update of rosacea · • azelaic acid gel 15%/ 20% lotion/ cream/ foam • benzoyl peroxide/...
TRANSCRIPT
-
15/09/2016
1
• Dr Samantha Eisman
• Dermatologist Sinclair Dermatology• MBChB MRCP(UK) FCDerm(SA) FACD
Update of Rosacea
• Sinclair Dermatology • Professor Rod Sinclair
Acknowledgment ‐ photographs
• Chronic skin disorder of vascular origin• Skin of central face (convexities)• Woman• Skin type I and II
• Prevalence 0,5%‐22%• 1,78 Million in Australia• Low self esteem
Rosacea‐ definition
-
15/09/2016
2
Pathogenesis
Increased vascularity
InflammationAround vessels
ROSACEA
Clinical Signs
Increased vascularity
InflammationAround vessels
ROSACEA Disrupts barrier/ papules/ pustules
Flush/ erythema/Dilated capillaries
Pathogenesis
Increased vascularity
InflammationAround vessels
genetic
ROSACEA
-
15/09/2016
3
Pathogenesis
Increased vascularity
InflammationAround vessels
genetic EnvironmentalDietary triggerDrugs/Disease
ROSACEA
Pathogenesis
Increased vascularity
InflammationAround vessels
genetic EnvironmentalDietary triggerDrugs/Disease
infection
ROSACEA
Pathogenesis
Increased vascularity
InflammationAround vessels
genetic EnvironmentalDietary triggerDrugs/Disease
infection
ROSACEA
Dysregulation innate immunity‐increase toll‐like R‐2‐increase cathelicidin‐Increase kallikrein 5‐increase MMP
-
15/09/2016
4
• Primary Features‐ one or more in central face
• Flushing• Non transient erythema• Papules and pustules (no comedones)• Telangiectasia
Diagnostic Criteria
• Secondary Features‐ one/more may be present
• Burning/ stinging/dryness/scaling• Red plaques/phymatous changes/oedema• Eyes signs• Peripheral location
Diagnostic Criteria
• 1. Erythematotelangiectatic (12%)
• 2. Papulopustular (69%)
• 3. Phymatous (3,7%)
• 4. Ocular (6‐50%)
• 5. Variants
Subtypes
-
15/09/2016
5
• Flushing• Persistent central facial erythema (spare periocular)• Burning and stinging• Irritation from topical substances• Minimal inflammatory lesions/scale
1. Erythematotelangiectatic (ETT)
• Redness central face• Telangiectasia• Spare periocular skin• Papules and pustules (transient)• Oedema may be present• Flushing (mild)
2. Papulopustular
• Sebaceous hyperplasia• Skin thickens• Irregular surfaces and nodularities/ prominent pores• Nose/chin/forehead/eyelids
3. Phymatous
rhynophyma
gnatophymametophyma
-
15/09/2016
6
• May precede skin signs• 50‐70% patients• Unilateral or asymmetrical • Decrease tear secretion and Meibomian gland dysfunction• 20% present eyes first/ 50% present skin first
4. Ocular/ Eye involvement
injection
• More than 1• Burning/ blurred vision/ stinging/ itching/ light sensitivity/
FB/watery/ bloodshot/ dryness/telangiectasia conjunctiva or lid/ lid and periocular erythema
• Conjunctivitis• Blepharitis• Stye (chalazion)• Meibomian gland inflammation• Rosacea keratitis (5%)‐ corneal involvement
4. Ocular/ Eye involvement
• Granulomatous• Chronic Lymphoedema• Steroid induced• Rosacea fulminans
5. Variants
lymphoedema
Steroid induced
Rosacea fulminans
granulomatous
-
15/09/2016
7
• Acne• Perioral dermatitis• Keratosis Pilaris• Seborrhoeic dermatitis• Photodermatitis (seasonal/ extrafacial)• Contact dermatitis (scale/ eczematous/ site application)• Systemic Lupus erythematosis (malar/ photosensitivity)• DLE (follicular plug/ scale /pigmentary changes/ scar)• Sarcoidosis (no skin surface changes/ smooth)• Tinea facei
