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Update on the Coffee Leaf Rust Research Centre CIFC Centro de Inves,gação das Ferrugens do Cafeeiro ICO (PSCB). 41 th mee’ng 2 October 2015. Milan Vítor Várzea Coffee Leaf Rust CLR Coffee Berry Disease CBD

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Page 1: Update’on’the’Coffee’Leaf’Rust’Research’Centre’ ’CIFC’ · PDF fileUpdate’on’the’Coffee’Leaf’Rust’Research’Centre’ ’CIFC ... !World*survey*of*physiologic*races

Update  on  the  Coffee  Leaf  Rust  Research  Centre    CIFC  

Centro  de  Inves,gação  das  Ferrugens  do  Cafeeiro  

ICO  (PSCB).  41thmee'ng  2  October  2015.  Milan  

Vítor  Várzea  

Coffee  Leaf  Rust  -­‐  CLR   Coffee  Berry  Disease  -­‐  CBD  

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Labs   Greenhouses  

More  than  3.000m2  of  heated  greenhouses  

CIFC    The  importance  of  coffee  leaf  rust  as  a  threat  to  world  produc'on  led,  in  1955,  the  Governments  of  the  USA  and  Portugal  (Agreement  FO-­‐PO-­‐5,  Project  D.  O.  A.  72-­‐11-­‐004)  to  provide  for  the  founda'on  of  CIFC  in  Portugal  

ICO  (PSCB).  41thmee'ng  2  October  2015.  Milan  

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Labs   Greenhouses  

More  than  3.000m2  of  heated  greenhouses  

CIFC    Subsequent  to  IICT’s  recent  liquida'on,  the  CIFC  was  integrated  in  the  Ins'tute  

of  Agronomy  of  the  University  of  Lisbon,  in  August  2015.  

ICO  (PSCB).  41thmee'ng  2  October  2015.  Milan  

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CIFC’s  main  objecIves  To  provide  a  centre  for  interna'onal  coopera'on  on  CLR  research  and  pre-­‐breeding  outside  the  coffee  growing  regions  and  so  avoid  inadvertently  

spreading  of  new  virulent  races  to  coffee  countries  

ICO  (PSCB).  41thmee'ng  2  October  2015.  Milan  

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Some  of  these  coffee  plants  were  used  as  sources  of  resistance  to  coffee  leaf  rust  (CLR)  

A  decisive  step  forward  in  the  research  programme  of  the  CIFC  was  the  discovery  of  the  Timor  Hybrid  ,  a  popula'on  in  which  most  of  the  plants  

showed  resistance  to  all  the  known  rust  races    

ICO  (PSCB).  41thmee'ng  2  October  2015.  Milan  

The  discovery  of  Timor  Hybrid  (HDT)  

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CATIMOR  and  SARCHIMOR  were  used  to  replace  the  tradi'onal  suscep'ble  Arabica  coffee  cul'vars  in  many  coffee  growing  countries  

Variety  Caturra  x  Timor  Hybrid  =  Popula'on  “CATIMOR”    

Variety  Villa  Sarchi  x  Timor  Hybrid  =  Popula'on  “SARCHIMOR”  

ICO  (PSCB).  41thmee'ng  2  October  2015.  Milan  

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Both  HDT  and  its  deriva'ves  as  well  as  all  the  available  coffee  materials  of  CIFC  have  been  provided  free  of  charge  to  all  the  coffee  growing  countries  of  the  world  

ICO  (PSCB).  41thmee'ng  2  October  2015.  Milan  

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Papua  New  Guinea  

CATIMOR

Panamá  

MIDA  96  

Malawi  

CATIMOR

Brazil  

IBC-­‐PALMA  1  e  2  

CANÁRIO  

SABIÁ  

OEIRAS  

OBATÃ  

TUPI  

IAPAR  59  

IPR  97  

IPR  98  

IPR  99  

IPR  104  

IPR  107  

IPR  108  

SARCHIMOR  

CATIMOR  

More  than  90%  of  Arabica  coffee  culIvars  resistant  to  rust  grown  in  different  coffee  growing  countries  were  created  with  the  help  of  studies  carried  out  at  CIFC  

Honduras  IHCAFE  90  

LEMPIRA  98  

India  

CHANDRAGIRI

CAUVERY

Costa  Rica  

COSTA RICA 95  

SARCHIMOR

Guatemala  

CATIMOR

Kenya  

RUIRU 11

CATIMOR 88

Colombia  COLOMBIA

TABI

CASTILLO

Mexico  

ORO  AZTECA  

Vietnam  

CATIMOR

China  

CATIMOR

Thailand  

CATIMOR

Philippines  

CATIMOR

Tanzania  

CATIMOR

Zimbabwe  

CATIMOR

C   I   F   C  

ICO  (PSCB).  41thmee'ng  2  October  2015.  Milan  

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Coffee  Berry  Disease  -­‐  CBD  

Colletotrichum  kahawae  

ICO  (PSCB).  41thmee'ng  2  October  2015.  Milan  

hep://www.ausfuhrkontrolle.info/bafa/en/export_control/legislaIon/export_control_cwc_p_war_weapons_list.pdf  

(biological  weapon)  

CBD  

CBD   is   s'll   restricted   to   Africa   but   is   a   threat   to   certain   high-­‐al'tude  coffee  areas  of  LaIn  America  and  Asia.    

