upgrades of particle factories - lnf.infn.it filee+e- in the 1-2 gev range - september 2003 upgrades...
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e+e- in the 1-2 GeV range: -September 2003
1029
1030
1031
1032
1033
1034
1035
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005
DAFNE
ADONE
VEPP2M
BEPC
SPEAR
KEK B
PEP II
DORIS
CESR
VEPP4M
LEPTRISTAN
LUMINOSITY / TIME until 2003 e+ e- circular colliders
PETRA
e+e- in the 1-2 GeV range: -September 2003
1029
1030
1031
1032
1033
1034
1035
1 10 100
DAFNE
ADONE
VEPP2M
BEPCSPEAR
KEK BPEP II
DORIS
CESR
VEPP4M
LEPTRISTAN
LUMINOSITY / ENERGY CM (GeV) at present
PETRA
E (GeV)
The annihilation production cross section in e+e- collisions and the necessary integrated luminosity scale with Energy:
21 EL ∝∝∝∝∝∝∝∝σσσσ
Integrated luminosity by KEKB, PEPII and DAΦΦΦΦNE
0
50
100
150
200
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003
KEK LtPEP II LtDAFNE Lt
2000
1500
1000
50
0
fb-1 pb-1
-> factor 100
1
10
100
1000
104
2000 2004 2008 2012 2016 2020
KEK LtPEP II LtDAFNE Lt
105
104
1000
100
10
fb-1 pb-1
> 100fb-1< 1 fb-11ΦΦΦΦ
500pb-1< 10pb-12light quarks
>100fb-1< 1 fb-13.9ττττ
10ab-1~ 300 fb-110.6B
requested
∫∫∫∫ Llogged
∫∫∫∫ L
Ecm
GeV requested ∫∫∫∫L for next collider generations
e+e- in the 1-2 GeV range: -September 2003
1029
1030
1031
1032
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1034
1035
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1037
1 10 100 1000
VLLC
ADONE
VEPP2000
KEK B and PEP II
KEK BPEP II
CESR
DAFNE
DAFNEBEPCII
CESRc
Ecm
(GeV)
L (cm-2sec-1)
VEPP2M
LEPTRISTAN
PETRA
VEPP4MDORIS
SPEARBEPC
COLLIDERSFACTORIES
SUPER FACTORIES
PAST, PRESENT AND FUTURE
e+e- in the 1-2 GeV range: -September 2003
1032_2DAFNE2>10337.8 10311DAΦΦΦΦNE
1032_1 - 2VEPP2000103310312 – 5.6BEPC
0.15-1.3 10331.3 10333-10.6CESR10366.6 103310.6PEP-II10361.06 103410.6KEK-B
LfutureLnowEcm (GeV)
B-Factories
e+e- in the 1-2 GeV range: -September 2003
present status
1.06 1034 May03KEKB
6.6 1033 June03 PEP II
Design
super B factories
952476476509509fRF (MHz)2.354.82.07.84.1I - (A) 10.311.04.517.29.4I+ (A)70003400170050185018N bunches0.100.100.080.20.05ξξξξ
(v)
0.100.100.080.10.068ξξξξ
(h )
15100 - 4015θθθθ (mrad)
0.440.440.440.332εεεε (n rad) (v)
4444443333εεεε (n rad) (h)0.00150.00370.00650.0030.003ββββ* (m) (v)
0.150.30.51530ββββ* (m) (h)
100202.5 - 440-10010L (1034 cm-2s-1 )21992199219930163016C (m)8.08.09.08.08.0E - (GeV)3.53.53.13.53.5E + (GeV)
HyperSupernextHyperSuperPEP IIKEK-B
e+e- in the 1-2 GeV range: -September 2003
1034 PEP II
increase n. of bunchesincrease currents
feedback – substitute longitudinal kickeradd solenoids - ECI
MIA (correction algorithm)
2-4 1034 PEP IIlowering ββββy
increase rf powershortening bunch length
increase nb (4 nsec spacing) ->1700 (x2)small θθθθ
∼∼∼∼ 4444 mrad
e+e- in the 1-2 GeV range: -September 2003
1035 PEP II
Increase n of bunches x 2feedback upgrade (2 nsec)diminish beam asymmetry
lowering ββββy : nearer quads IPincrease N+ N-
increase εεεεxincrease θθθθ
∼ 10 mrad
−−−−++++==== EEEcm 4
++++
−−−−
−−−−
++++
====EN
EN
++++−−−− ≈≈≈≈ ρρρρρρρρ 10
101
44 −−−−−−−−++++++++
++++∝∝∝∝EIEIUo
2
2,5
3
3,5
4
320
325
330
335
340
345
350
355
360
7,5 8 8,5 9 9,5
E+ (GeV) Uo (a.u.)
