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SDMSDOCID 48827 Material Safety Data Sheet Complies with Hazard Communication Standard 29 CFR 1910 1200

Environmental Solvents Corporation 1830 CJerkaon Street JackaonvWa, FL 32202 Telepnone: (9O4)-354-1990 Facaimae: (904)-353-0048 Emergency Telephone: (9O4)-364-1990 Chemtrec Telephone: (BOO)-424-9300 Dado Prepared: July 24. 1992 Revieed: June 1ft, 1995 MSOS Number 1720

Section I - Product Identification Product Meme: RE-ENTRY 0 Solvent CXemleel Name: Proprietary Mbdura of Tarpenea NFPA Hezerd ClaaaMleatlon: HaaKh-1, FlammabMty • 2, Raactivty-0.

Station II - Hoxmrdoue Ingredients/Identity Information The specific chemical ttanttiaa of the Ingradtenta v« eonakiervdto be trade tacreta and aro wtthhvld in aecordanca with tha provtsiom of 1910.1200 of Tti« 29 of tha Coda oi Fadaral Ragulatloni. Mbflura la eonaidarad a aUn Irritant and aye Irritant. Mbrtura la not oonaidarad a caidnogan by IARC or NTP. All cornponanU are TSCA Uatad. Thta mbctura la teliavad not to contain any toxic ch«mic*l» in quamKlaa •ubjact to raportlng raquiramants of SARA (1966, Section 313. Tftia III) and 40 CFR 37Z RacoRvnandad Occupational Expoaura LJmit 100 Parts Par Million (8 Hour Tlma Weighted Averaga) la band upon th» ACQIH racommandation for componanta of tha »ama charrocal family.

Section m - Phy»tc»l/Ctt«mlc*l Chtncttrlttlce Initial tolling Point: 185*C (365*) Spaa Hie Oravity: 0.86 (•26-C, H2O = 1)Vapor Preeeure: ca.0.4 (mmHgat88*F) Evaporation Rata: ca.0.08 (Butyl Acatata a 1) Pereant Volatile by Volume: 100% Vapor D«n«lty: 4.5 (AJr-1) Solubility In Water: ca. 0.04% Appeeranae and Oder Ciaar Liquid with Ptna Odor Voe Content: ca. 860 (grama/litar O25°C)

Section IV • Fin and Expioiton Htztrd Flaah Point (Tag Cloaad Cup): Autolgnilton: E«tlmetad:23«*C,468*F Flemmeblllty Llmlta In Air: Lowar Expioaive UmH: Eatlmatad 0.7%

Uppar Exploaiwa Umfc Eatlmatad 6.1% Unuauel Fire and Exploaion Hetarda: Combuatible - Kaap aw«y from haat. sparks & opan (lama. Siora

•o»k«d or damp raga In tpprovad covarad wuta can or soak rags with watar. Do not diapoaa of sonant soakad eombuatfbla matanals in an opan dumpatar or trash can. Failura to property disposa of thesa matarlala can cauaa a flra.

Section V • Reecttvlty D»t» Stability: Slab la Conditlona to Avoid: Haat, sparks or opan flam*. IneompatlblUty (Material* to Avoid): Strong Oxidizing Agants

HE-ENTRY 0 &*«*

Hazardous Deoompoeltlon or Byproducts: If burned, normal combustion products are Carbon Dioxide A Carbon Monoxtds.

Hazardous Polymerization: Will not occur. Conditions to Avoid: Heat, $p«rkn or op«n (Isms

faction W • MeaVtft Huxmrt Data « Primary Routaa of Exposure Tho contents of this mixture hsvs not bosn tsstsd whole lor safety on «nimsls or human*. Individual materials present, pots ths following hasMh hazards whsn tsstsdindMdually •« 100%. Efforts ol Ovsrsxposurs: Eyss: Severfy irritating, possibly damaging. SkJn: Local Irritation. Inhalation: Not Ostsrminsd. Ingestlon: Harmful if swallowed.

Emergency and First Aid Procedures: Eyss: Rush with water for ISmlrwtes and gst medical attsntion. Remove

contact Isns I worn. Skin: Immsdiaisly flush skin with soap and plenty of watsr. Rsmovs

contaminated clothing. Inhalation: Rsmovs to arss of fresh air. Qsi medical attention, it sffscta are

persistent. Ingsstlon: Obtain medical cars. Do not indues vomiting. Drink milk or watsr to

dilute •ubatancs.

faction Vtt - Promotion* for Sara Handling ami Uaa Stsps to bo Takan In Caso MataHal Is Rslaasod or Spilled: Small: Confins and laolats spiiL Pick up spiUsd material with absorbents. Largs: Confins and laolsls tpill. Pick up spilled material! with absorbents or

pump. Store used absoitosma in approved covered waste can or soak with water before dUpoaai.

Wasto disposal method: Smalt Check faderal. stats and local regulation*. Largo: Check federal, stats and local regulations. Handling aad Storing: Store In cool dry place in sealed containers.

KEEP OUT Of THE REICH OF CHILDREN. Other Prsoautlons: Do not gst in syss. on skin or on clothing. Rsmovs & wash

contaminatsd clothing before reuse. Do not take internally. Do not u*e or store near heat, sparks or open flame.

S+ctton VIII • Control *feasi//w« Respiratory Protection: Use only in well-ventilated area NtOSH approved organic vapor

respirator, where Occupational Exposure Limit (OEL) may be exceeded.

Ventilation Mechanics!: Mechanical (genersl) ventilation is usually adequate. Protective Qtovee: NKrile. VltonorPVC Eye Protection: Chemical goggles. Other Protective Clothing or Equipment: Eye bath, safety shower, oxygen mask available. Safety glasses

should be worn. WorkVHygienle Practices: Practies good personal hygiene. Wash after handling. Avoid contact

with skin and eyea. Avoid breathing vapors. Use wrth adequate ventilation. Keep this container and vapors from this container away from heat and flames.

Section IX - Transportation Data Proper Shipping Name: Combustible Liquid, N.O.S. DOT identification Number: NA1993. DOT Hazard Claaa: Combustible Liquid (for shipments of 110 Gallon* or more).

Tha Information 4 r«oomm«nd«llon ••• forth h«Min »r» prM«nt*4 In good fatth and b»ll«v*d to b« correct «nd r»H«oi«. EnviroiMn«n«a| SoN«ni> CoiporMlon m«k>« no r»pr»»»nt«aon •• to tha eompl»i*n«»» or accuracy th*r*of and suppll** Informnlon upon ih» conOltlon thai th« p«n«na r»c»lvlna *am« will m«k« their own d»i«rmln»tlon 11 to it* •uttabinty tor th«ir pui>o«« prtor to «••.

MSOS Numcerl222 RE-ENTRY KNI 3000

.O/ -JUG

Hazardous Decomposition or Byproduct*: If burned, normal combustion product* are Carbon Dioxide& Carbon Monoxide.

Hasardoue PolyMortiatlon: WIH not occur. Candttloae to Avoid: Heat, sparke or open f lama

9+dloa VI . HMftA Mtwavtf Pafa 4 Primary Routtt of Bxpouun Effoola of Overaxpoeura: Eyas: Cauaea «y« irritation. SWn: Local Inflation. Inhalation: Not Datormtnod Ingeatlon: Harmful If swallowed.

i morgana? and Plrtt Aid Proooduraa: Ev«a: RuehwKh water for 15 mlnutee and get madieal anantlon. Remove

contact tana » worn. SWn: Immadiataly fluah akin with aoap and planty of watar. Ramova

contaminatad clothing. Inhalation: Ramova to araa of fraah air. Qat madieal attantion. if affacta ara

paralatant. Ingaetion: Obtain madteal cara. Do not Induce vomiting. Drink mUk or watar to

diluta tubatanca.

W - Pnomution* for fondling *nd l/»a «taaa to oo Takan In Caaa Uatarial Ralaaaod or apillad: Smai: Conflna and laoiata apilL Pick up apillad matariat wtth abaoriaanta. Larga: Conflna and wolata apitt. Ptek up apillad matariala wtth abaonbanta or

pump. Stora uaad abaort>anta in approvad covarad waata can or soak with watar bafora diapoaal.

Waata dlapaaai mathod: Sma* Chacktaoaral, «taia and local regulations. Largo: Chack fadarai, «tata and local ragulation*. Handling and Storing: Stwa in cool dry placa In aaaJad contalnare.

KEEP OtJT Of THE REACH Of CHILDREN. OtHor Praoautlona: Do not gat in ayaa. on akin or on clothing. Ramova & waah

contaminatad clothing bofora rauaa. Do not taka internally. Do not u«a or store near heat. «parka or open flame.

VW - Control JMaaaoraa Raaplratory Protactlon: Uaa only in wall-ventUatad araa. NIOSH approved organic vapor

raapirator. where Occupational Exposure Limit (OEL) may be exceeded.

Vantltodon MacKanleal: Mechanical (general) ventilation ia usually adequate. Protactlv* aiovat: Nitrite. Vfton or PVC Eya Protaoilon: Chemical gogglaa. Othar ProtaotNa Clothing or Equipment: Eye bath, aafaty ahower. oxygen mask available. Safety glassae

should be worn. Work/Hygianle Practlcaa: Practice good personal hygiene. Waah after handling. Avoid contact

with akin and syee. Avoid breathing vapors. Use with adequate ventilation. Keep this container and vapora from thia container away from heat and flamea.

Station IX - Tnn$pori»tlon Dttm Prapar thlDtting Mama: Combustible Uqukf. N.O.S. DOT MantHteatlon Number: NA1993. DOT Hazard Claaa: Combustible Liquid (for shipments lasa than 110 Gallons).

