right while Source C iswrong.

FYes. Source C is wrong as it shows NHS being shown ina positive light. However, Source E shows NHS in anegative light as it shows the people queuing up for verylong hours while waiting for the doctor until one personeven died. Since Source E is supports what is shown inSource B instead of Source C, this means that Source Bis right while Source C is wrong.

G Yes. Source C is wrong. This is because Source Esupports what is shown in Source B instead of Source C.



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H Yes. Source B is right. It states that the NHS has notbeen successful in improving the healthcare in Britain.This is supported in Source E.

I Yes. Source B is right. This is supported in Source Ewhich shows the people queuing up for very long hours

while waiting for the doctor until one person even died.

J Yes. Source C is wrong. This is because Source Bshows the NHS in a negative light. This is supported inSource E which also shows the NHS in a negative light.

K Source B states negative things for the NHS whileSource C states positive things for NHS. So one of themmust be wrong.

L Yes. Source C is wrong as it shows NHS being shown in

a positive light. It states that NHS has been successful asit states that the people can now call on the services of adoctor, anytime, without worrying about money.However, Source B shows the NHS in a negative light. Itstates that NHS has not been successful in improving thehealthcare in Britain. Source B states that words likedeteriorating, unraveling and no slack at all had beenused to describe the system. Source B is supported inSource E which also shows NHS in a negative light. Itshows the people queuing up for very long hours whilewaiting for the doctor until one person even died. SinceSource E is supports what is shown in Source B insteadof Source C, this means that Source B is right while

Source C is wrong.

Besides that, Source C is probably intended to convincethe Britons about the success of the NHS since it isstated by a British government official and it shows theNHS in a positive light. Thus Source C may be intendedto convince the Britons to support the government in theNHS scheme. As such, since Source C is stated with aspecific intention, it thus cannot be relied upon. SourceB, on the other hand, is probably more objective as it isstated by the New York Times. This is probably moreobjective as the New York Times has no benefits to reapby condemning the NHS. Thus, Source B is more reliableand thus more accurate than Source C.

M Source B condemns the NHS while Source C praises theNHS. Source B states that the NHS has not beensuccessful as it states that an aging population, moreexpensive technology and government funding cutbackshave all helped drive the system to the breaking point.On the other hand, Source C states that NHS has beensuccessful as it states whereas poor people once fearedto get sick, the can now call on the services of a doctor,anytime, without worrying about money.



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NYes. Source B is probably wrong. Source C is stated by aBritish government official and it shows NHS beingshown in a positive light. It states that NHS has beensuccessful as it states that the people can now call onthe services of a doctor, anytime, without worrying aboutmoney. However, Source B is stated by the New YorkTimes and it shows the NHS in a negative light. It statesthat NHS has not been successful in improving the

healthcare in Britain. Source B states that words likedeteriorating, unraveling and no slack at all had beenused to describe the system.

Since Source C is stated by a British government official,who should be more knowledgeable in the issuespertaining to his country, he is probably more reliablethan the information in the New York Times as stated inSource B. Therefore, Source B has a higher likelihood ofbeing wrong than Source C.

Qn: 1cStudy Sources B and C.How useful is Source D to your understanding of the contribution of NHS in improving the healthcare of theBritish people? Explain your answer. (6)

Performance Guide:

L1 Useful or not useful based on provenance; describes the source [1]L2 Useful or not based on source content [2]L3 L2 + raises doubts [3]L4 Show gaps in info by cross-referring to other sources or contextual knowledge / background information

[4]L5 Show extent of usefulness [5]L6 Detect purpose, in context [6]


Remarks

AYes, the source is useful in helping me understand thecontribution of NHS as it shows people queuing up to gettreated by the doctor.

B Yes, the source is useful in helping me understand thecontribution of NHS as it is by a British cartoonist.

CPeople are queuing up to see a doctor

DYes, Source E helps me understand that the NHS hasnot been successful in improving the healthcare of the

British people as it shows a long queue waiting to see thedoctor. It is probably so long a wait that one of thepersons is dead.

EYes, Source E helps me understand that the NHS hasnot been successful in improving the healthcare of theBritish people as it shows a long queue waiting to see thedoctor. It is probably so long a wait that one of thepersons is dead. This lack of success of the NHS isfurther supported in Source B.



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FYes, Source E helps me understand that the NHS hasnot been successful in improving the healthcare of theBritish people as it shows a long queue waiting to see thedoctor. It is probably so long a wait that one of thepersons is dead. This lack of success of the NHS isfurther supported in Source B. Source B shows that theNHS has not been successful. It states that an agingpopulation, more expensive technology and government

funding cutbacks have helped drive the system to thebreaking point.

GNo. Source E does not help me understand thecontribution of NHS. This is because Source C says theopposite of what is stated in Source E.

HNo. Source E does not help me understand thecontribution of NHS. This is because Source C says theopposite of what is stated in Source E. It states that NHShas helped more people to get well. It mentions thatwhereas poor people once feared to get sick, they cannow call on the services of a doctor, anytime, withoutworrying about money.

I

Yes, Source E helps me understand that the NHS has

not been successful in improving the healthcare of theBritish people as it shows a long queue waiting to see thedoctor. It is probably so long a wait that one of thepersons is dead. This lack of success of the NHS isfurther supported in Source B. Source B shows that theNHS has not been successful. It states that an agingpopulation, more expensive technology and governmentfunding cutbacks have helped drive the system to thebreaking point.However Source C says the opposite of what is stated inSource E. It states that NHS has helped more people toget well. It mentions that whereas poor people oncefeared to get sick, they can now call on the services of a

doctor, anytime, without worrying about money.

JNo. Source E does not help me understand thecontribution of NHS. Source E shows that the NHS hasnot been successful in improving the healthcare of theBritish people as it shows a long queue waiting to see thedoctor. It is probably so long a wait that one of thepersons is dead. Source C states that NHS has helpedmore people to get well. It mentions that whereas poorpeople once feared to get sick, they can now call on theservices of a doctor, anytime, without worrying aboutmoney.