E- (GeV)
e+e- in the 1-2 GeV range: -September 2003
1035 KEK-B
Increase n of bunches x4lowering ββββy
increase N+ N-increase εεεεx
increase rf power
vacuum chamber designrfshields
beam energy switch for ECI
Beam
SR Cooling water
Pump
LER arc section
e+e- in the 1-2 GeV range: -September 2003
0 0.5 1m
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e+e- in the 1-2 GeV range: -September 2003
Higher acceleration field scheme for 8 GeV e+
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e- Gun
DampingRing1.7-GeV
J-arc for e–
LER
e+ target
E(e–)=3.5 GeV, Q(e–)=10 nC to targetQ(e–)=5 nC for Injection
E(e+)=1.0 GeV
E(e–)=3.5GeV, Q(e–)=5 nC
E(e+)=8.0 GeV, Q(e+)=1.2 nC
Q(e+)=1.2nC
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2-Bunches for Simultaneous Injection1-st bunch -> e- Injection2-nd bunch -> e+ production
S-band accl. units are replacedwith C-band units.Accl. Field 21 -> 41 MV/m
e+ Damping Ring for loweremittance•
e+e- in the 1-2 GeV range: -September 2003
Layout of beam lines at IR
Half crossing angle : 15 mrad
Final focusing quadrupoles (QCS) locate at the position as close to the IP as possible.Pos. from the IP Super-KEKB KEKB
QCS-R 1163.3 mm 1920 mmQCS-L 969.4 mm 1600 mm
The QCS magnets are overlaid with the compensation solenoids (ES).compact & short in z
N. Ohuchi et al.
e+e- in the 1-2 GeV range: -September 2003
1036 PEP II
Increase n of bunches x 2 : 7000
frf x2 : 950 MHZfeedback upgrade (<1 nsec)
lowering ββββy nearer quads iPdecrease N+ N-
increase θθθθ ∼∼∼∼ 15151515
mrad
e+e- in the 1-2 GeV range: -September 2003
1036 KEK-B
Increase bunch current x 2(I+ 17A, I-8A)
same nb
b-b with crab crossing 0 crossing anglelower coupling
high b-b tune shift
θθθθx = 0 mradθθθθx = 15 mrad
w-s
Crab crossing
• Bunches are tilted by crab cavities.
Crabcavity
Crabcavity
Crabcavity
Crabcavity
Tiltedbunch
Effectivehead-on collision
finite crossingangle
Ohnishi - 1036 Workshop at SLAC, May 8, 2003
Crab cavity• Squashed cell operating in
TM2-1-0 (x-y-z)• Coaxial beam pipe +
HOM dampers• Designed for 1– 2A beam
• Squashed cell operating in TM2-1-0
• HOM damping using wave guides without coaxial beam pipe damper
K. Hosoyama and K. Akai et al.
Absorbing materialNotch filter
Absorbing material
Squashed Crab cavity for B-factories
Coaxial beam pipeCooling for inner conductor
(axial view)
inner conductor
"Squashed cell"
(K. Akai et al., Proc. B-factories, SLAC-400 p.181 (1992).)
New design for SuperKEKB, 10A beam
Present design for KEKBtest before 2005
super B factories
952476476509509fRF (MHz)2.354.82.07.84.1I - (A) 10.311.04.517.29.4I+ (A)70003400170050185018N bunches0.100.100.080.20.05ξξξξ
(v)
0.100.100.080.10.068ξξξξ
(h )
15100 - 4015θθθθ (mrad)
0.440.440.440.332εεεε (n rad) (v)
4444443333εεεε (n rad) (h)0.00150.00370.00650.0030.003ββββ* (m) (v)
0.150.30.51530ββββ* (m) (h)
100202.5 - 440-10010L (1034 cm-2s-1 )21992199219930163016C (m)8.08.09.08.08.0E - (GeV)3.53.53.13.53.5E + (GeV)
HyperSupernextHyperSuperPEP IIKEK-B
e+e- in the 1-2 GeV range: -September 2003
1032_2DAFNE2>10337.8 10311DAΦΦΦΦNE
1032_1 - 2VEPP2000103310312 – 5.6BEPC II
0.15-1.3 10331.3 10333-10.6CESR10365.2 103310.6PEP-II10369.7 103310.6KEK-B
LfutureLnowEcm (GeV)
ττττ-charm factories
ττττ-charm factories
21rings
1.510V (MV)
499.8500.0fRF (MHz)
0.91.18I (A)
9345N bunches
0.04 / 0.040.03 / 0.03ξξξξ