The InfemtMlon snd r«comm*Ad«tlon ••! (eitn nsrsin »r« prM«nM4 in good Uith »n

1 MATERIAL SAFETY

********************************** * * ETUS, INC. EMERGENCY INFORMATION * * 1511 KASTNBR PLACE 1-407-321-7910 * * SANFORD, FLORIDA 32771 DATE PREPARED: 11/10/95 * * 1-407-321-7910 * *****************************************************************

***************************************************************** * SECTION I: GENERAL INFORMATION * *****************************************************************

PRODUCT NAME: KB D EGR£ AS ER/ CLEANER PRODUCT CLASS: Cleaner FREIGHT CLASSIFICATION: 55 Cleaning, Wash, Scour ing Compounds PRIMARY CHEMICAL FAMILY: Sulfonate HMIS RATINGS: Health*!, Flamn»ability=0 , React ivity=0

***************************************************************** * SECTION II: HAZARDOUS INGREDIENTS * *****************************************************************

INGREDIENT (CAS f) OSHA PEL ACGIH TLV OTHER (PPM) (PPM)

No Hazardous Ingredients - Biodegradable

***************************************************************** * SECTION III: PHYSICAL /CHEMICAL DATA * *****************************************************************

BOILING POINT: Similar to water SPECIFIC GRAVITY: >1.0 g/cc

EVAPORATION RATE: Less than water VAPOR DENSITY: Estimated lighter than air VAPOR PRESSURE: Similar to water SOLUBILITY IN WATER: Complete pH of 5% Solution:

***************************************************************** * SECTION V: REACTIVITY DATA * *****************************************************************

STABILITY: Stable HAZARDOUS POLYMERIZATION: Will Not Occur INCOMPATIBILITY (MATERIALS TO AVOID): Strong Oxidizing

Agents or Mineral Acids HAZARDOUS DECOMPOSITION PRODUCTS: Nothing Hazardous

***************************************************************** * SECTION VI: HEALTH HAZARD DATA *

EFFECTS OF OVEREXPOSURE/EMERGENCY AND FIRST AID PROCEDURES?

EYES: CONTACT WITH EYES CAN CAUSE MILD IRRITATION. FLUSH EYES WITH PLENTY OF WATER FOR 15 MINUTES.

SKIN: PROLONGED CONTACT WITH SKIN MAY CAUSE MILD IRRITATION. FLUSH SKIN WITH PLENTY OF WATER.

INGESTION: DRINK PLENTY OF MILK OR WATER TO DILUTE. SEEK MEDICAL ATTENTION IF NECESSARY.

CHRONIC EFFECTS AND MEDICAL CONDITIONS AGGRAVATED BY OVEREXPOSURE: CHRONIC EFFECTS AND MEDICAL CONDITIONS FOR

THIS PRODUCT ARE NOT KNOWN.

CARCINOGEN: THE COMPONENTS IN THIS PRODUCT ARE NOT CONSIDERED A CARCINOGEN BY OSHA, NTP, OR IARC.

***************************************************************** * SECTION VII: SPILL, LEAK, AND DISPOSAL PROCEDURES * *****************************************************************

SMALL SPILLS: SOAK UP WITH AN ABSORBENT AND SHOVEL INTO WASTE CONTAINER.

LARGE SPILLS: RECOVER LIQUID FOR REPROCESSING OR DISPOSAL. WASTE DISPOSAL METHOD: DISPOSE OF IN ACCORDANCE WITH LOCAL,

STATE, AND FEDERAL REGULATIONS.

*****************************************************************

***************************************************************** * SECTION VIII: PROTECTIVE MEASURES * *****************************************************************

EYE PROTECTION: CHEMICAL SPLASH PROOF GOGGLES PROTECTIVE GLOVES: RUBBER RESPIRATORY PROTECTION: NOT NORMALLY REQUIRED VENTILATION: USE ADEQUATE VENTILATION OTHER PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT: RUBBER APRON AND BOOTS, SAFETY

SHOWER AND EYE WASH STATIONS.

***************************************************************** * SECTION IX: SPECIAL PRECAUTIONS * *****************************************************************

HANDLING AND STORAGE: PROTECT DRUM FROM DAMAGE, FREEZING OR INTENSE HEAT.

OTHER PRECAUTIONS: WEAR PROTECTIVE EYE GOGGLES, GLOVES AND CLOTHING.

***************************************************************** * SECTION X: REGULATORY INFORMATION * *****************************************************************

FEDERAL EPA

Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act of 1980 (CERCLA):

Requires notification of the National Response Center of releases of quantities of Hazardous substances equal to or greater than the reportable quantities (RQ) in 40 CFR 302.4. Components present in this product at a level which would require reporting under the statute are:

Chemical CAS Number RJ2 **NONE**

Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act of 1986 (SARA) Title III:

Requires emergency planning baaed on Threshold Planning Quantities (TPQs) and release reporting based on Reportable Quantities (RQ) in 40 CFR 355 (SARA 302, 304, 311 and 312). Components present in this product at a level which could require reporting under the statute are: **NONE**

Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Status: **NONE** All components of this product are on the TSCA inventory

EPA Priority Pollutants: **NONE**

RCRA Hazard Class: (If Discarded) Non-Hazardous

For Update Contact SOLUTIONS BBS at (407) 321-6119 [8-N-l]

I atve-'v < \KST AID- IN RESPIRATORY DEPRESSION, GIVE OXYGEN BY ARTIFICIAL RESPIRATION. GIVE ACTIVATED CHARCOAL. GASTRIC LAVAGE WITH PROTECTED AIRWAY IS USEFUL EVEN IF DELAYED. DO NOT ATTEMPT EMESJS IF RESPIRATION IS DEPRESSED. MAINTAIN BLOOD PRESSURE. TREATMENT SHOULD BE ADMINISTERED BY QUALIFIED MEDICAL PERSONNEL. (DREISBACH, HANDBOOK OF POISONING, 11TH ED.) GET MEDICAL ATTENTION.

IT I DOTE 1 I SPECIFIC ANTIDOTE. TREAT SYMPTOMATICALLY AND SUPPORT IVELY.

REACTIVITY SECTION

ACTIVITY: r- SLOWLY PEROXIDISE ON EXPOSURE TO AIR AND UNDER NORMAL STORAGE CONDITIONS. EXPLOSION HAZARD MAY EXIST IF THE SUBSTANCE IS DISTILLED OR ALLOWED TO *PORATE TO DRYNESS.

rOMPATIBILITlESi 3PROPYL ALCOHOL (ISOPROFANOL» 2-PROPANODi ALUMINUM: DISSOLUTION IS EXOTHERMIC. >ARIUM PERCHLORATEl FORMATION OF EXPLOSIVE COMPOUND. •'-BUTANONE (METHYL ETHYL KETONEJl ACCELERATES THE PEROXIDATION OF THE ALCOHOL, RESULTING IN THE FORMATION OF POTENTIALLY EXPLOSIVE PRODUCTS IF THE MIXTURE IS ALLOWED TO EVAPORATE TO DRYNESS.

:HROMIUM TRIOXIDE (GRANULAR)i IGNITION. lOATINGSl MAY BE ATTACKED. IIOXYGENYL TETRAFLUOROBORATEI IGNITION AT AMBIENT TEMPERATURES. IYDROGEN * PALLADIUM (PARTICLES)» IGNITION ON EXPOSURE TO AIR. IYDROGEN PEROXIDE: FORMATION OF EXPLOSIVE COMPOUND. ETONESi MARKEDLY INCREASES THE POSSIBILITY OF PEROXIDATION. ITROFORM (TRINITROMETHANE)i DISSOLVES LIBERATING HEAT AND POSSIBLY EXPLODING.

-EUM: TEMPERATURE AND PRESSURE INCREASE IN CLOSED CONTAINER. XIDIZERS (STRONG)I FIRE AND EXPLOSION HAZARD. XYGEN (GAS)I AUTOXIDATION, ON EXPOSURE TO LIGHT, RESULTS IN FORMATION OF KETONES AND POTENTIALLY EXPLOSIVE HYDROGEN PEROXIDE. -lOSGENEi IN THE PRESENCE OF IRON SALTS, MAY EXPLODE. -ASTICSl MAY BE ATTACKED. 3TASSIUM TERT-BUTOXIDEl IGNITION. JBBERt MAY BE ATTACKED. DDIUM DICHROMATE + SULFURIC ACIDi EXOTHERMIC REACTION WITH POSSIBLE INCANDENSCENCE.

^POSITION: W1AL DECOMPOSITION PRODUCTS MAY INCLUDE TOXIC OXIDES OF CARBON.

'MERIZATIONs iRDOUS POLYMERIZATION HAS NOT BEEN REPORTED TO OCCUR UNDER NORMAL 'ERATURES AND PRESSURES.

STORAGE-DISPOSAL

RVE ALL FEDERAL, STATE AND LOCAL REGULATIONS WHEN STORING OR DISPOSING

OF THIS SUBSTANCE. FOR ASSISTANCE, CONTACT THE DISTRICT DIRECTOR OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY.

»ISTORAGE*!

PRESERVE IN TIGHT CONTAINERS, REMOTE FROM HEAT. (U.S. PHARMACOPEIA, NATIONAL FORMULARY, 1783).

STORE IN ACCORDANCE WITH 29 CFR 1910.106.

