upper and lower respiratory tract infection. upper respiratory tract infection throat swab
TRANSCRIPT
Upper and Lower Respiratory Tract
Infection
Upper Respiratory Tract Infection
“Throat Swab”
Throat swap culture
• First step : Breath deeply.
• Second step: open mouth widely& push the tongue out& phonate “AAHHH”
• Third step:
insert the cotton swap through the mouth and rotate on the area of tonsil or both tonsil.
4th step: remove the cotton swap from the mouth, avoid touch the tongue, teeth…
5th step: transport the specimen to the lab as
soon (avoid dry)
6th step
take the swap under sterile condition, rotate it on the first quadrant of blood agar plate
7th step
# then do the streaking method by loop and stab it few times, then incubate at 37 c / 24 h.
# Search for hemolytic
ß hemolytic: Clear zone.
Streptolysin S
Streptolysin O (v. imp)
Streptococcus pyogenes
• Colonies of Streptococcus pyogenes on sheep blood agar.
• Notice: * Presence of b hemolysis around colonies
• * Enhanced hemolysis around stabbing sites
• * Sensitivity to bacitracin (Disk A)
Streptococcus pyogenes
• Pin point colony: (white or gray)
• Gram stain: G+ve, cocci, single chain.
• Catalase enzyme: differentiate between
Streptococcus –ve
Staphylococcus +ve
Streptococcus pyogenes
• Antibiotic susceptibility of S. pyogenes.
• Bacitracin Sensitive• Optochin Resistance
Haemophilus influenzae
• G-ve, blood lover, fastidious M.O. need:
• X factor heme extra & intracellular.
• V factor NAD intracellular.
• Best media Choclate
Haemophilus influenzae
• G-negative coccobacilli, typical of H. influenzae
• Grayish mucoid colonies of H. influenzae on
chocolate agar•
Haemophilus influenzae
• Shows phenomena Satellitism: growth on blood agar near a line of Staphylococcus aureus.
Haemophilus influenzae
Lower Respiratory Tract Infections
• Sputum Examination:
• Sputum: Trachiobroncial secretions, visco-elastic (95% water and only 5% solids) as it comes out, it is contaminated by nasal and salivary secretions and normal bacterial flora of the oral cavity.
Specimen collection
• In case of Adult: • 1- mouth should be
pre-rinsedremove contaminants.
• 2- first morning specimen, Good specimen <10 epith and >25 WBCs.
In case of children
• Nasopharyngeal swab.• Cough Swab method.• 1- the child mouth is held
open by using tongue depressor.
• 2- Epiglottis is visualized and is touched with swab to induce cough.
• 3- Material expelled deposited on the swab and cultured in three different media.
• * Blood media.• * Chocolate.• * MacConcy.
Macroscopic Examination
• Consistency and Appearance.
normal sputum is clear and watery.
• Color of Sputum: • Normal color is clear
and colorless.in case of infections
Color of Sputum
yellow (indicates pus and epithelial cells)=pneumonic+
• Staphylococcus aureus.
Green (pseudomonas)== Otitis.
Red (blood) TB.
Microscopic Examination
• Mycobacterium tuberculosis
• Acid fast bacilli
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
• Culture on Lowenestein-Jensen media.
• Yellowish colony on green background
Streptococcus pneumoniae
• Lancet-shaped, • G-positive
diplococci, • typical of S.
pneumoniae
S. pneumoniae
hemolysis on 5% sheep blood agar,
• typical of S. pneumoniae. Sensitivity to optochin is also demonstrated
Klebsiella pneumoniae
• Colonies of Klebsiella
pneumoniae on MacConkey agar,
• showing lactose fermentation and mucoid appearance
K. pneumoniae:
• IMViC reaction of K. pneumoniae:
- - + +
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
• Greenish discoloration of media due to production of pyocyanin by Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
• Results of oxidase test
Corynebacterium diphtheriae
• G+ve non motile, pleomorphic rod.
• Formation of pseudomembrane covering the mouth & pharynx.
• Can be severe and sometimes fatal disease.
Paragonimus westermani
• Adult worm in the lung.
• Hermaphrodite (both sex)
Paragonimus westermani
• Eggs in sputum : diagnostic stages.
Paragonimus westermani
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