(h / v)
4.86.4Nb (1010)
1.51.0σσσσz (cm)
0.40.07φφφφ
(rad)
±±±± 11±±±±2.8θθθθ (mrad)
0.17 / 0.0020.22εεεε (µµµµ rad) (h / v)
1 / .0150.7/0.7/0.7/0.7/
0.0110.0110.0110.011ββββ* (m) (h / v)
11IPs
103L (1032 cm-2s-1 )
237.5768C (m)
1.891.88E (GeV)
in constructionoperatingstatus
BEPC II [3]CESRc[2 ]Collider
e+e- in the 1-2 GeV range: -September 2003
CESRc6 wigglers installed and in
commissioning Run @ 3 GeV since April ‘03
Other 6 wigglers will be installed in one year and CESR will run until 2008 at three energies between 3.1
and 4.1 GeV
e+e- in the 1-2 GeV range: -September 2003
1032_2DAFNE2>10337.8 10311DAΦΦΦΦNE
1032_1 - 2VEPP2000103310312 – 5.6BEPC
0.15-1.3 10331.3 10333-10.6CESR10365.2 103310.6PEP-II10369.7 103310.6KEK-B
LfutureLnowEcm (GeV)
Light Quark Factories
Light Quark Factories
0.250.12V (MV)
368.3172fRF (MHz)
0.450.20I (A)
301N bunches
0.014 / 0.0240.1 / 0.1ξξξξ
(h / v)
310Nb (1010)
1.13σσσσz (cm)
0.260φφφφ
(rad)
± 150θθθθ (mrad)
0.5 / 0.00250.136 / 0.136εεεε (µµµµ rad) (h / v)
1.5 / 0.0250.1 / 0.1ββββ* (m) (h / v)
12IPs
11L (1032 cm-2s-1 )
9724C (m)
1.1.E (GeV)design studyin constructionstatus
DAFNE 2VEPP2000Collider
e+e- in the 1-2 GeV range: -September 2003
Experimental testing of RCB should verify predictions on extremely high attainable space charge parameters for the round beams.
DAFNE2 (2 GeV, Frascati)Feasibility study
“Easier” luminosity than at ΦΦΦΦNaturally increase radiation damping and lifetime
b-b tune shifts / 2shorter bunch length (Ithrs *10) -> lower ββββy
roughly same L with I/2 and Nb = 3/5
hardware: dipoles, splitters, 20% of quads, IR
e+e- in the 1-2 GeV range: -September 2003
1032_2DAFNE2>10337.8 10311DAΦΦΦΦNE
1032_1 - 2VEPP2000103310312 – 5.6BEPC
0.15-1.3 10331.3 10333-10.6CESR10365.2 103310.6PEP-II10369.7 103310.6KEK-B
LfutureLnowEcm (GeV)
ΦΦΦΦ-Factories
e+e- in the 1-2 GeV range: -September 2003
DAΦΦΦΦNE
Restarting now with two solenoidal
detectors after a long shutdown
3 fb-1 by end 2005
L = 7.7 10 31
Φ - factories
0.2V (MV)368.3fRF (MHz)
1.8I (A) 100N bunches
0.027 / 0.043ξξξξ
(h / v)
3.6Nb (1010)2σσσσz (cm)
0.39φφφφ
(rad)
± 16θθθθ (mrad)
0.6 / 0.006εεεε (µµµµ rad) (h / v)
1 / 0.025ββββ* (m) (h / v)
1IPs> 1L (1032 cm-2s-1 )97C (m).51E (GeV)
until 2005statusDAΦΦΦΦNECollider
e+e- in the 1-2 GeV range: -September 2003
Super Φ factory
1033 attainable stressing present design1034 needs new ideas
Four beams• Why four beams ?
– Four beams is one method to compensate beam-beam effect to increase luminosity.
– The colliding bunches have neutral net charges and produce no beam-beam forces.
– This scheme was studied at DCI (Orsay) in ~1971(?).• Beam-beam limit was not significantly different from two beams. (G.
Arzelia et al.)
beam 2 e-beam 1 e-
beam 3 e+ beam 4 e+
8 GeV 3.5 GeV
collision
Ohnishi - 1036 Workshop at SLAC, May 8, 2003
Ohmi-Ohnishi et alKEKB
�We observe coherent motion in horizontal and incoherent motion in
vertical.�Stable region for tunes is very
small.�Vertical incoherent motion seems
to be correlated with horizontal coherent dipole motion.
�Feedback system may help to damp coherent dipole motions.
�Beam-beam compensation is not so good compared with four beams. ( Quadrupole and octupole motions
near resonance )
e+e- in the 1-2 GeV range: -September 2003
negative momentum compaction
ring against linac
monochromators
…