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K

Yes, Source E helps me understand that the NHS hasnot been successful in improving the healthcare of theBritish people as it shows a long queue waiting to see thedoctor. It is probably so long a wait that one of thepersons is dead. This lack of success of the NHS isfurther supported in Source B. Source B shows that theNHS has not been successful. It states that an agingpopulation, more expensive technology and government

funding cutbacks have helped drive the system to thebreaking point.However Source C says the opposite of what is stated inSource E. It states that NHS has helped more people toget well. It mentions that whereas poor people oncefeared to get sick, they can now call on the services of adoctor, anytime, without worrying about money.Despite that, Source E does help me understand theBritish cartoonists viewpoint with regard to the NHS. Itshows that he is probably not happy with the situation thecountry is faced with regarding the NHS and that it is notcontributing to the healthcare of the British people.

L

No. Source E is useless in my understanding of the

contribution of the NHS as it is just one source. Thissource shows that the NHS has not been successful inimproving the healthcare of the British people. Therecould be other sources that state that the NHS has beensuccessful in contributing to the healthcare of the Britishpeople.

Qn: 1dStudy Source F.Source F is not about the British Welfare State. Does it mean that it is useless to your understanding of aWelfare State?Explain your answer. (6)Performance Guide:

L1 Describes the source; [1]Disagrees based on typicality / provenance

L2 Valid interpretation of source [2-3]L3 Cross-refer to other source to show relevance / irrelevance of source [4-5]L4 Shows extents of usefulness based on L3 or L4 [6]


Remarks

A Yes. The source is useless as it talking about differentthings as compared to the other sources.

BNo. The source is still useful as it tells me that Singaporehas learnt from the mistakes of the British Welfare Stateand has improved on their system.

CThe source is telling me about the healthcare system inSingapore. It says that Singapore makes her peoplecontribute to their own healthcare system unlike Britain.



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DNo, Source F is not useless to my understanding of theWelfare System. Source F shows that they probablyhave learnt from the mistakes made in the British Welfaresystem. In Source F, it states that both the public and thegovernment are responsible for their health. It states thatthe financing philosophy of Singapores healthcaredelivery system is based on individual responsibility andcommunity support. This is probably to prevent the

country from being faced with people who are too relianton the government and thus cause the failure of aWelfare System as stated in Source A, socialirresponsibility encouraged by welfare dependency.

Even though they may be biased as it is from the Ministryof Health in Singapore and probably wants to convinceSingaporeans and the world of how good their welfaresystem is, it does help me understand how anothercountrys healthcare system function. It helps meunderstand that it has a different way of dealing with thehealth situation in the country.

E

Yes. The source helps me to understand about the

welfare system. It shows that they probably have learntfrom the mistakes made in the British Welfare system. InSource F, it states that both the public and thegovernment are responsible for their health. It states thatthe financing philosophy of Singapores healthcaredelivery system is based on individual responsibility andcommunity support. This is probably to prevent thecountry from being faced with people who are too relianton the government and thus cause the failure of aWelfare System as stated in Source A, socialirresponsibility encouraged by welfare dependency.

FThis source is useful. It shows that the healthcare inSingapore is being cared for by both the government andthe patients. It helps me understand that thoughSingapore looks after the welfare of the people, itrequires the patients to take care of themselves too.

GThe source states that both the patient and thegovernment in Singapore contribute to the well being ofthe patient. It states that the financing philosophy ofSingapores healthcare delivery system is based onindividual responsibility and community support.

HThis source is useful. It shows that the healthcare inSingapore is being taken care of by both the governmentand the patients. The source states that the financingphilosophy of Singapores healthcare delivery system isbased on individual responsibility and communitysupport. It helps me understand that Singapore does not

adopt the same Welfare State system as Britain. Itrequires the patients to take care of themselves too,unlike Britain, in which the government played a greaterrole in the Welfare of its people.



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INo. The source is not useful in helping me understandabout the Welfare system as it is from the Ministry ofHealth Website. They may want Singaporeans and therest of the world to think that they have provided a goodhealthcare system so that they will be convinced to getassistance in Singapore hospitals should they fall ill.Since they have a hidden agenda, they may not tell thecomplete truth. I think that this source is useless in

helping me understand about a Welfare State.

JYes. The source helps me to understand about thewelfare system. It shows that they probably have learntfrom the mistakes made in the British Welfare system. InSource F, it states that both the public and thegovernment are responsible for their health. It states thatthe financing philosophy of Singapores healthcaredelivery system is based on individual responsibility andcommunity support. This is probably to prevent thecountry from being faced with people who are too relianton the government and thus cause the failure of aWelfare System as stated in Source A and Source E.Source A states that the welfare system failed due to

people being too reliant on the government as it statessocial irresponsibility encouraged by welfaredependency. Similarly Source E also shows the failureof the welfare state but in this case it is due toinefficiency as we can see the long queue of peoplewaiting to see a doctor and the sign board stating that allour doctors are busy helping other customers.



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RELIABILITY & UTILITY PACKAGE 2

Study the background information and the sources carefully and then answer thequestions.

You may use any of the sources to help you answer the questions, in addition tothose sources which you are told to use. In answering the questions you shoulduse your knowledge of the topic to help you interpret and evaluate the sources.

1 (a) Study Source A.How reliable is Source A in depicting the Hindus as responsible forthe riots in India? Explain your answer. [6]

(b) Study Source B.Does Source B prove that the Hindus are responsible for the Hindu-Muslim riots? Explain your answer. [6]

(c) Study Source C.

Source C is by a Muslim on the Hindu-Muslim riots in India? Does thatmean it is biased and thus not useful to our understanding of theriots in India? Explain your answer. [6]

(d) Study Sources D and E.Both sources show that the riots had led to violence and bloodshed. Does

that mean that the Hindu-Muslim riot cannot be resolved? Explainyour answer. [7]

Who is responsible for the Hindu-Muslim riots in India?


BACKGROUND INFORMATION

Read this and study the map carefully. They may help you to answer some of thequestions.