BONDING AND GROUNDINGi SUBSTANCES WITH LOW ELECTROCONDUCTIVITY, WHICH MAY BE IGNITED BY ELECTROSTATIC SPARKS, SHOULD BE STORED IN CONTAINERS WHICH MEET THE BONDING AND GROUNDING GUIDELINES SPECIFIED IN NFPA 77-1983, RECOMMENDED PRACTICE ON STATIC ELECTRICITY.

STORE AWAY FROM INCOMPATIBLE SUBSTANCES.

CONDITIONS TO AVOID

MAY BE IGNITED BY HEAT, SPARKS OR FLAMES. CONTAINER MAY EXPLODE IN HEAT OF FIRE. VAPOR EXPLOSION HAZARD INDOORS, OUTDOORS OR IN SEWERS. RUN-OFF TO SEWER MAY CREATE FIRE OR EXPLOSION HAZARD.

SPILLS AND LEAKS

OCCUPATIONAL-SPILLi SHUT OFF IGNITION SOURCES. STOP LEAK IF YOU CAN DO IT WITHOUT RISK. USE MATER SPRAY TO REDUCE VAPORS. FOR SMALL SPILLS, TAKE UP WITH SAND OR OTHER ABSORBENT MATERIAL AND PLACE INTO CONTAINERS FOR LATER DISPOSAL. FOR LARGER SPILLS, DIKE FAR AHEAD OF SPILL FOR LATER DISPOSAL. NO SMOKING, FLAMES OR FLARES IN HAZARD AREA! KEEP UNNECESSARY PEOPLE AWAY| ISOLATE HAZARD AREA AND DENY ENTRY.

PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT SECTION

VENTILATIQNl PROVIDE LOCAL EXHAUST OR GENERAL DILUTION VENTILATION TO MEET PUBLISHED EXPOSURE LIMITS. VENTILATION EQUIPMENT MUST BE EXPLOSION-PROOF.

RESPIRATOR: THE FOLLOWING RESPIRATORS AND MAXIMUM USE CONCENTRATIONS AKE f-ECOMMENnrinONS BY THE U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAII SERVICES, NIOSH FUCKET GUIDE 10 CHEMICAL HAZARDS OR NIOSH CRITERIA DOCUMENTS) OR DEPARTMENT OF LABOR, 29CFR1710 GUBFART Z. THE SPECIFIC RESPIRATOR SELECTED MUST BE BASED ON CONTAMINATION LEVELS FOUND IN THE WORK PLACE AND BE JOINTLY APPROVED BY THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH AND THE MINE SAFETY AMD HEALTH ADMINISTRATION.

ISOPROPYL ALCHOL:

P«9» 6 of 7 2-PROPANOt. P«9« S of 7 I-PROPAMOL

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 | 1 1 1 1 1

1000 PPM- ANY POWERED AIR-PURIFYING RESPIRATOR WITH ORGANIC VAPOR CARTRIDGE(S).

ANY CHEMICAL CARTRIDGE RESPIRATOR WITH A FULL FACEPIECE AND ORGANIC VAPOR CARTRIDGE(S).

10,000 PPM- ANY SUFPLIED-AIR RESPIRATOR OPERATED IN A CONTINUOUS FLOW MODE.

12,003 PPM- ANY AIR-PURIFYINO FULL FACEPIECE RESPIRATOR (GAS MASK) WITH A CHIN-STYLE OR FRONT- OR BACK-MOUNTED ORGANIC VAPOR CANISTER.

ANY SELF-CONTAINED BREATHING APPARATUS WITH A FULL FACEPIECE. ANY SUPPLIED-AIR RESPIRATOR WITH A FULL FACEPIECE.

ESCAPE- ANY AIR-PURIFYING FULL FACEPIECE'RESPIRATOR (GAS MASK) WITH A CHIN-STYLE OR FRONT- OR BACK-MOUNTED ORGANIC VAPOR CANISTER.

ANY APPROPRIATE ESCAPE-TYPE SELF-CONTAINED BREATHING APPARATUS.

I lift FIREFIGHTING AND OTHER IMMEDIATELY DANGEROUS TO LIFE OR HEALTH CONDITIONS:

:>ELF-CONTAINED BREATHING APPARATUS WITH FULL FACEPIECE OPERATED IN PRESSURE DEMAND OR OTHER POSITIVE PRESSURE MODE.

:iUPPLIED-AIR RESPIRATOR WITH FULL FACEPIECE AND OPERATED IN PRESSURE-DEMAND OR OTHER POSITIVE PRESSURE MODE IN COMBINATION WITH AN AUXILIARY SELF-CONTAINED BREATHING APPARATUS OPERATED IN PRESSURE-DEMAND OR OTHER POSITIVE PRESSURE MODE.

'.I.OTHINGi KMPLOYEE MUST WEAR APPROPRIATE PROTECTIVE (IMPERVIOUS) CLOTHING AND EQUIPMENT IU PREVENT REPEATED OR PROLONGED SKIN CONTACT WITH THIS SUBSTANCE.

liLOVESl I-HPLOVEE MUST WEAR APPROPRIATE PROTECTIVE GLOVES TO PREVENT CONTACT WITH THIS -.SUBSTANCE.

c'YE PROTECTION! t

EMPLOYEE MUST WEAR SPLASH-PROOF OR DUST-RESISTANT SAFETY GOGGLES TO PREVENT EYE CONTACT WITH THIS SUBSTANCE. CONTACT LENSES SHOULD NOT BE WORN.

AUTHORIZED BY- OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH SERVICES, INC.

CREATION DATEl 02/26/83 REVISION DATEl 11/09/88

Mt**********************t*t*ttt**t*****t****t***t*******m*******************

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P*9« 7 of 7

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AIR PRODUCTS & CHEMICALS — CARBON DIOXIDE, DRY ICE (SOLID ONLY)

MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET

FSC: 6830

Manufacturer's CAGE: 5H199

Part No. Indicator: A

Part Number/Trade Name: CARBON DIOXIDE, DRY ICE (SOLID ONLY)

General Information

Item Name: CARBON DIOXIDE, DRY ICE (SOLID ONLY)

Company's Name: AIR PRODUCTS AND CHEMICALS, INC.

Company's Street: 2043 S 35TH ST

Company's P. 0. Box: 538

Company's City: ALLENTOWN

Company's State: PA

Company's Country: US

Company's Zip Code: 18105

Company's Emerg Ph #: 1-800-523-9374 IN PA:1-800-322-9092

Company's Info Ph #: 215-481-4911

Record No. For Safety Entry: 003

Tot Safety Entries This Stic*: 004

t f t t t i i t i l l i l t l l t t < C (

Date MSDS Prepared: 10JUL86

Safety Data Review Date: 060CT89

Supply Item Manager: GSA

MSDS Preparer's Name: NK

Preparer's Company: AIR PRODUCTS & CHEMICALS, INC.

Preparer's St Or P. 0. Box: P.O. BOX 538

Preparer's City: ALLENTOWN

Preparer's State: PA

Preparer's Zip Code: 18105

MSDS Serial Number: BHCXV

Specification Number: NK

Spec Type, Grade, Class: NK

Unit Of Issue: CY

Unit Of Issue Container Qty: 1 CY

Type Of Container: METAL

Net Unit Weight: NK

NRC/State License Number: NK

Net Explosive Weight: NK

Net Propellant Weight-Ammo: NK

Coast Guard Ammunition Code: NK

t <

Ingredients/Identity Information

Proprietary: NO

Ingredient: CARBON DIOXIDE

Ingredient Sequence Number: 01

Percent: NK

NIOSH (RTECS) Number: FF6400000

CAS Number: 124-38-9

OSHA PEL: 5000 PPM

ACGIH TLV: 5000PPM/30000STEL;93

Other Recommended Limit: NK

Physical/Chemical Characteristics

Appearance And Odor: CARBON DIOXIDE IS COLORLESS £ ODORLESS AS GAS OR

LIQUID.

Boiling Point: -109F/-78C

Melting Point: NK

Vapor Pressure (MM Hg/70 F): *SEE BELOW

Vapor Density (Air=l): *SEE BELOW

Specific Gravity: 68F20C,1ATM1.53

Decomposition Temperature: NK

http:68F20C,1ATM1.53

t t t i i l l l l< (

Evaporation Rate And Ref: NK

Solubility In Water: 68F20C1ATM87.8%BYVOL

Percent Volatiles By Volume: NK

Viscosity: NK

pH: NK

Radioactivity: NK

Magnetism (Milligauss): N/P

Corrosion Rate (IPY): NK

Autoignition Temperature: NK

Fire and Explosion Hazard Data

Flash Point: N/A

Flash Point Method: N/P

Lower Explosive Limit: NK

Upper Explosive Limit: NK

Extinguishing Media: CARBON DIOXIDE IS AN EXTINGUISHING AGENT FOR CLASS

BSC FIRES

Special Fire Fighting Proc: NK

Unusual Fire And Expl Hazrds: NK

t

Reactivity Data

Stability: YES

Cond To Avoid (Stability): NK *VAP PRES: 68F/20C 831 PSIA (56.5 ATM)

Materials To Avoid: IF MOISTURE IS PRESENT, MATERIALS MUST RESIST CARBONIC

ACID.

Hazardous Decomp Products: NK *VAP DENS: 68F/20C, 1 ATM 0.115

Hazardous Poly Occur: NO

Conditions To Avoid (Poly): NK

Health Hazard Data

LD50-LC50 Mixture: NK

Route Of Entry - Inhalation: YES

Route Of Entry - Skin: YES

Route Of Entry - Ingestion: NO

Health Haz Acute And Chronic: IF THE CONCENTRATION OF CARBON DIOXIDE

EXCEEDS 10%, UNCONSCIOUSNESS CAN OCCUR WITHOUT WARNING, PREVENTING SELF

RESCUE. AT MUCH HIGHER CONCENTRATIONS, CARBON DIOXIDE DISPLACES THE OXYGEN

IN AIR BELOW LEVELS NECESSARY TO SUPPORT LIFE.