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>  80%  crop  loss  due  to  CBD  possible  during  wet  years  

CIFC  started  research  on  CBD  in  1989  in  support  of  breeding  programmes  of  Arabica  coffee  in  Africa  and  La'n  America  

CBD  was  recorded  for  the  first  ,me  in    Kenya  in  1922  

ICO  (PSCB).  41thmee'ng  2  October  2015.  Milan  

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CBD  Rust  

Chemical  control  to  Rust  and  CBD,  >  40%  of  field  produc'on  costs  ICO  (PSCB).  41thmee'ng  2  October  2015.  Milan  

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H.  vastatrix      

C.  kahawae  

Coffea  spp.  

CIFC  has  unique  collecIons  of  germplasm  

ICO  (PSCB).  41thmee'ng  2  October  2015.  Milan  

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CIFC  main  acIviIes  InternaIonal  co-­‐operaIon  to  develop  coffee  culIvars  with  

resistance  to  the  main  diseases    Ø World  survey  of  physiologic  races  (characterized  more  than  50  rust  races)  Ø Screening  for  coffee  resistance    to  CLR  and  CBD  Ø Training  of  coffee  pathologists  and  breeders  (short  term,  MSc  and  PhD)  

ICO  (PSCB).  41thmee'ng  2  October  2015.  Milan  

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Ø  Iden'fica'on  of  molelular  markers  associated    

with    specific  H.  vastatrix  and  C.  kahawae    

pathotypes    

Ø  Iden'fica'on  of  key  mechanisms  of  coffee  

resistance  to  H.  vastatrix  and    

 C.  kahawae,  through  a  cytological,  proteomic,  

metabolomic  and  transcriptomic  approach    

Ø  Cellular  and  molecular  basis  of    

 H.  vastatrix    and  C.  kahawae  pathogenicity  

Fundamental  Research:  

ICO  (PSCB).  41thmee'ng  2  October  2015.  Milan  

CollaboraIons:  IRD,  CIRAD  and  INRA  (France),  Universi'es  of  Bedfordshire  (UK),    Hohenheim  (Germany),  UC  Davis  (USA)  

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SCENARIO  Control  of  CLR  by  resistant  varieIes  

Ø  The  majority  of  resistant  varie'es  currently  grown  are  deriva'ves  of  HDT  (Ca'mor,  Sarchimor,  etc)  

Ø  The  resistance  of  many  varie'es,  in  different  countries  already  overcome  by  new  rust  races  

Ø  During  the  last  years  CIFC  iden'fied  highly  virulent  rust  races  capable  of  ahacking  all  the  sources  of  resistance  used  so  far  to  develop  resistant  varie'es  (Ca'mor,  Sarchimor,  etc.  )  

Future  ?  We  predict  that  in  the  next  decade  almost  all  the  resistant  varie'es  currently  grown  (eg.  Ca'mors  and  Sarchimors)  will  become  suscep'ble.    In  some  regions  this  phenomenon  will  be  faster  and  it  depends  also  on  the  extent  of  cul'vated  area.    

This  is  an  issue  of  great  concern  !  ICO  (PSCB).  41thmee'ng  2  October  2015.  Milan  

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What  can  be  done  by  CIFC  ?    

ICO  (PSCB).  41thmee'ng  2  October  2015.  Milan  

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Ø World  survey  of  physiologic  races  (unique  rust  races  collec'on  in  the  world)  

Ø Screening  for  coffee  resistance  Ø Training  of  coffee  pathologists  and  breeders  (short  term,  MSc  and  PhD)  

ICO  (PSCB).  41thmee'ng  2  October  2015.  Milan  

CIFC  should  conInue  to  develop  pragmaIc  acIviIes  !    

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ICO  (PSCB).  41thmee'ng  2  October  2015.  Milan  

The  pragmaIc  acIviIes    of  CIFC  Ø  are  fundamental  to  develop  new  strategies  to  achieve  sustainable  Arabica  

coffee  produc'on  based  on  durable  resistance  to  CLR    

Ø  to  go  ahead  with  a  combina'on  of  advanced  genomic  and  conven'onal  breeding  research  

 

Ø  to  develop  collabora'on  with  renown  centres  of  plant  genomics  research  (eg.  WUR,  IRD/CIRAD)  in    projects  to  achieve  durable  resistance  to  CLR  

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ICO  (PSCB).  41thmee'ng  2  October  2015.  Milan  

Ø  Previously  financed  almost  exclusively  by  Portugal  which  does  not  produce  coffee  

 

Ø No  more  financial  support  by  the  Portuguese  Government    for  CIFC  ac'vi'es,  except  for  staff  salaries,  since  2015  

 

Ø  Contract  research  with  coffee  growing  countries  is  now  also  negligible  

Present  situaIon  of  CIFC  

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ICO  (PSCB).  41thmee'ng  2  October  2015.  Milan  

Finances  required  to  restore  CIFC’s  funcIoning  Ø  Total    annual  budget  should  be  around  €  770,000  Ø  Expected  contribu'on  from  Portuguese  Govt.  is  about  €  270,000  for  

salaries  of  permanent  staff  Ø  Urgent  request  to  the  coffee  industry  and  other  stakeholders  to  finance  

the  remaining  costs  of  running  the  CIFC  (€  500,000)  

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INSTITUTO  SUPERIOR  DE  AGRONOMIA  Universidade  de  Lisboa  

Centro  de  Inves,gação  das  Ferrugens  do  Cafeeiro  CIFC  

Vítor    Várzea  

[email protected]  

www.isa.ulisboa.pt/cifc