upper limb.ppt

7/27/2019 Upper Limb.ppt

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Departement of Anatomy

Medical Faculty of North Sumatra University


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Muscle crosses joint Origin is usually proximal and insertion is

usually distal Origin is considered fixed in analyzing

muscle action Muscle action (concentric) is given by

movement of insertion relative to originacross joint

Remember: Sometimes insertion might be fixed Muscle may be active isometrically and

concentrically giving different real function duringreal activity


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Muscles of Scapula

If INSERTION onscapula, muscle movesscapula Trapezius

Rhomboids Pectoralis Minor

Serratus Ventralis

Levator Scapulae


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If ORIGIN on scapula, musclemoves arm

Teres Major Latissimus Dorsi (partially on scapula)


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Muscles originate on fossae of scapula

Help support open socket of shoulder joint Insert around ball of femur

Medial and lateral rotation of upper limb

Typical baseball pitcher injury

Supraspinatus

Infraspinatus

Teres minor

Subscapularis


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Region between arm and chest

Boundaries Ventral - pectoral muscles

Dorsal = latissimus dorsi, teres majorsubscapularis

Medial = serratus ventralis

Lateral = bicipital groove of humerus

ContentsAxillary nerves and blood vessels

Axillary lymph nodes Brachial plexus


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Posterior Compartmentposterior cord Anterior compartmentmedial, lateral cords

Name of cord is relative to axillary artery


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One posterior nerve

Radial n.

Three anterior nerves

Musculocutaneous n.

Median n.

Ulnar n.


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ANTERIOR POSTERIOR

NERVES M-C, ulnar,

median

Radial

MOVEMENT Flexion Extension

MUSCLES Biceps,

flexors

Triceps,

extensors

TWIST Flexors frommedial

epicondyle

Extensors fromlateral

epicondyle


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Bicepsanterior compartment, flexion (M-C n.)

Tricepsposterior compartment, extension (radial n.)


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Anterior Compartment Forearm--flexors

Flexor Carpi Radialis

Flexor Retinaculum

Medial Epicondyle

Flexor Digitorum Superficialis is deep to

other flexors

Flexor Carpi Ulnaris

Brachioradialis

Pronator Teres

Anterior View


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Posterior Compartment of Forearm--extensors

Extensor digitorum

Extensor carpi ulnarisExt Carpi Radialis Longus

Brachioradialis

Lateral Epicondyle

Posterior View


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ANTERIOR MUSCLES

M-C nerve Biceps

brachialis

Median nerve Forearm flexors

Thumb intrinsics (1M$ nerve)

Ulnar nerve

Flexor carpi ulnaris Hand intrinsics


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POSTERIOR MUSCLES

Muscles (radial nerve) Triceps

Anconeus

Brachioradialis

Carpal, digit extensors


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Dermatomesextend over limbs

Named nervesgenerally innervateskin over musclesthat they innervate

Frolich, Human Anatomy,UpprLimb


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M-C: between biceps brachii and brachialisMedian: medial/posterior to biceps,

branches into forearm flexors at elbow thento hand through carpal tunnel

Ulnar: medial in arm, posterior to medialepicondle of humerus (funny bone) downmedial forearm medial to carpal tunnel intopalm

Radial: deep posterior arm around lateralepicondyle of humerus to forearm (deep andsuperficial branches)


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Ulnar Nerve

Brachial Artery

Median Nerve

Ulnar Nerve

Median Nerve

Radial Artery

Musculocutaneous Nerve UlnarArtery


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Biceps + Tricepsbrachii Olecranon Process Medial Epicondyle Cubital Fossa Anterior surface elbow Contents

Brachial Artery Median Nerve

Boundaries Medial = Pronator teres Lateral = Brachioradialis Superior = Line between

epicondyles


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Carpal Tunnel

Carpals concave anteriorly

Carpal ligament covers it

Contains: long tendons,Median nerve

Inflammation of tendons =compression of Median

nerve Anatomical Snuffbox

Lateral = E.pollicis brevis

Medial = E. pollicis longus

Floor = scaphoid, styloid of

radius Contains Radial Artery

(pulse)


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upper limb.ppt

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