Carcinogenicity - NTP: NO

Carcinogenicity - IARC: NO

i

(

Carcinogenicity - OSHA: NO

Explanation Carcinogenicity: NK

Signs/Symptoms Of Overexp: SYMPTOMS: 3-6% = HEADACHES, DYSPNEA,

PERSPIRATION 6-10% = HEADACHE DYSPNEA, PERSPIRATION,TREMORS,VISUAL

DISTURBANCES, UNCONSCIOUSNESOVER 10% = UNCONSCIOUSNESS

Med Cond Aggravated By Exp: NK

Emergency/First Aid Proc: MOVE VICTIM TO AREA OF NORMAL ATMOS. SELF

CONTAINED BREATHING APPARATUS MAY BE NECESSARY TO PREVENT TOXIC EXPOSURE OR

ASPHYXIATION OF RESCUERS. CPR & SUPPLEMENOXYGEN SHOULD BE GIVEN IF VICTIM

IS NOT BREATHING. FROZEN TISSUES SHOULD BE FLOODED OR SOAKED WITH TEPID

WATER, NOT HOT. CRYOGENIC BURNS WHICH RESULT IN BLISTERING OR DEEPER TISSUE

FREEZING SHOULD BE SEEN PROMPTLY BY A PHYSICIAN.

Precautions for Safe Handling and Use

Steps If Matl Released/Spill: VENTILATE INDOOR AREAS WELL TO AVOID

HAZARDOUS CARBON DIOXIDE CONCENTRATIONS. VENTILATE WELL AND AVOID CONTACT

WITH COLD VAPORS OR DRY ICE. CARBON DIOXIDE IS A HEAVY GAS AND WILL REMAIN

IN LOW SPOTWITHOUT ASSISTED VENTILATION.

Neutralizing Agent: NK

Waste Disposal Method: DO NOT ATTEMPT TO DISPOSE OF RESIDUAL CARBON

I t

DIOXIIN COMPRESSED GAS CYL.RETURN CYLINDER TO AIR PROD.ALWAYS DISPOSE OF

CARBON DIOXIDE OUTSIDE WHERE VAPORS CAN DISPERSE. DO SO SLOWLY OR DRY ICE

WILL FORM, REQUIRING LONGER PERIODS TO VAPORIZE.

Precautions-Handling/Storing: USE/STORE ONLY IN WELL VENTILATED AREAS.

KEEP CYL.AWAY FROM SOURCES OF HEAT.SEGREGATE FULL/EMPTY CYLSTORE CARBON

DIOXIDE CYLINDER VALVE END UP.

Other Precautions: STORAGE AREAS SHOULD BE FREE OF COMBUSTIBLE MATERIAL.

AVOID EXPOSURE TO AREAS WHERE SALT OR OTHER CORROSIVE CHEMICALS ARE

PRESENT. COMPRESSED GAS CYLINDERS SHOULD NOT BE REFILLED EXCEPT BY

QUALIFIED PRODUCERS OF COMPRESSED GAS.

Control Measures

Respiratory Protection: USE SELF-CONTAINED BREATHING APPARATUS IN OXYGEN

DEFICIENT ATMOS OR WHERE CARBONDIOXIDE EXCEEDS 1.5%. CAUTION! RESPIRATORS

WILL ONT FUNCTION. USE MAY RESULT IN ASPHYXIATION.

Ventilation: NATURAL OR MECHANICAL WHERE GAS OR VAPORS ARE PRESENT.

Protective Gloves: IMPERMEABLE MATERIAL:LEATHER GLOVES

Eye Protection: SAFETY GLASSES

Other Protective Equipment: NK

Work Hygienic Practices: NK

Suppl. Safety £ Health Data: VENTS SHOULD BE SITUATED TO AVOID HIGHER THAN

* * * i i l i i t t i i t l l l t

* < (

NORMAL CONCENTRATION OF CARBON DIOXIDE IN WORK AREAS.

Transportation Data

Trans Data Review Date: 89279

DOT Proper Shipping Name: UNDER REVIEW

DOT/DoD Exemption Number: NK

IMO PSN Code: DOF

IMO Proper Shipping Name: CARBON DIOXIDE, SOLID

IMO Regulations Page Number: 9025

IMO UN Number: 1845

IMO UN Class: 9

IMO Subsidiary Risk Label:

IATA PSN Code: FHR

IATA UN ID Number: 1845

IATA Proper Shipping Name: CARBON DIOXIDE, SOLID (DRY ICE)

IATA UN Class: 9

IATA Label: MISCELLANEOUS

AFI PSN Code: HDO

AFI Prop. Shipping Name: COMPRESSED GAS, N.O.S.

AFI Class: 2.2

APPENDIX L

Geosafe Corporation SSHP and AHAs

D9&020 4/25/96

APPENDIX M

SSHP and AHAs

D96-020 5/24/96

APPENDIX J

Welding/Hot Work Program

D96-020 5/24/96

FWENC HS 6-6 Health and Safety Effective Date: 02/01/95 Program Manual Welding/Hot Work Page 1 of 5

CONTENTS SECTION >AGE

1.0 PURPOSE 2

2.0 SCOPE 2

3.0 DEFINITIONS 2

4.0 RESPONSIBILITIES 2

4.1 LINE MANAGEMENT 2 4.2 HEALTH AND SAFETY PERSONNEL 2

5.0 PROCEDURES

5.1 CUTTING, WELDING, OPEN FLAME, AND FLAME/SPARK PRODUCING EQUIPMENT 3

5.2 WELDING IN CONFINED SPACES 4 5.3 WELDING ON SYSTEMS THAT CONTAIN OR HAVE CONTAINED

FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS 4 5.4 RECORDKEEPING 5

6.0 TRAINING 5

7.0 REFERENCES 5

ATTACHMENT A - Hot Work Permit

I IS6-6Vv H\V

FWENC HS6-6 Health and Safety Effective Date: 02/01/95 Program Manual Welding/Hot Work Page 2 of 5

1.0 PURPOSE

The purpose of this program is to establish a method to prevent fires as a result of welding and hot work.

2.0 SCOPE

This document applies to all welding, cutting, open flame, grinding or other spark-producing activities on FWENC project sites.

3.0 DEFINITIONS

None

4.0 RESPONSIBILITIES

4.1 LINE MANAGEMENT

Supervisors are responsible for:

• Ensuring implementation of the program requirements • Signing and issuing hot work permits

4.2 HEALTH AND SAFETY PERSONNEL

The Health and Safety Officer (HSO) is responsible for:

Providing oversight for program implementation Assisting with training of site personnel on program requirements Maintaining files of hot work permits

HS6-6 \VII \ \


5.0 PROCEDURES

5.1 CUTTING, WELDING, OPEN FLAME, AND FLAME/SPARK PRODUCING EQUIPMENT

If the work involves cutting, welding, or other flame/spark-producing equipment, the supervisor shall examine the area here the work is to be done and shall ensure the following:

• Sprinklers, where provided, are in commission and will not be taken out of service until this work has been completed.

There is no flammable lint, dust, vapors, and liquids or unpurged tanks or equipment previously containing such materials in the areas.

This work will be confined to the area or equipment specified in the permit.

• Floors and surroundings have been swept clean, with combustible floors and construction formwork (if any) wet down.

• A suitable fire extinguisher is available.

• Welding and cutting is performed by a qualified person.

Proper personal protective equipment is being worn by persons performing the hot work.

• All combustibles have been located 50 feet from the operation and the remainder protected with metal guard, or flameproofed curtains or covers (not ordinary tarpaulins).

All floor and wall openings within 40 feet of the operations have been covered tightly.

A fire watch has been assigned to watch for dangerous sparks in the area, as well as in floors above and below, and the fire watch stays in the area for 30 minutes after the end of the activity.

• Arrangements have been made for a patrol of the area, including floors above and below, during any lunch or rest period. Hot work permits are good for one shift only.

Flame or spark-producing equipment to be used has been inspected and found in good repair. The hot work permit included as Attachment A or equivalent has been completed.

-6 \ \HW


The hot work permit included as Attachment A or equivalent has been completed.

5.2 WELDING IN CONFINED SPACES

Confined spaces must be adequately ventilated with clean air to prevent the accumulation of toxic materials or possible oxygen deficiency during welding or cutting in confined spaces. In circumstances where it is impossible to provide such ventilation, an air-supplied respirator must be used.

When welding or cutting is being performed in a confined space, welding machines must be left outside. Heavy portable equipment mounted on wheels must be securely blocked to prevent accidental movement. In addition to a hot work permit, all the requirements of HS 6-2 must be followed, including the completion of a confined space entry permit.

5.3 WELDING ON SYSTEMS THAT CONTAIN OR HAVE CONTAINED FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS

The following precautions must be taken when welding on systems that contain or contained flammable liquids.

The part of the system being worked must be isolated from other parts of the system containing flammable liquids or vapors. Isolation may be accomplished by plugging (i.e., using approved procedures and equipment), blanking, or removing from the system. Other approaches must be reviewed by the Safety Manager.

The isolated system must be purged, ventilated, or cleaned before welding, cutting, or brazing may be performed.

• Before purging, written calculations must be done to determine the time required to purge a certain size system with a given flow rate of an inert gas.

After ventilation or cleaning a system, an LEL reading must be taken at the area to be worked to ensure that there are no residual flammable vapors before welding is conducted. A reading of 10% of the lower explosive limit is considered acceptable.