The Hindu-Muslim riots in India have a long history behind it. The following time lineand map would assist you in understanding the issue better.

o 1528: The Babri mosque was built in Ayodhya, India. Some Hindus objected

to the building of the mosque, claiming that it was erected over an 11th

century temple marking the birthplace of Rama.o 1855: Hindu-Muslim clashes at Ayodhya claimed 75 lives.

o 1934: Hindus broke part of the Babri mosque wall and damaged its domes.

o 1949: An idol of Rama was installed inside the mosque. The government

proclaimed the location as disputed and locked the building.o 1983: A Hindu party, Vishwa Hindu Parishad (VHP) began a campaign to

build a temple at the mosque site.o 1989: Hindu-Muslim riots led to some 600 deaths.

(Background Information continued in next page.)


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Source A A cartoon published in a website by an Indian Muslim cartoonist.


o 1990: During a Hindu

chariot procession, some Hindusstormed into the mosque and 30were killed by the police.o 1992: a mob of 300,000

Hindus demolished the mosque.

More than 2,000 people died inthe resultant violence.o Jan 2002: Despite Supreme

Courts order, the VHP wanted tobuild a temple at Ayodhya.o Feb 2002: Communal violence

started when Hindus rioted againstMuslims in Ahmadabad, Gujarat inretaliation for a Muslim train attackthat left 58 Hindus dead inGodhra.


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Source B A Muslim who was involved in the Hindu-Muslim riots.

Source C View by a Muslim who helped a Hindu during one of the riots.

Source D A Hindu on the possible reason for the Hindu-Muslim riots.

Source E A Hindu supporter of the Hindu party VHP, on the attitude of some

Hindus to the Hindu-Muslim riots.

Students HandoutRecognising a good answer for


The Hindus killed my people. They destroyed our mosque. My blood is boiling. Icannot see these things and just keep quiet. If someone comes to your houseand steal something, you expect the police to do something. When you realisethe police is not doing anything, you have no choice but to take the law in yourown hands. The government has done nothing. If we do not teach them a lessonin a violent way, we would end up losing everything. We should show no mercy toany of them. To my people I say, come join me as it is still not too late.

India is a country of peace I thought. Now we have nothing but bloodshed. The

vast majority of the people here are not involved in this violence. We still livepeacefully in our areas. Both Muslims and Hindus have been helping each other.When the Hindu extremists create problems, I have seen Hindus helping to savetheir Muslim neighbours. When the Muslim extremists create problems, theMuslims have also helped to save their Hindu friends. I dont think there isanything wrong with the Hindu-Muslim relations. All these problems are createdby the politicians to create violence and also to win support for themselves. I hopewe, Hindus and Muslims, are not influenced and remain as united as we havebeen.

I do not understand some Hindus. How can you not be upset and moved by whatyou have seen. We cannot let others take advantage of us. We must stand for ourrights and we must uphold our religion. We cannot leave it to the politicians toprotect us. We all have a duty to accomplish. If I have to jump into the fire for myreligion, I will. Most of you I am sure would follow me but how about the small groupof others? I ask these cowardly Hindu friends would you dare to do likewise? Whythe hesitance? We need to stand up for our rights. The violence is the way forwardfor everyone, and every Hindu has a part to play in building a temple in Ayodhya.

A group of Muslims came to our village and started kicking and hitting all theHindus. I was spared as they realised I am a Muslim and did not want to beat me.However, many of these people who were beaten up were my very own Hindufriends. I was looking around to see if I could help and save someone. I saw one of

my neighbour, hiding behind a dustbin. I signalled to him to run into my home. Oneof the rioters saw him running into my home. Luckily, he chose to be ignorant andnot inform the rest of his friends. I cannot understand why we are fighting and killingone another. We are all humans and there is only one race the human race. Mostof us want to live in peace. I hope everyone could understand that. We would notwant to be part of politicians trying to win votes through this cause, do we?


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Source-based questions

Qn: 1aStudy Source A.Can you believe what the source says? Explain your answer. (6)

Performance Guide:

L1 Answer based on provenance / invalid interpretation (1)L2 Valid interpretation of source (2)L3 Typicality / Failed cross-reference (3)L4 Raises doubt from source details based on provenance (4)L5 Cross-refer to check reliability (5)L6 Raises doubt of source but no mention of outcome (5)L7 Raises doubt of source and detects outcome (purpose) (6)


Remarks

ANo, Source A is not reliable in depicting Hindus asresponsible for the riots in India. It states that the Hinduswere the ones who created the problems as it shows

Hindus with the ruins of the Babri Mosque, thus showingthat they are responsible for the riots. However, thebackground information shows that the Muslims werealso involved in violence. Thus, the source is not reliable.

BNo, Source A is not reliable. It portrays the Hindus as theones creating the riots as it shows Hindus with the ruinsof the Babri Mosque. This shows that the Hindus havecreated the riots by destroying the mosque. It is true thatthe Hindus destroyed the Babri Mosque as it is supportedby Source B which states, They (the Hindus) destroyedour mosque.

CNo, Source A is not reliable. It shows the Hindus carryingthe ruins of the Babri Mosque and thus implies that theHindus were responsible for the riots. However, as thecartoonist is a Muslim, he is probably biased and thuswould only want to show the Hindus as responsible forthe riots.

DThe source is not reliable. It is from a Muslim and thus isbiased and cannot be trusted that the Hindus areresponsible for the riots in India.

ENo, the source is not reliable as both Muslims andHindus should take responsibility for the riots. Thoughthe Hindus destroyed the Babri Mosque, the Muslimswere equally violent. They burnt a train and killed manypeople as can be seen from the Background Information.

FNo, the source is not reliable. It shows that the Hindusare responsible for the conflict as it shows that the

Hindus destroyed the Babri Mosque. This can be seenfrom the source which shows that the Hindus arecarrying the destroyed parts of the mosque. However,the Muslims were also responsible. This is supported bySource C which states, A group of Muslims came to ourvillage and started kicking and hitting all the Hindus.

