update on pfas in michigan and best practices for industry

Update on PFAS in Michigan and BestPractices for IndustryJohn CuthbertsonLucy Pugh

Michigan Chemistry Council 2018 Annual Conference 2

Use of PFAS

Chemicals andPharmaceuticals ElectronicsAerospace Apparel Building and

Construction

Aqueous FilmForming Foam SemiconductorsOil & Gas Energy Healthcare and

Hospitals


Fluorinated Chemistry Overview

Carbon-fluorine bonds:– The H is replaced with a F

– Very strong, inert

– Resists thermal, chemical, and biological degradation

– Surfactant, reduced surface tension

– Hydrophobic(repels water) and oleophobic (repels oil/fat/grease)

HydrophilicHydrophobic

Michigan Chemistry Council 2018 Annual Conference

• Electrochemical Fluorination (ECF) – 3M• Fluorotelomerization (FT) – Pure1940s-2002

• ECF – Converted to Short Chain (PFOS - PFBS)• FT – Remained Long Chain2002-2015

• ECF –Short Chain• FT – Converted to Short Chain (PFOA - GenX)2015-2018

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PFAS Manufacturing Practices


Potential PFAS Sources

Land ApplicationRefineries Emergency Response Wastewater TreatmentPlants

Metal Plating Various Manufacturing Landfills and WasteDisposal Areas Pulp & Paper


•Coatings

•Paint

•Surface Treatments

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PFAS Sources in Painting and Coating Products


PFAS Use in Automotive Industry

EngineØ Gaskets

Ø O-Rings

Ø Engine Oil Coolers

Ø Various Seals

Ø PTFE Bearings

Ø Back-up Rings

Ø Valve Packings

Ø Gaskets

InteriorsØ Carpets

Ø Seats

Fuel SystemsØ Seals

Ø Oil Coolers

Ø Valve Bodies

Ø Liquid and VaporLines

Ø Fuel Tanks

Ø Filler Necks

Ø Connectors

Ø Oxygen Sensors

Steering andBreak SystemsØ Shock Absorbers

Ø Brake Pad Additives

Ø Various Seals

Ø PTFE Bearings

Ø Column Adjustment


Increasing Awareness


–Department of Defense (DoD)

–Refineries

–Paper Mills

–Various Manufacturing

–Wastewater Treatment Plants

–Landfills

–Plastic Manufacturers

–Chrome Platers

–Car Manufacturers / Suppliers

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Michigan PFAS Sites


MDEQ - 11,000 Potential PFAS Sites


o Initial screening for potential

PFAS sources

o Perform source monitoring

o Reduce/Eliminate PFOS and

PFOA sources

o Evaluate impacts on the

WWTP

o Submit reports

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Michigan Industrial Pretreatment Program (IPP)


IPP Case Study - Former Chrome Plater


Michigan PFAS Public Water Supplies Sampling

• 1,400 Community Water Supplieso Municipalitieso Apartmento Complexeso Subdivisionso Condominiums, etc.

• 460 Schools

• 10 Tribal Entities

• 75 % of Michigan Residents


Case Study - Paper Mill


1,024 89 30 4

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Michigan PFAS PWS Results Summary

Non-Detect Total PFAS < 10pptTotal PFAS > 10ppt

PFOS+PFOA≥ 10 to ≤ 70 ppt

PFOS+PFOA > 70ppt

• 1,147 Results / 854 Individual Facilities


Challenges

qAnalytical MethodologyqWhich method to runqWhat lab to useqList of constituentsqCost of analysisqTurnaround timesqSampling ProceduresqInvestigation Paradigm ShiftqReopeners


–Groundwater• Spills• Firefighting• Firefighting practice drills• Leaking piping systems

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Environmental Impacts to Groundwater


Environmental Impacts to Wastewater

–Wastewater• Partitioning to solids• Effluent discharge to surface water• Effluent discharge to municipal sewer

oMunicipal wastewater treatment effluentoMunicipal wastewater treatment plant

biosolids


–Airborne discharges• Incinerators• Cooling towers• Air strippers

–Waste• Landfill leachate

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Environmental Impacts - Other


PFAS Emissions at a Manufacturing Facility CSM

ITRC, 2018


Treatment Challenges - Separation Technologies

ChemicalRegeneration

(Reusable)

ConcentratedWaste

Incineration ($)

Resins (+)

GAC

WasteDisposal

ReverseOsmosis orNanofiltration

Reactivation Potential Reuse

Ion Exchange

Granular ActivatedCarbon

Concentrated Waste


Treatment Challenges – Destructive Technologies

Sonolysis (Ultrasonic)Electrochemical Oxidation

PlasmaAdvanced Oxidation


–The desirable properties of PFAS make them difficult and expensive to removefrom environmental media such as soil, groundwater and wastewater.

–Groundwater and wastewater discharges to surface or groundwater must meetregulatory standards for PFOS and PFOA; limits for additional PFAS constituentsmay be enforced in the future.

–Municipal wastewater treatment plants are unlikely to provide treatment for PFOAand PFOS.• New industrial pretreatment requirements will be developed and enforced.• Industry will be responsible to meet requirements for wastewater discharge.• Municipality may seek restitution for past impacts to biosolids.

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In Summary


–Historical PFAS uses?–Are PFAS present/used at my facility?

• Do they have potential to impact the environment?oSpillsoWastewateroWasteoAir

• Can substitutes be used?• Can PFAS be isolated for separate handling?

oMay be less expensive to handle lower volumesoOff-site destructionoOn-site treatment

–Will PFAS in my products have potential to impact my customers’ operations?24

Think About . . .


Thank You!John M. Cuthbertson, C.P.G.Central Region PFAS Practice Lead

o Grand Rapids, MIo (616) 481-4009o [email protected]

Lucy Pugh, P.E., BCEEIndustrial Water and Wastewater Technical Practice Leader

o Grand Rapids, MIo (616) 450-0127o [email protected]

update on pfas in michigan and best practices for industry

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