When a part of a system (i.e., a pipe) is worked in place, protection must be accomplished by a combination of purging and blanking-off or cleaning and blanking-off.

A hot work permit must be completed.

I1S6-6U H\V


5.4 RECORDKEEPING

Completed hot work permits shall be given to the Health and Safety Officer and shall be maintained as part of the project file.

6.0 TRAINING

All persons involved in welding/hot work activities shall receive training on the requirements of this program.

7.0 REFERENCES

FWENC (Foster Wheeler Environmental Corporation) HS 6-2, Confined Space Entry. Health and Safety Program Manual.

OSHA (U.S. Department of Labor, Occupational Safety and Health Administration) 29CFR1926, SubpartJ.

11S6-6\VH\V

ATTACHMENT A

HOT WORK PERMIT

I IS6-6 \ \1 I \ \

FOSTER WHEELER ENVIRONMENTAL CORPORATION

HOT WORK PERMIT No.

Site Name: Site Location:

Permit Issue Date: Permit Expiration Date:

Describe work to be performed and location where activity will be conducted:

SAFETY ZONE for work established by (check all that apply)

D Cones, D Caution Tape, D Natural Barrier, D Welding Screen, D Building, D Other, explain:

SAFETY REQUIREMENTS (check YES or NO)

Fire Extinguisher properly rated D YES D NO Fire watch present DYES DNO Combustibles covered within 50 ft D YES D NO Work area clean D YES D NO

Cables, hose lines, regulators, cylinders, electric sources checked D YES D NO

SAFETY EQUIPMENT (check all that apply): D respirator, D welders mask, D burning goggles,

D face shield, and

Are SPECIAL FIRE PROTECTION procedures being implemented? (If yes, describe):

AIR MONITORING REQUIREMENTS

D FID/PID DO, DCGI Background:

Time:

Supervisor Signature

Air Monitor Signature_

Fire Watch Signature _

User Signature.

User Signature,

User Signature

A - 1

APPENDIX N

Drum and Container Handling Program

D9&O20 5/24/96

FWENC HS6-8 Health and Safety Effective Date: 02/01/95 Program Manual Drum and Container Handling Page 1 of 12

CONTENTS SECTION PAGE

1.0 PURPOSE 2

2.0 SCOPE 2

3.0 DEFINITIONS 2


4.1 LINE MANAGEMENT 2 4.2 HEALTH AND SAFETY PERSONNEL 3

5.0 PROCEDURES

5.1 GENERAL 3 5.2 PRELIMINARY REVIEW 4 5.3 DRUM SAMPLING SELECTION CRITERIA 5 5.4 DRUM HANDLING AND STAGING 5 5.5 DRUM OPENING 8 5.6 DRUM SAMPLING 10 5.7 RESEALING DRUMS 11 5.8 EMERGENCY RESPONSE PLAN 12

6.0 TRAINING 12

7.0 REFERENCES 12

HS6-8.DH

http:HS6-8.DH


1.0 PURPOSE

The purpose of this program is to establish minimum requirements for work activities involving drum and container handling and sampling and to ensure compliance with the requirements of 29 CFR 1910.1200).

2.0 SCOPE

This program is applicable to all FWENC operations.

3.0 DEFINITIONS

Air/Water Reactive Wastes - Some chemicals, such as white phosphorus, react with oxygen in the air, while others, such as sodium, cesium, and various metal hydrides, react with the moisture or water vapor in the air. Many of these compounds are explosive when they come in contact with air or water.

Container - A container is defined as any drum, bottle, can, bag, etc., with a capacity of 120 gallons (450 liters) or less. Containers are typically closed and are used for the storage or transport of solid or liquid materials.

Glass Thief- A glass tube, 4 ft. long and 3/4 inches in diameter, used for collecting liquid samples from drums.


4.1 LINE MANAGEMENT

The Project Manager (PM) is responsible for ensuring that sufficient resources are available to implement the requirements of this program.

Site managers and supervisors are responsible for the implementation of this program including selection of containers to open or sample; testing, moving, and staging of containers; container openings and sampling; resealing; and, halting operations as necessary.

HS6-8.DH

http:HS6-8.DH



The Project Health and Safety Manager (PHSM) shall ensure that appropriate procedures for drum handling are addressed in each site safety plan and that personnel involved in the handling and sampling of drums receive proper training.

5.0 PROCEDURES

These requirements apply to the handling of all containers (as defined in this program) of hazardous materials. The term "drum" is used throughout the following sections because it is the most frequently used hazardous material container.

5.1 GENERAL

The basic steps of drum handling are: identification, selection, sampling, labeling, transportation, and disposal. General procedures, controls, and policies for handling drums containing hazardous materials or wastes, or containers with unknown contents are identified below. The basic requirements are to be incorporated into project drum handling procedures which address site specific hazards and conditions.

Special risks associated with moving and opening closed containers of hazardous materials include exposure to toxic materials, fire, and explosion. These, and other hazards, shall be controlled through the use of engineering controls, administrative procedures, air monitoring, and the use of proper tools and equipment. Protective equipment shall only be used to minimize hazards as a safeguard in the event that one or more of the above measures fail to control the hazard.

• Standard Safety Practices

The following standard safety practices shall apply prior to and during performance of container handling:

No field personnel will be allowed within the drum area exclusion zone without proper training and site specific orientation.

-*

Prior to entering the drum area, routes of entry and egress shall be demarcated.

HS6-8.DH

http:HS6-8.DH


During sampling activities, sampling personnel will not stand on broken pallets, debris, or uneven/unstable ground.

Sampling personnel will not lean over drum(s) in order to reach the opening of another drum for sampling. Samplers must be able to stand comfortably and safely at the drum in order to control drum opening and to easily reach contents for sampling.

The buddy system shall be maintained at all times.

Fire extinguishers and emergency equipment will be checked and made readily available prior to initiating container operations. Proper absorbent material shall be available in areas where spills, leaks, or rupture of the drums may occur.

If supplied air respiratory protection is used by the drum sampling team, the air shall be supplied to personnel from a source a minimum of 20 feet from the drum location.

Air monitoring shall be performed for drum handling activities including opening, sampling, and resealing operations. The monitoring strategy and instrumentation requirements shall be described in the project safety plan.

5.2 PRELIMINARY REVIEW

A background review, preliminary safety assessment and site inspection survey shall be conducted to ensure that all potential hazards are addressed in the drum handling procedures.

All available background data regarding the site shall be reviewed for information that can be used to characterize the types of hazardous materials present at the site (e.g., generator records, manifests, inventories, personal interviews, or monitoring data). The EPA Field Investigation Team (FIT) preliminary assessment (if available) or the remedial investigation (RI) report, and all other existing data shall be reviewed.

After the review of background information, a site inspection shall be conducted. The purpose of the site inspection is to evaluate the obvious potential hazards associated with the drums, including drum conditions, access points, terrain, and other surrounding features which may present a hazard to personnel. Leaking and corroded drums, crowded and poorly organized conditions, drums of unknown origins, or indications of shock-sensitive materials shall be noted.

HS6-8 DH


Geophysical survey shall be conducted as necessary to identify the location of buried drums.

Inspections of sites with suspected unexploded ordnances or explosives shall be conducted in accordance with the programs in the UXO Operations section of this manual.

Personnel conducting site Inspection shall be familiar with the types, sizes, Department of Transportation (DOT) designations, openings, and recommended opening techniques for the various kinds of containers. The DOT designation, which is usually found on the bottom of a drum, can be useful in determining the material of the drum.

5.3 DRUM SAMPLING SELECTION CRITERIA

The containers selected for opening and sampling will depend on the purpose of the sampling operation and on safety considerations, and shall be identified in the procedures. Selection of drums to be sampled should include consideration of drum markings and types, location and accessibility, and structural integrity.

Where many different types of containers are present, sampling order should be performed in the following order of increasing potential hazard:

Paper, plastic, cloth, and burlap bags Fiberboard drums

• Plastic and polyethylene carboys and containers Plastic-lined steel drums

•. Glass carboys and jugs (except chemical reagent or laboratory-packed bottles) • Steel and exotic metal drums (such as nickel)

Odd containers (distended, isolated, special markings, etc.)

5.4 DRUM HANDLING AND STAGING

Procedures for container handling and staging shall be described in the site specific procedures. Personnel handling and containerized waste shall work in teams containing no fewer than two people. Visual contact shall be maintained between members of the sampling team at all times.

HS6-8.DH

http:HS6-8.DH


• Preliminary Evaluation

Prior to physically handling a drum, an evaluation should be made to determine if the drum is radioactive, exhibits leakage or deterioration (e.g., is the drum corroded), internal pressure (e.g., is the drum bulging), or has markings which would indicate that the contents are potentially explosive or reactive.

As part of the evaluation, air monitoring shall be performed for volatile organics, explosive atmospheres, radioactivity, and other potential hazardous components with appropriate monitoring equipment. Monitoring shall be conducted around any openings or bungs which may exist of the drums.

• Handling and movement

If possible, drums shall be sampled in place. When sampling cannot be conducted in place, the handling, movement, and transport of drums should be carried out by the use of mechanical equipment. Manual handling of drums shall be avoided to the extent possible. Low hazard and known content drums may be moved with hand trucks or cradles. Mechanical drum handling equipment usually consists of a backhoe or front-end loader equipped with a drum grappler. Drums shall be transported utilizing front-end loaders or fork lifts with drum grapplers, or with modified carrying platformsto preclude spark generation.