GYes, the source is reliable. It shows that the Hindus areresponsible for the riots. This is supported by Source Bwhich states, The Hindus killed my people. The Hindusare thus responsible for the riots.



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HYes, the source is reliable as it shows the Hindus as theones who created the riots. The Hindus thus are carryingthe ruins of the Babri Mosque which they had destroyed.This is also supported by Source B.

INo. The source shows the Hindus destroyed the BabriMosque as they are carrying the ruins of the mosquewhich had been destroyed. As the source is from aMuslim, it might be biased and exaggerated.

J The source shows that the Hindus are responsible for theriots. This is true and reliable as it is supported by SourceB.

K The source shows that the Hindus are responsible as itshows that Hindus carrying ruins of the Babri Mosquewhich they had destroyed. This is supported by Source Cwhich states that a group of Muslims came and startedkicking and hitting all the Hindus. The source is thusreliable.

L No, the source is not reliable. It states that the Hinduscaused the riots as it shows the Hindus carrying theremains from the Babri Mosque. This, however, might notbe true. It is from a Muslim and the cartoonist thus just

wants to convince the people that the Hindus are theones who caused all the problems.

M No, the source is not reliable as it is from a Muslim. Hethus blames the Hindus for the riot by showing that theHindus are the ones who created the riots through thedestruction of the Babri Mosque as shown by the ruinsthe Hindu is caryring in a tray. The cartoonist is thustrying to justify that the attitude of the Muslims againstthe Hindus which was very aggressive. He wanted to winover international support against the Hindus in the BabriMosque issue.

N No, Source A is not reliable as it is biased. It shows thatthe Hindus destroyed the mosque as it has a Hindu

carrying a plate of ruins from the Babri Mosque. TheHindus are also carrying a lot of tools which could beused to destroy the mosque. The destruction of themosque by the Hindus is supported by Source B whichstates that the Hindus destroyed the mosque.

The source, however, is biased as it comes from aMuslim and only shows the viewpoint of the Muslim. Thecartoonist probably drew this to garner internationalsupport for the Muslims against the Hindus on the conflictsurrounding

Qn: 1b

Study Source B.Does Source B prove that the Hindus are responsible for the Hindu-Muslim riots? Explain your answer. [6]

Performance Guide:

L1 Answer based on provenance (1)L2 Answer based on source content (2)L3 Typicality / Failed cross-reference (3)L4 Raises doubt from source details based on provenance (4)L5 Cross-refer to check reliability (5)L6 Raises doubt of source but no mention of outcome (6)



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L7 Raises doubt of source and detects outcome (purpose) (6)


Remarks

A No, it does not prove. This is only a view by one Muslim.Another person might not think the same way.

BNo it does not prove. The source is from a Muslim. Thusobviously it would be biased and blamed the Hindus for

the conflict. It thus does not prove that Hindus areresponsible for the conflict.

CIt proves that the Hindus caused the conflict to a certainextent. This is because, it states that the Hindus killedmany people. However, to a certain extent it also showsthat the Muslims also used violence. The speaker thuswants to teach the Hindus a lesson in a violent way.

DYes, it proves. It states that the Hindus destroyed themosque. This is supported by the backgroundinformation which states that in 1992, a mob of 300,000Hindu destroyed the mosque. The Hindus thus destroyedthe mosque and caused the riot.

ENo, it does not prove. It mentions that the Hindus killedmany people. However, this is mentioned by a Muslim.As a rival to the Hindus, the Muslim would obviously putthe blame on the Hindus and portray the Muslims asinnocent.

FYes, it proves that the Hindus are responsible. This isbecause, it shows that the Hindus killed many people.This is true as it is supported by the backgroundinformation which states that in 1992, the Hindusdestroyed the Babri Mosque.

G The source is reliable. It states that the Muslims wouldlose everything. This is true because they lost the BabriMosque as mentioned in the Background Information.

HNo, the source does not prove. The source is by aMuslim and he is blaming the Hindus for the riot. He thusmentions that the Hindus killed many people anddestroyed the mosque. However, as a Muslims, he istrying to push the blame to the Hindus so that he couldassure the people that justice would be done by theMuslims.

INo, it does not prove. Though the source mentions thatthe Hindus killed many people, it does not mean that theyare responsible for the riot. As the source is from aMuslim, there is a possibility that it is biased. The writerprobably wants to win over the support of all the Muslimsto fight against the Hindus. He is thus calling on all

Muslims to join him.

JThe Hindus Muslim riot probably worsened due to thedestruction of the Babri Mosque. Matters became worseas Pakistan supported the Kashmiris against the Indiangovernment. To make matters even more problematic,both India and Pakistan tested nuclear weapons indessert areas in their countries. Before we know, theyare going to kill each other.



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KNo, it does not prove. How can the Hindus beresponsible. Looking at the background information andall the sources, we know that both the Muslims andHindus are responsible. We should stop blaming others.Is Bush or Saddam responsible for the Iraq War? IsOsama or Bush responsible for the Afghan attack?Nobody knows. Only God knows the answer.

L

No, it does not. The source mentions that the

government has done nothing wrong. The government ismainly Hindu and thus the Hindus are blamed. However,Source D mentions otherwise. Source D says that thepoliticians created the conflict to create violence.

MYes, Source B is reliable. It mentions that the Hindusdestroyed the mosque. This is true as the BackgroundInformation mentions likewise.

Qn: 1cStudy Source C.Source C is by a Muslim on the Hindu-Muslim riots in India? Does that mean it is biased and thus not useful toour understanding of the riots in India? Explain your answer. [6]

Performance Guide:

L1 Useful / Not Useful based on source content (1)L2 Useful / Not Useful based on Typicality (2)L3 Useful / Not Useful based on cross reference to check reliability (3-4)L4 Detects message of the source (5)L5 Detects purpose of the source (outcome) / enhanced reliability (6)


Remarks

A No, the source is still useful. It tells us that many peoplestill want to live in harmony. The Muslims and Hindus arethus helping each other. In Source C, we have evidence

of the Muslim who is trying to protect a Hindu who is introuble. Similarly, Source D states, Muslims have helpedtheir Hindu friends.