Differential diagnosis
• Comedones• Not limited face• Younger age onset• No telangiectasia or flushing
• Both‐ papules/ pustules/ erythema
Acne
-
15/09/2016
8
• monomorphic papules• Around orifices• Smaller lesions• No telangiectasia/ flush/blush
Peri‐oral dermatitis
• Fixed erythema• Small follicular keratotic plugs• Arms and thighs• Younger patient
Keratosis pilaris
• Eczematous• Greasy scale in scalp and brow/ earparanasal/nasolabial/ extrafacial
• Often co‐ exist
• Both‐ erythema/ blepharitis
Seborrhoeic dermatitis
-
15/09/2016
9
• Avoid trigger• Skin care• Disease specific• Maintenance
Treatment of Rosacea
• Avoid trigger• Skin care• Disease specific• Maintenance
Treatment
• Heat (exercise/ bath/ food/ clothes/ heating home)• Exertion• Emotions (anger/ embarrassment/ stress)• Weather (wind/ heat)• Food (pepper/ coffee/ tea/ citrus/ tomato/choc)• Topical products (cosmetics/ toners/anti‐wrinkle/acne/fragrance)• Drugs (vasodilators/ steroids/ tamoxifen/ erectile dysfunction/
metformin/ nicotinic acid)
Treatment‐ avoid trigger
-
15/09/2016
10
• Avoid trigger• Skin care• Disease specific• Maintenance
Treatment
• Soap Free washes
• Simple emollients (apply after medicated products)
• Sun protection (UVA and UVB)‐ at least SPF 30
• Cosmetics
Treatment‐ Skin care
• Avoid trigger• Skin care• Disease specific• Maintenance
Treatment
-
15/09/2016
11
Pathogenesis
Increased vascularity
InflammationAround vessels
ROSACEA
Treatment of inflammatory component‐Papulopustular
(papules/ pustules/ phymatous)
• Topical• Antibiotics• Anti‐inflammatory
• Systemic (extensive or non‐ responsive)• Antibiotics (off‐label use)• Isotretinoin (off‐label)• ivermectin
• Laser/ Surgery
• Metronidazole 0,5%/ 1%/0,75% / cream/gel/ointment/ lotion
• Erythromycin gel
• Clindamycin lotion
Topical antibiotics
-
15/09/2016
12
• Azelaic acid gel 15%/ 20% lotion/ cream/ foam
• Benzoyl peroxide/ +/‐ clindamycin or erythromycin
• Retinoids (adapalene cream/gel and tretinoin cream/gel)
• Calcineurin inhibitors (pimecrolimus and tacrolimus)
• Sulphacetamide 10%/ sulphur 5% lotion/ cream
• Ivermectin 1% cream / permethrin 5% cream
Topical anti‐inflammatory
• First line antibiotics• Doxycycline/ minocycline 50‐100mg daily
• Second line antibiotics• Erythromycin 250mg‐500mg BD/QDS or 400mg BD• Clarithromycin 250mg‐500mg BD/QDS• Azithromycin 250mg 3weekly/ 1000mg 45 days then 500mg 45
days)• Amoxycillin• Bactrim• Metronidazole 200mg BD 6 weeks
• Isotretinoin‐ low dose/ longterm• Ivermectin
Systemic treatment
Pathogenesis
Increased vascularity
InflammationAround vessels
ROSACEA
-
15/09/2016
13
Treatment of Vascular Component‐Erythematotelangiectatic
Redness/ telangiectasia/ flushing
Topical vasoconstrictorsSystemicLaser Surgery
• Brimonidine 0,5% gel
• Oxymetazoline 0.05% solution (nasal)
• ‐
Topical vasoconstrictors
• B blockers• Clonidine• Aspirin • Naloxone• Ondansetron• SSRIs• Contraceptive pill• Amitriptyline
• Botox
Systemic treatment for flushing
-
15/09/2016
14
• Telangiectasia/ persisting erythema AND symptoms