If appropriate, handling and transport equipment will be equipped with full frontal and side splash/explosion shields made from 3/4" to 1" Lexan. Class ABC fire extinguishers shall be fitted to the body of each piece of handling equipment.

• Leaking or Deteriorated Drums

Leaking drums should be plugged and overpacked. If the drum cannot be plugged and overpacked safely, men the contents should be transferred to another drum using an explosion-proof pump and/or spark-proof tools.

Bulging Drums

Drums which may be under internal pressure, as evidenced by bulging, should be sampled in place. Opening of pressurized drums should be done remotely.

Should movement of a pressurized drum be unavoidable, handle only with a grappler unit and equipment fitted with explosion shielding.

1186-81)11


Drums Containing Explosive or Shock Sensitive Waste

If drums containing explosive or shock sensitive wastes are suspected or found, the PHSM and Site Manager must be notified immediately, before the drums are handled.

Drums Containing Radioactive Waste

Drums containing or suspected of containing radioactive wastes or mixed wastes shall not be approached or handled until a radiation monitoring and control program is implemented per HS 4-3, Radioactive and Mixed Waste Program.

• Laboratory Packs

If containers are suspected of containing discarded laboratory chemicals, reagents or other potentially dangerous materials, they shall be considered to contain explosive or shock sensitive wastes until they have been characterized. Initial handling shall be with a grappler and equipment fitted with explosion shielding.

Lab packs shall be opened only when necessary and by an individual knowledgeable in the inspection, classification, and segregation of the such containers.

If crystalline material is noted on any container, the contents shall be handled as a shock-sensitive waste.

• Air Reactive Wastes

If the presence of an air reactive substance is verified or even suspected, the material shall be immediately segregated and transported to a separate high hazard interim storage and disposal area.

• Gas Cylinders

Gas cylinders, when encountered, shall be managed on a case-by-case basis depending on the integrity of the cylinders and type of gas they are expected to contain.

• Drums Within Buildings

Drums should not be opened within buildings unless absolutely necessary. When necessary, adequate ventilation with filtration for the exhaust shall be utilized.

MS6-8DH


• Drum Staging

When drums are moved, they will be taken to a staging and sampling area that is diked or bermed to control any spills.

5.5 DRUM OPENING

Drums may be opened either manually or remotely depending on the potential hazards. Air monitoring shall be conducted throughout drum opening activities.

• Remote Opening Equipment

If remote drum opening is required there are at least three types of remote-opening equipment are available: the bung spinner, the remote-controlled drill, and the drum piercer.

The bung spinner consists of:

Air impact wrench with nonsparking adapter • Drum-mounting bracket

Two-stage regulator Compressed-air cylinder with 100 ft of air hose and control valve

The impact wrench is mounted over the bung on top of the drum by means of the steel-mounted bracket. The air tank, regulator, and control valve can be placed up to 100 ft away from the drum.

A remote-controlled, air-operated, self-retracting drill can also be used. This tool consists of:

Self-feeding and self retracting drill Drum-mounting bracket

• 100 ft of air and control hoses Two-stage high-pressure regulator

• Compressed air cylinder Filter/regulator/lubricator unit

As with the bung spinner, the air tank, regulator, and control valves can be placed up to 100 feet away from the drum. There are two controls on this piece of equipment: a start valve and an emergency retract valve.

HS6-8DH


The drum piercer consists of:

• Hydraulic ram with hand pump 100 ft of hydraulic hose

• Drum-mounting bracket (top or side) • Piercing nail

This unit uses the same bracket as the drum drill. The hydraulic ram slowly forces the steel piercer through the drum surface as the hand pump is operated. When the 1/2 in. diameter hole is complete, opening a relief valve on the pump allows the spring to retract the piercer from the hole.

When any of these pieces of equipment are used, the control lines are to be extended to their maximum, and drum-opening personnel are to operate the controls from behind sandbags, a concrete or brick structure, or other solid barriers.

• Opening Containers Without Bungs

Ring-closed, open-top drums - Loosen the ring and then remove it remotely by means of a rope. If it is necessary to cut the ring, do so near the bolt or clamp/lever so that there will be a place to attach the rope.

Glass carboys or jugs with lapped/ground-glass stopper or plastic cap - Slowly release any retaining wire and vent any pressure. Remove the stopper or cap by hand only.

Fiberpacks or corrugated cardboard containers - Release the locking ring and remove the ring and lid by hand.

Plastic or polyethylene carbons and plastic-lined drums (when necessary) - Use a nonsparking aluminum, brass, or beryllium bung wrench of the proper size. Do not use a bung wrench on any distended drums of this type; remote methods will be applied.

Plastic Kraft paper, burlap, or cloth bags - Use a trowel or sampling trier. The bags should be resealed or placed in an overpack.

HS6-8DH


5.6 DRUM SAMPLING

Drum Sampling Procedures

After the drum has been opened, the team will move away from the drum to allow for additional monitoring around the drum and at the drum opening. All readings shall be recorded hi the health and safety field log.

Once the drum is open and the proper level of protection for sampling has been established, the two-member sampling team will enter the area. The sampling team shall extract the sample using a drum thief for liquids or semisolids. A trowel or scoop will be used to collect solids. One sampler shall hold the sampling jar and the second shall collect the sample.

• Sampling Procedures

All drums and mechanical equipment shall be grounded prior to initiation of sampling. If the bung or container lid can be removed, sample the liquids using a glass thief. The thief is broken and discarded within the barrel after use. A barrel that has a badly rusted bung, or that cannot be sampled as above, shall be entered with a remotely operated hydraulic penetrating device. All openings shall be plugged except during sampling.

The steps to be followed in sampling drums are as follows:

Record any markings, special drum conditions, and type of opening in the field notebook, on the sample log sheet, and later, on the Chain-of-Custody form. Locate the general area of the drum on a sketch of the site.

Stencil an identifying number on the drum and record in the logbook, consult the sampling plan for identification.

Make certain that the drum/container is set on a firm base, preferably in a fully upright position.

Open the drum/container as described in Section 5.5.

Insert the glass thief almost to the bottom of the drum or until a solid layer is encountered. About 1 ft of tubing should extend above the drum.

HS6-8DII


Allow the waste in the drum to reach its natural level in the tube. Then cap the top of the sampling tube with a tapered stopper, ensuring that the liquid does not come into contact with the stopper.

Carefully remove the capped tube from the drum and insert the uncapped end in the sample container. Do not spill liquid on the outside of the sample container. Wipe down the outside of the tube when removing the tube from the container. Release the stopper and allow the glass thief to drain completely into the sample container.

Place the used sampling tube, along with paper towels or waste rags used to wipe up any spills, into the sampled drum or an empty metal barrel for subsequent disposal. If glass tubing has been used, it may be broken and left inside the drum being sampled.

Cap the sample container tightly and place the prelabeled and tagged sample container in a carrier.

Replace the bung or lids or place plastic over the drum/container.

5.7 RESEALING DRUMS

All drums opened for sampling need to be resealed to prevent the escape of vapors and possible reactions from rainwater, air, etc. The resealing methods will depend on the opening methods used and may include one or more of the following steps:

• Replace the bung, screw cap, etc.

• Replace the lid and retaining ring.

Place the drum in an overpack (larger drum) when it cannot be resealed by any other method.

If a hole is drilled, use of a special rubber or plastic plug. A drum bonnet should be used to ensure that rainwater does not seep around the plug.

HS6-8DH


5.8 EMERGENCY RESPONSE PLAN

An emergency response plan shall be prepared for the site as part of the Site Specific Safety Plan in accordance with HS 2-1, Emergency Preparedness, and HS 3-2, Site Safety Plans.

6.0. TRAINING

All personnel involved in drum handling and sampling shall receive training on the applicable site specific procedure(s) for their assigned task(s).

7.0 REFERENCES

FWENC (Foster Wheeler Environmental Corporation) HS 2-1, Emergency Preparedness. Health and Safety Program Manual.

HS 3-2, Site Safety Plans. Health and Safety Program Manual.

HS 4-3, Radioactive and Mixed Waste Program. Health and Safety Program Manual.

OSHA (U.S. Department of Labor, Occupational Safety and Health Administration) 29 CFR 1910.120.

I IS6-8DII

APPENDIX O

Hearing Conservation Program

D96-O20 5/24/96

FWENC HS4-4 Health and Safety Effective Date: 02/01/95 Program Manual Hearing Conservation Page 1 of 8


1.0 PURPOSE 2

2.0 SCOPE 2

3.0 DEFINITIONS 2


4.1 LINE MANAGEMENT 2 4.2 HEALTH AND SAFETY PERSONNEL 3 4.3 MEDICAL PERSONNEL 3

5.0 PROCEDURES 4

5.1 HEARING CONSERVATION PROGRAM 4 5.2 ACTION LEVELS 4 5.3 HEARING PROTECTION 4 5.4 EXPOSURE MONITORING 5 5.5 AUDIOMETRIC TESTING 5 5.6 EMPLOYEE TRAINING AND INFORMATION 7 5.7 WARNING SIGNS 7 5.8 RECORDKEEPING 7

6.0 REFERENCES 8

ATTACHMENT A - 29 CFR 1910.95, Occupational Noise Exposure

I1S4-1 1IC


1.0 PURPOSE

The purpose of this program is to establish the Foster Wheeler Environmental Corporation (FWENC) Hearing Conservation Program to prevent hearing loss from on-the-job noise exposure and to comply with the requirements of Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) regulation for occupational noise exposure 29 CFR 1910.95.

2.0 SCOPE

This program applies to all FWENC operations.