The speaker is probably tired of the conflict and wants towin over support from both the Hindus and Muslims to goagainst violence and establish peace in the country. Heis thus encouraging both the Hindus and Muslims to livein harmony.

BNo, the source is useful. The speaker is a Muslim andwould be expected to condemn and speak badly of theHindus. However, he is providing a balanced view andencouraging everyone to work towards peace by

rejecting the politicians violent means. His views thusshould be true and useful.

CNo, the source is still useful to us. It tells us that manypeople still want to live in peace. Thus we know that thepeople are tired of the riot and want to live in peace.

DNo, the source is still useful as it shows that despite theriot, the people are still willing to help each other. Thesource thus mentions that the Muslim helped the Hindudespite being a Muslim. The fact of Muslims and Hindushelping each other is true as it is supported by Source D.



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E Source C is useful as it is supported by Source D.

FYes, the source is not useful. It is not useful because theHindus destroyed the mosque. How can they do that?For Muslims, the mosque is very important. The Hindusshould have known that. How will the Hindus feel if theyare to see their temples destroyed? Would not their bloodboil until it explodes. Even now my heart is beating andbeating and beating. Everyday, every time, every night

someone suffers. Osama, Saddam, Hitler, Gandhi, andmany more. There is no stop and people are alwayscrying.

G No, the source is still useful to us. It tells us that the riotwas instigated by the politicians. The source thusmentions, We would not want to be part of politicianstrying to win votes through this cause. This is true as it issupported by Source D which states, all these problemsare created by the politicians to create violence and alsoto win support for themselves.

HSource C says that a group of Muslims came to ourvillage and started kicking and hitting all the Hindus. Iwas spared as they realised I am a Muslim and did not

want to beat me. However, many of these people whowere beaten up were my very own Hindu friends. I waslooking around to see if I could help and save someone. Ithink the information given is true.

IThe source is by a Muslim. It thus cannot be useful asMuslims would only provide a biased view.

JThis is only one view by one Muslim. He might feel thisway. However, another Muslim might feel otherwise inanother situation. Thus, the source is not useful to us.

KThe source is useful as it is by a Muslim who is providinga balanced view. He is probably trying to convince thepeople that the politicians cannot be trusted and havecaused all the problems. He also wants to encourage the

people to believe that the people in general want to livein peace and harmony.

LThe source is not useful as it is by a Muslims who istrying to convince and win over support that the Hindusare to be blamed for the conflict. He wants to garnersupport and win over international support for theMuslims in rebuilding the Babri Mosque.



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Qn: 1dStudy Source D and E.Both sources show that the riots had let to violence and bloodshed. Does that mean that the Hindu-Muslim riotcannot be resolved? Explain your answer. [7]

Performance Guide:L1 Can / Cannot be resolved, based on provenance / typicality (1)

L2 Can / Cannot be resolved, based on source content (2-3)L3 Can / Cannot be resolved, links provenance to source content (4)L4 Cross-refer to check reliability of either Source D or E (5)L5 Detects purpose of Source E (biased / typicality) to show it can be resolved (6)

L6 Can based on Hindu in Source D supporting the peace cause enhanced reliability (7)


Remarks

A No, the sources do not mean that the riot cannot beresolved. Source D states that when the Muslimextremists created problems, the Muslims have helped tosave their Hindu friends. This is true as in Source C, theMuslims signaled to the Hindu to hide in his home

against the Muslim extremists. Since there are peoplewilling to help each other, there is hope for peace.

Furthermore, Source D is by a Hindu. Though the Hindushave been hit by the riots, he is not talking bad about theMuslims. Instead, he is showing that the Muslims andHindus can live in harmony. Thus, the riot could beresolved.

BNo, the sources do not show that the riot cannot beresolved. They are by Hindus are thus only give theviews of the Hindus. The Muslims might do something tomake matters better.

C

Yes, the conflict cannot be resolved. Both sources are by

Hindus and both of them show that the conflict cannot beresolved as they show that violence and bloodshed hastaken place. This is supported by Source D which states,now we have nothing but bloodshed. Source E alsomentions, the violence is the way forward for everyone.These show that the conflict can never be resolved.

DThe purpose of Source D is to encourage the people tolive in harmony. He is trying to convince and win over thesupport of the people that the riot is caused by politiciansand that the people should fight for peace together.Source E, however, is against peace. The writer isconvinced that violence should be used and want to winover support from the Hindus to fight and defeat the

Muslims.



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E No, the sources do not mean that the riot cannot beresolved. Source E is by a Hindu who is very much forthe idea of the use of violence. He wants to encourage allHindus to join force with him and fight against theMuslims, through violence. He is thus biased and not allHindus might think a similar way as him.

FYes, the sources mean to show that the riot can never beresolved. Source E states, the violence is the way

forward for everyone. This is supported by Source Bwhich states that the Hindus killed a lot of people. Asviolence is repeatedly used, it is difficult to justify that theriot could be resolved.

G No, the sources do not show that the riot cannot beresolved. This is because in Source D, the Hindu statesthat some Muslims have helped the Hindus. This is trueas mentioned in the background information which statesthat in 1992 a mob of 300,000 Hindus destroyed themosque. The Muslims were not involved, so got hope.

HSource E states that violence is the only way forward forthe Hindus. It states that the politicians should not be leftalone to handle the riot. This shows that the Hindus are

very angry and would not agree to peace. This showsthat the riot cannot be resolved.

ITo a certain extent the sources show that the riot couldbe resolved. Source D, shows that the Hindu states thatthe Muslims and Hindus live in harmony. Thus, the riotcould be resolved. Source E, however, states that thepeople should fight for the cause and the Hindus shoulduse violence against the Muslims. This shows that theriot cannot be resolved.

JYes, I agree. The riot is not new to this world. In India, itis between the Hindus and Muslims. But just look aroundthe world. In Sri Lanka, it is between the Sinhalese andthe Tamils. In Northern Ireland, it is between Protestants

and Catholics. At home it is between children andparents. In Iraq, between USA and Iraq. In WW2, it isbetween Allies and Axis. Even in cartoons like Powerpuffgirls, it is between the criminals and crime preventers.These show that riot can never be resolved.