• Short wavelength Lasers (superficial vessels and persistent erythema)• Pulsed dye laser/ long pulsed dye laser• Long‐pulse KTP laser
• IPL
• Diathermy
Laser/Surgery
• Artificial tears• Eyelid hygiene• Warm compress and massage• Cyclosporine 2% drops/ 0,05% emulsion• Metronidazole eye drops (compounded)• !0% sulphacetamide eye drops • Azithromycin 1,5% drops• Azithromycin and other oral antibiotics
• Ophthalmology review
Treatment Eyes
• High quality evidence• Topical azelaic acid/ ivermectin/ brimonidine• Doxy/ isotretinoin
• Moderate quality evidence• Topical metronidazole• Oral tetracyclines
• Low quality evidence• Low dose minocycline (45mg)• IPL AND laser• Cyclosporine ophthalmic emulsion
Cochrane review 2015
-
15/09/2016
15
• Topical serine protease inhibitors/? Cathelicidin blockers
• Topical mast cell stabilisers (cromolyn sodium)
• Nitric oxide inhibitors ( vasoconstrictors)
Future Treatments
• 45 year old woman• C/O 1 year flushing when eats spicy food or drinks red wine• Metronidazole burns• Azelaic acid too drying• Doxy and minocycline 8 weeks each• Uses thick make up to conceal• Many cosmetics sting/ burn
Case 1
• Lifestyle modification• Skin care ( emollient/ sunscreen/ soap free wash/ avoid
toners/ mineral make up)
• Combination• Topical anti‐inflammatory/antibiotic
• pimecrolimus/ azelaic acid/ metronidazole• Topical vasoconstrictor
• Brimonidine® gel• Oral antibiotic‐ doxy 100mg daily 3/12 (if inflammatory)• Laser/ light ( decrease recurrence after ab)
ETT rosacea
-
15/09/2016
16
• Reduces moderate to severe erythema• 5 DBPCT confirm effectiveness• TGA 2014
• Onset action 30 min• Lasts 12 hr• SE‐mild and transient worsening erythema/flushing• Expensive
Brimonidine® gel
• Lifestyle modification• Skin care ( emollient/ sunscreen/ soap free wash/ avoid
toners/ mineral make up)
• Combination• Topical anti‐inflammatory/antibiotic
• pimecrolimus/ azelaic acid/ metronidazole• Topical vasoconstrictor
• Brimonidine® gel• Oral antibiotic‐ doxy 100mg daily 3/12 (if inflammatory)• Laser/ light ( decrease recurrence after ab)
ETT rosacea
Pulsed dye laser
-
15/09/2016
17
• 68 year old man• Red face• No ETOH• Good skin care• Tried many topicals• Tried Doxy• Tried Laser
Case 2
• Environmental/ trigger factors• Skin Care• Combination
• Topical anti‐inflammatory‐ azelaic acid/ pimecrolimus• Topical antibiotic‐ metronidazole• Topical Ivermectin
• Oral antibiotics
• Isotretinoin (referral)
• Maintenance• Taper antibiotics• Topicals 6‐9 months
Papulopustular rosacea
-
15/09/2016
18
• Anti‐parasite and anti‐inflammatory• FDA 2014/ TGA 2015• Inflammatory lesions (mod‐severe PPR rosacea)• Once daily• Superior to vehicle in two DBRCT• 38‐40% clear after 12 weeks (cf 12‐19% vehicle)• Burning
-
15/09/2016
19
• As for papulopustular rosacea
• Isotretinoin ( before and or after laser)
• Ablative lasers‐ CO2 and erbium;YAG
• Surgery/ Electrosurgery/ dermabrasion / cryosurgery
• Psyche
Rhynophyma
• Non contagious inflammation of skin of face
• Cause unknown but many new theories (therapeutic targets)
• No cure but options for control
• Avoid triggers and good skin care
• Variety of topicals/ medications and laser‐ subtype
• Non responders/ eye disease – referral
• Online support groups
Take home