3.0 DEFINITIONS

Audiogram - A graph showing hearing acuity as a function of frequency

dBA (A-Weighted Sound Level) - A quantity, in decibels, read from a standard sound level meter that is switched to the weighting network labeled "A." The A-weighted sound level measures the approximate relative "noisiness" of a given environment.

Decibel- The unit in which the levels of various acoustical quantities are expressed. Typical quantities so expressed are sound pressure level, noise level, and noise power level.

Hearing Loss - At a specified frequency, an amount, in decibels, by which the individual's hearing acuity is less than the selected norm.

Standard Threshold Shift - A change in the hearing threshold relative to the baseline audiogram of an average of 10 dB or more at 2,000, 3,000, and 4,000 Hertz (Hz), in either ear.


4.1 LINE MANAGEMENT

Site Supervisors are responsible for:

• Ensuring that hearing protection is worn when required and in the proper manner

I1S4-4.1IC



The Regional Health and Safety Manager (RHSM) is responsible for:

• Notifying affected employees of an observed threshold shift

Ensuring that the case is recorded on the OSHA 200 log

The Health and Safety Officer (HSO) is responsible for:

• Verifying that site employees are trained and have valid audiometric examinations prior to the start of work

Providing hearing protection to employees and ensuring proper fitting of hearing protection devices

Posting high noise warning signs in affected areas

Conducting exposure monitoring of high noise areas

• Providing hearing conservation program information to employees and post a copy of the OSHA standard in the workplace

Maintaining site hearing conservation program records

Overseeing the requirements of the hearing conservation program at the site

4.3 MEDICAL PERSONNEL

The Corporate Medical Consultant (CMC) is responsible for:

Determining if a significant threshold shift (STS) has occurred when reviewing the audiometric examination results

Providing FWENC Corporate Health and Safety (CHS) with an annual summary of STSs which occurred to FWENC employees

Providing CHS with an assessment of the effectiveness of the hearing conservation program training

I1S4-4 lie


The Local Medical Provider (LMP) is responsible for:

Conducting audiometric testing, reviewing results, and maintaining records of audiometric tests

- Notifying the RHSM or PHSM if a standard threshold shift is observed

5.0 PROCEDURES

5.1 HEARING CONSERVATION PROGRAM

FWENC maintains a Hearing Conservation Program for employees who are exposed to noise levels in excess of the action level. Engineering and/or administrative methods to maintain employee exposure below the action level will be used whenever feasible. Whenever these control methods are not feasible, employees are included in the Hearing Conservation Program which includes noise exposure monitoring, audiometric testing, use of hearing protective devices, and employee training and access to information.

5.2 ACTION LEVEL

The action level for this program is a noise exposure level equal to or greater than an 8-hour time weighted average (TWA) of 85 dBA slow response) or a dose of 50% as measured by an audiodosimeter.

5.3 HEARING PROTECTION

Hearing protection will be required when employee exposure exceeds the action level while using equipment resulting in a noise exposure in excess of 85 dBA, or when working in areas where warning signs indicate that the use of hearing protection is required.

The adequacy of hearing protection used shall be evaluated by the HSO or designee using one of the evaluation methods described in 29 CFR 1910.95, Appendix B, Methods for Estimating the Adequacy of Hearing Protection Attenuation.

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5.4 EXPOSURE MONITORING

Noise exposure monitoring shall be conducted when information indicates that an employee's exposure may be equal to or greater than the action level.

Monitoring shall be conducted in accordance with the FWENC Health and Safety Field Procedures Manual including the following components:

• The identity of all employees that may be exposed to noise at or above the action level.

Area monitoring or representative personal monitoring. Personal Monitoring (noise dosimetry) shall be used when area monitoring is not feasible due to worker mobility sound levels varying over time, or significant impulse noise exists.

All continuous, intermittent, and impulsive sound levels between 80 and 130 dBA will be integrated into noise measurement.

The use of properly calibrated instruments in accordance with the FWENC Health and Safety Field Procedure Manual.

• Repeat monitoring whenever workplace changes occur that may result in increased personnel exposure or render protective equipment inadequate.

Employee notification if they are exposed at or above the action level.

The opportunity for affected employees to observe exposure monitoring measurements.

5.5 AUDIOMETRIC TESTING

Audiometric testing shall be made available by FWENC to employees included in the Hearing Conservation Program. All such identified employees shall undergo baseline and annual audiometric testing.

General Requirements Audiometric tests shall be performed by qualified personnel meeting the requirements of 29 CFR 1910.95 (g) and (h) by the local medical provider.

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Audiometric testing equipment shall be operated and meet the requirements of 29 CFR 1910.95, Appendix C, Audiometric Testing Instruments, Appendix D, Audiometric Test Rooms, and Appendix E, Acoustic Calibration of Audiometers.

Baseline Audiogram. A baseline audiogram shall be established for employees exposed above the action level within six months of exposure. The baseline audiogram forms the basis for comparison to subsequent audiograms.

Annual Audiogram. An audiogram shall be repeated at least annually for affected employees. Results are compared to the baseline audiogram by the local medical provider to determine validity and any shifts in employee hearing acuity.

Procedure for Standard Threshold Shift. If a standard threshold shift is observed, the affected employee shall be retested within 30 days and the results reviewed by an audiologist, otolaryngologist, or qualified local medical provider to determine if further evaluation is needed.

If a standard threshold shift has occurred, the following actions shall be taken:

1. The PHSM informs the employee in writing of the condition within 21 days of receipt of results and ensures that the case is recorded on the OSHA 200 log as a recordable illness. A copy of the physician's report is furnished to the employee.

2. The employee is trained in the use and care of one or more hearing protective devices, is fitted for one or more devices, and is required by the Health and Safety Officer to wear the device(s) when on the job. If the employee already wears protective devices, retraining and refitting will be provided, and if necessary a more efficient device or devices will be supplied.

3. Additional testing may be advised if a medical pathology of the ear occurs, particularly if wearing hearing protection is suspected of causing the condition.

4. An annual audiogram will be substituted for the baseline audiogram when a threshold shift is persistent or there is significant hearing improvement.

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5.6 EMPLOYEE TRAINING AND INFORMATION

Employees included in the Hearing Conservation Program shall receive hearing conservation training initially and at least annually. This training usually is conducted during the initial 40-hour health and safety training, during annual 8-hour refresher health and safety training, and during site safety meetings. Training shall consist of the following:

The effects of noise on hearing The purpose of hearing protectors The advantages and disadvantages of various types of hearing protection Instructions for selecting, fitting, using, and caring for hearing protection devices

• The purpose of audiometric testing An explanation of audiometric test procedures

A copy of 29 CFR 1910.95, Occupational Noise Exposure, is included as Appendix A. This standard will be provided to affected employees upon request and posted at project locations where the action level for noise is exceeded.

5.7 WARNING SIGNS

Warning signs indicating the presence of a high noise area and the requirement to wear hearing protection will be visibly posted and enforced at the work location whenever ambient noise level exceeds 85 dBA.

5.8 RECORDKEEPING

Audiometric Testing Records. An accurate record of all audiometric testing in accordance with the 29 CFR 1910.95(m) is maintained by the CMC in the employee's medical record.

Exposure Records. Records of noise exposure monitoring are maintained in the project health and safety records.

Training Records. Hearing Conservation Program training records are maintained in the project health and safety records by the HSO and in the employee health and safety records by CHS.

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6.0 REFERENCES

OSHA (U.S. Department of Labor, Occupational Safety and Health Administration) 29 CFR 1910.95, Occupational Noise Exposure and Appendices.

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APPENDIX P

Confined Spaced

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FWENC HS6-2 Health and Safety Effective Date: 02/01/95 Program Manual Confined Space Entry Page 1 of 15


1.0 PURPOSE 2

2.0 SCOPE 2

3.0 DEFINITIONS 2


4.1 AUTHORIZED ENTRANTS 4 4.2 ATTENDANTS 5 4.3 ENTRY SUPERVISORS 6 4.4 LINE MANAGEMENT 7

5.0 PROCEDURES 7

5.1 HAZARD EVALUATION 8 5.2 ATMOSPHERIC TESTING 8 5.3 VENTILATION 9 5.4 ISOLATION 9 5.5 EQUIPMENT STAGING 9 5.6 EMERGENCY AND RESCUE PROCEDURES 10 5.7 CLIENT/CONTRACTOR COORDINATION 10 5.8 PRE-ENTRY BRIEFING 11 5.9 CONFINED SPACE OPERATIONS 11 5.10 DEVIATION FROM PROGRAM REQUIREMENTS 13 5.11 IDENTIFICATION OF CONFINED SPACES 14 5.12 PROGRAM REVIEW 14

6.0 TRAINING 14

7.0 REFERENCES 15

ATTACHMENT A - Pre-Entry Briefing Checklist ATTACHMENT B - Confined Space Entry Permit


1.0 PURPOSE

When required, this program provides the requirements to ensure a safe working environment within and around confined space operations by evaluating confined space hazards, implementing necessary controls, and regulating employee entry into confined spaces in accordance with 29 CFR 1910.146, Permit-Required Confined Spaces.

Confined space entries should only be made if there is not a feasible method of performing the task from outside of the confined space.

2.0 SCOPE

This program applies to all FWENC employees, operations, and subcontractors.

3.0 DEFINITIONS

Acceptable Entry Conditions - The conditions that must exist in a permit space to allow entry and to ensure that employees involved with a permit-required confined space entry can safely enter into and work within the space.

Attendant - An individual stationed outside one or more permit spaces who monitors the authorized entrants and who performs all attendant's duties assigned in the employer's permit space program.