KNo, it cannot be resolved. The issue has been on goingfor a long time now. The riot started when the Hindusclaim that the location of the mosque is a holy place forthem. Then the 1992 demolition of the mosque tookplace. To make matters worse, the Muslims burnt thetrain carrying the Hindu devotees. This shows that theriot cannot be resolved.

LNo, the sources do not prove. Source D states that thepoliticians are responsible for the conflict. This is true asSource E mentions that the Hindus must support thepoliticians. It is further supported by Source C whichstates that the politicians are trying to win vote bycreating the riot. This shows that the riot can be resolved.

MYes, the sources show that the conflict could beresolved. This is true as in Source E the reliability of thesource is enhanced. We would expect a Hindu who hadbeen hard hit by conflict to ask for peace. Instead hewants more war and more violence. This shows that theriot cannot be resolved.



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Source-handling skills: A Quick Guide

Inference Skills:e.g. Why do you think the cartoonist e.g. What is the message of the source?e.g. What point the cartoonist is trying tomake?

How to answer:

Pick two inferences from thesource (if not possible, then at least one)

Support the inferences withrelevant support from the source (ifnecessary further clarify the support)

Detect the purpose and support (ifany)

Make sure you answer thequestion

Sample:Source A Comment by a Tamil in Sri

Lanka.

Study Source A.

What is the point about the Tamil Tiger thewriter is trying to make? Explain your answer.

The writer is trying to say that the Tamil Tigersare not for violence. He thus mentioned, theyare not here to cause damages or kill people.He also wants to show that the Tigers arethere to safeguard the Tamil. He thus states,The Tamils can rely on the Tigers to assist andsupport them.

As a Tamil, the writer is trying to convince theworld that the Tamil Tigers are justified in the

action. In the process, he tries to win overinternational support for the cause of theTamil Tigers.

Comparison Skills:e.g. How similar are the two sources?e.g. To what extent are the sources different?

How to answer:

Pick one similarity in content andsupport

Pick one difference in content andsupport

Pick one similarity or difference intone or purpose and support (if any)

Remember to use linking words

Sample:Source B Comment by a Sinhalese.

Study Sources A and B.How different are the sources? Explain youranswer.

To a certain extent the sources are different. Theydiffer on whether the Sri Lankan government wasfair. Source A portrays the Sri Lankangovernment as unfair as it states, The SriLankan introduced policies against the Tamils.Source B, however, portrays the Sri Lankangovernment as fairas it states, the governmentensured that all citizens are well taken care of.

The sources are similar as both sourcesmentioned that the Tamils suffered under theSri Lankan government. Source A mentions,The Sri Lankan government caused suffering

to the Tamils. Similarly, Source B mentions thatthe government introduced some policies againstthe Tamils which meant that the Tamils suffered.

Source A is from a Tamil who is trying to blamethe government and not the Tigers for the violencein the country. In the process, he is trying to winover international support for the Tigerscause. Source B from the Sinhalese, however, istrying to justify the policies of the government and


The Tamil Tigers are fighting for the rightsof the Tamils. They are not here to causedamages or kill people. The Sri Lankangovernment, on the other hand, hascaused suffering to the Tamils byintroducing policies against the Tamils.The Tamils can rely on the Tigers toassist and support them.

A government cannot make everyonehappy. The Sri Lankan government had to

introduce some policies against the Tamils.This was because during the British rule,the Tamils were given too many privilegesand the Sinhalese suffered. Thus, thegovernment took the measures to help theSinhalese. The government, however,ensured that all citizens are well taken careof.


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convince all Sri Lankan to lobby behind thegovernments actions.

Source-handling skills: A Quick Guide



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Reliability Skills:e.g. Can you believe what Source C states?e.g. Is Source C reliable?e.g. Sources B and C give differing views aboutthe Sri Lankan government. Does that meanone of them is wrong?

How to answer:

Pick evidence from the source Cross-refer this to anothersource/CK/BI to check reliability

Detect purpose of the source (ifany)

Make sure you are answering thequestion

Sample:Source C Comment by a Tamil in Sri

Lanka.

Study Source C.Can you believe what Source C says about theSri Lankan government? Explain your answer.

To a certain extent I can believe what SourceC states. The source states that The SriLankan government has introduced policies

which are against the Tamil. This is true as itis supported by Source A which states, the SriLankan government introducing policiesagainst the Tamils.

However, the source also mentions that thegovernment only cares about the Sinhaleseand not the Tamils. This is not true as it isnot supported in Source B which states thatthe government ensured that all citizensare well taken care of.

The source is from a Tamil and portrays thegovernment in a negative light. In doing so, itis trying to win over support for the actionsof the Tamil Tigers against the Sri Lankangovernment. Thus, I cannot believe thesource.

Utility Skills:e.g. How useful is the source in the understandingof the Sri Lankan government?

How to answer:

Pick evidence from the source

Cross-refer this to another source/CK/BI to check reliability (useful / not

useful based on reliability) Detect purpose of the source (if any)

Show extent of us

Make sure you are answering thequestion

Sample:Source D A cartoon drawn by a Tamil.

Study Source D.How useful is this source in your understanding ofthe policies introduced by the government?

The source is useful as it tells me that thegovernment introduced education policies

which were discriminatory to the Tamils. Thus,in the cartoon, the sword shows that only theSinhalese students are able to gain entrance intothe university. It is true that the Tamils weredisadvantaged as from 1970, the Tamils had toscore higher than the Sinhalese in order to getinto popular university courses likeEngineering and Medicine.

However, the source might have beenexaggerated in portraying the governmentspolicies as the cause of Tamils looking forwardto the Tamil Tigers as the only way forward.

This being drawn by a Tamil, probably wants toshow the government as cruel and thus winover support for actions against thegovernment.

Though the source is biased and exaggerated, Ithink it is still useful. It helps me to understandthat the Tamils portray the government as thecause of violence and thus support the TamilTigers.


The Sri Lankan government has

introduced policies which are against theTamil. This is meant to ensure that theTamils would never develop in thiscountry. The government only caresabout the Sinhalese and not the Tamils.


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Source D A cartoon drawn by a Tamil.



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Understanding Inference Questions

Some ways of asking inference questions

What does the source tell you about the conflict in Sri Lanka?

Why do you think the cartoonist drew this cartoon? What can you learn about the conflict in Sri Lanka from this cartoon?

Guides to answering inference questions effectively

Always start off by making 2 inferences and supporting them. Make the firstinference, support it with details from the source and do the same for the nextinference.

In the next paragraph, try and see if you could detect the purpose, if necessaryand if you could.

Inference made and the supporting details must be related to one another. E.g.The source says that John is strong. This is because it states, John is eatingapples. Here the inference and the supporting details do not match. This is acommon error made by pupils.

Where the link between the inference and supporting details is not clear, anotherline to further explain the supporting details will help.

Always answer the question if there is a specific issue raised in the questione.g. conflict in Sri Lanka, then your answer must be on that.

Why do you think the Prime Minister made this comment?Can you detect the strengths or weaknesses of the following answers?

1. The Prime Minister made this comment because he wants to show that ifSingapore were to throw out foreigners, there would not be regionalheadquarters here.

2. The Prime Minister made this comment because he feels that the foreigners areto be blamed for the difficulties the locals are facing. He thus mentioned, If Ichase a foreigner out, then this job will be mine.

3. He wants to show that foreign talents are important to the development ofSingapore. He thus mentioned, if there were no foreigners in Silicon Valley,there would be on Silicon Valley.

4. He wants to show that foreign talents are important to Singapores economy. Hethus mentioned that if the foreigners leave Singapore, there would be nomultinational corporations making chips and liquid-crystal-display screens here,40 per cent of whose workers are foreigners.

5. The purpose of this cartoon is to show that the Prime Minister wants to win oversupport against those who are not for the idea of recruiting foreign talents.

6. He made this comment to show the importance of foreign talents to Singaporeand win over support for the government policy of recruiting foreign talents. Hethus mentioned, if Singapore were to throw out foreigners, there would not beregional headquarters here, half of whose staff are foreigners.

7. He made this comment because as a Deputy Prime Minister, he has theresponsibility of clarifying the government policies and winning over support forthem. Here he wants to win over support for the recruitment of the foreign talentsby justifying that it was the right move. He thus mentioned, if Singapore were tothrow out foreigners, there would not be regional headquarters here, half ofwhose staff are foreigners.



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Understanding Comparison Questions

Some ways of asking comparison questions

How different are Sources A and B? How far are Sources A and B different?

In what ways are Sources A and B different?

How are Sources A and B different?(substitute the above difference with similar for another set of questions)

Guides to answering comparison questions effectively

It does not matter how the questions is asked make sure you give both: 1similarity and 1 difference from the source.

Use linking words like similarly. on the other hand, however.

Next, write on either tone or purpose.

For similarity, make a statement of comparison first. E.g. Both sources areagainst violence. Source A states . Similarly Source B state

If necessary, further elaborate the quote.

For difference, use linking words and make a statement before taking supportfrom the source. e.g. Source A is for the Tamil Tigers because it states Source B,however, is against the Tamil Tigers because it mentions

Just stating what the two sources are mentioning, is not comparison.

Comparison must have valid issue to compare. E.g. Source A supports the TamilTigers while Source B is about Singapore this is not a comparison.

Look out for simple comparison e.g. for vs against; support vs does not support;negative vs positive; pessimistic vs optimistic; - thus tone could be embedded incontent.

How different are the sources?Can you detect the strengths or weaknesses of the following answers?

1) Both sources are about foreign talents.2) Both sources are by Singaporeans.3) Both sources mention that Singaporeans are working in Singapore.4) Source B implies that foreign talents would not benefit a country. It states, some

of them are here only because they cannot do well in their own home country.Source C, however, states that foreign talents would benefit a country. It states, history should teach us that foreign talents have benefited rather than affectedthe development of a country.

5) Source B is pessimistic while Source C is optimistic of the situation of the locals

with the presence of foreign talents.6) Source B states that locals may have to accept lower pay due to stiff competition

for jobs. Source C, however, mentions that the foreign talents have benefitedrather than affected the development of a country.

7) Source B states that the foreign talents are here only because they cannot dowell in their own country. Source C states that foreign talents have benefitedrather than affected the development of a country.



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Understanding Reliability Questions

Some ways of asking reliability questions Can you believe what the source states of the conflict in Sri Lanka?

Do you think the source is reliable on the issue of the conflict in Sri Lanka?

Both sources are giving two differing views on the causes of conflict in Sri Lanka.Does that mean one of them is wrong?

Both sources are by Americans on the American-China spy plane issue. Doesthat mean that they are biased and thus not reliable?

Does the source prove that the Tamils are responsible for the conflict in SriLanka?

Guides to answering reliability questions effectively

First go for cross-reference (the practice below will help you on this).

Make sure you answer the question.

Then go for purpose again answer the question rather than merely stating thepurpose of the source.

Do the sources prove that foreign talents are important to Singapore?Can you detect the strengths or weaknesses of the following answers?

1) Source D states that Singapore is still young and needs foreign talents before itcould develop its own talents. Source E shows that Singapore could diversifyfurther with the incoming of foreign talents.

2) Yes, they prove. Source D states that Singapore still needs foreigners before itsown pool of talent and expertise can be developed fully. Source D also proves asit shows that Singapore could diversify further with the foreign talents andstrengthen its racial bonding.

3) Yes, they prove. Source D states that Singaporeans can learn from expatriatetheir skills and knowledge and, in return, teach them the local culture. This issupported by Source E which states that Singapore can learn from diversity whilethe foreign talents can learn the multi-cultural values of Singapore.

4) Yes, Source D proves that foreign talents are important for Singapore. It statesthat Singapore still needs foreigners and their expertise before its own pool oftalent and expertise can be developed fully. This implies that foreign talents canaid in the development of the local talents. This is supported by Source C, whichmentions that foreign talents improved the standard of the locals.

5) Yes, Source D proves that foreign talents are important for Singapore. It statesthat Singapore still needs foreigners and their expertise before its own pool oftalent and expertise can be developed fully. This is supported by Source C,which mentions this does not mean that the locals lost their interest.

6) Yes, Source D proves that foreign talents are important for Singapore. It statesthat Singapore still needs foreigners and their expertise before its own pool oftalent and expertise can be developed fully. This is supported by Sources A, Cand F which all say that foreign talents benefit the locals.

7) Source D proves that foreign talents are important for Singapore. It is supportedby Source C which mentions that foreign talents improved the standard of thelocals.



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Understanding Utility QuestionsSome ways of asking reliability questions

Is this source of any use to your understanding of the conflict in Sri Lanka?

Sources A and B differs in their views. Does that mean one of them is useless?

Both sources are from Americans. Does that mean they are not useful in ourstudy of the US-China spy plane conflict?

The sources only give negative views of the Tamils and not of the Sinhalese.Does that mean the sources are of no help in the study of the conflict in Sri Lanka?

Guides to answering reliability questions effectively

Reliability has to be checked in order to decide on the usefulness of a source a

source which is reliable / true will surely be useful. Thus cross-reference to checkreliability is necessary.

In most cases, there would be evidence in the source to show that it is only givenone side of the views or bias thus, show why it is still useful although it is bias. Theexample below will help you understand better.

Source F is not about foreign talent in Singapore. Does that mean it is useless inthe study of foreign talents in Singapore?Can you detect the strengths or weaknesses of the following answers?

8) No it is still useful. It tells me that local companies would work harder to wellequip their men in order to compete with the foreign talents. It thus shows a manin suit who represents a company providing new tools and training to his worker.

9) No, it is still useful. It shows a foreign talent equipping the local with training. Theforeign talent in suit is training the local with provision of new tools and training.The source shows that foreign talents are important as they equip our locals withgood training and skills.

10) The source is useful. It shows a man probably a worker, strengthening himselfwith new skills and training. This shows that foreign talents have contributed tothe development of local talents. This is supported by Source D which states thatforeign talents have improved the standard of the locals.

11) This cartoon is not useful to a certain extent as it is intended to win over supportfor the government policy of recruiting foreign talents. It wants to justify theexistence of the foreign talents and win over the peoples confidence that theycould still compete with the foreign talents through good training and tools.

However, Source B mentions that there are too many foreign employees inSingapore. Thus, it would not be possible to compete with them even with goodtraining and tools. Though this cartoon is biased, it is still useful as it gives us anunderstanding of the governments view that the locals still could survive withgood attitude and training.



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How to Cross-Refer

Question: Does Source B prove that the Tamil Tigers are not responsible forthe violence?

Step 1 : Detect evidence from Source B to check reliabilitye.g. No, the source does not prove that Tamils are not responsible for

the violence. It states that the Tamil Tigers are peace lovingpeople who do not use violence. This, however, is not true as it isnot supported by Source C.

Step 2 : Detect evidence from another source to cross-refere.g. Source C states, The Tamil Tigers destroyed many buildings and

killed many Sinhalese and Tamils.

The following attempts at cross-reference for the above question are failed attempts.

AVOID THEM.

No, the source does not prove. It states that the Tamils are not violent butSource C, shows that the Tamils are violent.

o There is no evidence from Source B

o There is no evidence from Source C

No, the source does not prove. It states the Tamils are peace loving people.Source C, however, shows otherwise.


No, the source does not prove. It states that the Tamils are not violent but

Source C states that the Tamil Tigers destroyed many buildings. The Tamils arethus violent.


No, the source does not prove. It states that the Sinhalese government is veryfair and did not cause the violence. This is not true as it differs from Source B which

states that the Sri Lankan government was biased and should take responsibility forthe conflict.

o This is a good cross-reference but not answering the question.



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Pointers:

Always make a matched cross-reference

Cross-reference to contextual knowledge must be to specific incident / event

You only need to take one evidence from the source and cross-refer to one

evidence from another source.

Where a source is partially reliable, take reliable evidence and cross refer;follow that by taking the unreliable evidence and cross-referring.



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YOUR ONE HOUR GUIDETO EFFECTIVE ANSWERS

Section A: Source-Based Case Study

No Question Answering Guide

Inference Skills1 Do you think the

cartoonist is for

or against the

Tamil Tigers?

I think the cartoonist is _____ the Tamil Tigers. This is because he

________________________

2 Do you think the

writer is a

supporter or

opponent of the

IRA?

I think the writer is a _________ of the IRA. This is because the source

shows/states ____________________. This means that_______.

The writer is a ___________ as he is trying to convince / win over support

garner support of _________. He wants them to ________. (apply star

approach). He cannot be a ________ because a _______ will not ______.

3 What is the

cartoonist trying

to show?

The cartoonist is trying to show that _____________________. He thus

states / shows ____________________________.

He is trying to convince / win over support / garner support of ________.

He wants them to __________________________ (apply star approach)



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No Question Answering Guide4 What does the

source tell you

about the

position of

Tamils in Sri

Lanka after

1970?

The source tells me that the Tamil _________. This is because it states /

shows ___________________________. This means that _____.

The source also tells me that the Tamil __________. This is because it

states / shows _________________. This means that ________.

5 What can you

infer from

Source A about

the Tamil

Tigers?

I can infer from the source that the Tamil Tigers are ________________

This is because it mentions / shows _________________.

I can also infer from the source that the Tamil Tigers are

___________________. This is because it mentions / shows

____________.

6 What does the

source say about

the United

Nations?

The source says that the United Nations _________________. It thus

mentions / shows ____________________________.

The source also says that the United Nations ________________. It thus

mentions / shows ___________________________.

7 What does the

source tell you

about the UN

upper sec revision package

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