Confined Space - An enclosed area which exhibits the following characteristics:

Is large enough and so configured that an employee can bodily enter; and • Has limited or restricted means for entry or exit; and • Is not designed for continuous occupancy

Double Block and Bleed - The closure of a line, duct, or pipe by closing and locking or tagging two in-line valves and by opening and locking or tagging a drain or vent valve in the line between the two closed valves.


Engulfment - The surrounding and effective capture of a person by a liquid or finely divided solid substance that can be aspirated to cause death by filling or plugging the respiratory system or that can exert enough force on the body to cause death by strangulation, constriction, or crushing.

Confined Space Entry Permit - The completed document which specifies the hazards, controls, and procedures for a confined space entry.

Entry - The action by which a person passes through an opening into a confined space. Entry is considered to have occurred as soon as any part of the entrant's body breaks the plane of an opening into the space.

Entry Supervisor - The person responsible for determining if acceptable entry conditions are present at a permit space where entry is planned, for authorizing entry and overseeing entry operations, and for terminating entry as required by this section.

Hazardous Atmosphere - An atmosphere which meets one or more of the following criteria:

• Flammable gas, vapor, or mist in excess of 10 percent of the lower explosive limit; or

An airborne concentration of a dust at a concentration that meets or exceeds its lower explosive limit (rule of thumb - visibility obscured at a distance of 5 feet); or

Atmospheric concentration of any substance which could result in employee exposure in excess of its recommended exposure limit, i.e., Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL), Threshold Limit Value (TLV), or manufacturer's limit; or

Immediately dangerous to life or health (IDLH)

Inerting - The displacement of the atmosphere in a permit space by a noncumbustible gas to such an extent that the resulting atmosphere is noncumbustible

Isolation - A pre-entry requirement which assures that the confined space has been completely taken out of service and insures that accidental introduction of hazardous substances into the confined space may not take place. Isolation may include blinding, double blocking with bleed valves, capping, and/or lockout/tagout.

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Line Breaking - The intentional opening of a pipe, line, or duct that is or has been carrying flammable, corrosive, or toxic material, an inert gas, or any fluid at a volume, pressure, or temperature capable of causing injury.

Non-permit Required Confined Space - A confined space that does not contain or, with respect to atmospheric hazards, have the potential to contain any hazard capable of causing death or serious physical harm.

Oxygen Deficient - An atmosphere containing less than 19.5 percent oxygen by volume

Oxygen Enriched - An atmosphere containing 22.0 percent or more oxygen by volume. (Note: The 22% upper limit is an NFPA 306k, Certification of Hot Work, Consensus Standard.)

Permit Required Confined Space - A confined space which has one or more of the following characteristics:

Contains or has the potential to containa hazardous atmosphere; or Contains a material that has the potential for engulfment of the entrant; or Has an internal configuration that could trap or asphyxiate an entrant

Prohibited Conditions - Any condition in a permit space that is not allowed by the permit during the period when entry is authorized

Retrieval System - The equipment used for non-entry rescue of persons from permit spaces


4.1 AUTHORIZED ENTRANTS

Entrants are responsible for the following:

Inspection of operability and integrity of all respiratory apparatus, safety equipment, and PPE to be used / worn

Knowing hazards, mode of exposure, signs and symptoms, and consequences of hazardous exposure

ENC HS6-2 Ithand Safety Effective Date: 02/01/95 Tram Manual Confined Space Entry Page 5 of 15

Communicating with the attendant as necessary to enable the attendant to monitor entrant status and to enable the attendant to alert entrants of the need to evacuate the space

Notifying the attendant of undetected / unnoticed hazards which could cause harm or injury to team personnel, warning signs and symptoms of exposure, and prohibited conditions

Wearing the designated respiratory apparatus, safety equipment, and PPE

Knowing the emergency procedures; and

Exiting from the permit space when evacuation is ordered, warning signs or symptoms of exposure are noted, a prohibited condition is noted, or an alarm is activated

ATTENDANTS

\ttendants are required to assume the following duties and.responsibilities:

Inspection of operability and integrity of all respiratory apparatus, safety equipment,, and PPE to be used/work

Know the hazards that may be faced during entry, including information on the mode, signs or symptoms, and consequences of the exposure

Be aware of possible behavioral effects of hazard exposure in authorized entrants

Communicate with authorized entrants as necessary to monitor entrant status and to alert entrants of the need to evacuate the space

Leave their position only after being physically replaced by another attendant. If required to leave their post and no replacement is available, they must evacuate all personnel from within the confined space before leaving

Monitor activities inside and outside the space to determine if it is safe for entrants to remain in the space and order the authorized entrants to evacuate the permit space immediately if a prohibited condition is noted, if an authorized entrant shows behavioral effects of a hazard exposure, if a saturation develops outside the confined space that may endanger the entrants, or if the attendant cannot effectively and safely perform his or her required duties


• Summon rescue and emergency services

Warn unauthorized persons that they must stay away from the permit space, advise them to exit immediately if they enter the permit space, and inform the entry supervisor if they enter the space

• Perform non-entry rescues

• Perform no duties that interfere with the attendant's primary duty to monitor and protect the authorized entrants

Remain in constant communication with the entrant at all times

Perform atmospheric monitoring per the confined space permit under the direction of the entry supervisor, if trained to perform the monitoring

4.3 ENTRY SUPERVISORS

Entry supervisors have the following responsibilities:

Knows the hazards that may be faced during entry, including information on the mode, signs or symptoms, and consequences of the exposures

Verifies by checking that the appropriate entries have been made on the permit, that all tests specified by the permit have been conducted and that all procedures and equipment specified by the permit are in place before endorsing the permit and allowing entry to begin

Verifies that rescues services are available and that the means for summoning them are operable

Removes unauthorized individual who enter or who attempt to enter the permit space during entry operations

Determines, whenever responsibility for a permit space entry operation is transferred and at intervals dictated by the hazards and operations performed within the space, that entry operations remain consistent with terms of the entry permit and that acceptable entry conditions are maintained

Ensures full compliance with FWENC and customer permit requirements


• Ensures that all confined space pre-entry precautions have been taken

• Ensures that atmosphere/personnel monitoring is performed at adequate frequencies to protect the safety and well being of the entry personnel

• Ensures that emergency procedures and individual assignments are clearly defined, and to coordinate rescue procedures if necessary; and

Terminates the entry and cancels the permit

4.4 LINE MANAGEMENT

The Project Manager (PM) has the responsibility for:

Ensuring implementation of the confined space entry program

Ensuring that only trained, qualified, and medically fit personnel participate in confined space entry operations; and

Ensuring that adequate, appropriate, and properly maintained equipment required to safely enter a confined space and successfully complete the task

5.0 PROCEDURES

The following sections provide the requirements for pre-entry activities, pre-entry briefings, confined space operations, and program review requirements. Complete implementation of these requirements is necessary to ensure the health and safety of personnel during confined space operations.

No entries shall be made into confined spaces with:

IDLH atmospheres LEL readings in excess of 10% or a combustible dust atmosphere in excess of the LEL An oxygen content of less than 19.5% or greater than 22.0%

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5.1 HAZARD EVALUATION

Prior to the initiation of a confined space entry, a hazard evaluation of the space shall be conducted by the entry supervisor to determine what chemical and physical hazards are present. This review shall be documented on the entry permit and include, but not be limited to the following:

• Potential for oxygen deficient or enriched atmosphere Presence of a flammable atmosphere Presence of toxic air contaminants

• Presence of physical hazards Sources of hazardous energy that must be de-energized to effectively isolate the confined space Other permits, such as hot-work or lockout/tagout, required to control hazards Acceptable entry conditions

Various sources of information for hazard identification that may be used include blueprints, as-builts, client employee knowledge, past entry information, air monitoring data, and physical inspection. For each hazard identified, an effective means of control shall be documented on the confined space entry permit.

5.2 ATMOSPHERIC TESTING

The atmosphere of the confined space shall be tested to determine the initial concentrations of the following:

Oxygen content Flammable or combustible gases or vapors Toxic air contaminants

Testing for the initial concentrations shall be conducted in the order given and documented on the entry permit. LEL, oxygen, and toxicity readings must be taken at least every 15 minutes. If isolation of the space is unfeasible because the space is large or part of a continuous system, the monitoring shall be continuous. Frequency for periodic monitoring during the confined space entry shall be specified and documented on the permit.

FWENC HS 6-2 Health and Safety Effective Date: 02/01/95 Program Manual Confined Space Entry Page 9 of 15

5.3 VENTILATION

Mechanical ventilation shall be initiated where necessary to prevent exposure of employees to hazardous atmospheres. The ventilation shall meet the following requirements:

It shall be continuous It shall be directed into the immediate area authorized entrants shall work in The air supply shall be from a clean source and shall not increase the hazards in the area, and Employees shall not enter the space until the ventilation clears the hazardous atmosphere

When ventilation practices cannot be used, a supplied air respirator must be utilized. Exceptions may be made by the PHSM.

Ventilation equipment must be bonded and grounded prior to operation. Ventilator exhausts must be directed down wind from personnel and/or areas that contain buildings, equipment, etc.

5.4 ISOLATION

All permitted spaces shall be removed from service and completely protected against the release of energy and material into the space. Means used to isolate the space include but are not limited to the following:

Lockout/tagout in accordance with HS 6-5 Disconnection of mechanical linkages and hazards Blanking, blinding, or misaligning piping; or Double blocking and bleeding

5.5 EQUIPMENT STAGING

The following equipment shall be available as necessary and inspected prior to use:

• Testing and monitoring equipment Ventilation equipment Communications equipment

• Personal protective equipment Lighting equipment (caged, waterproof, and low voltage)

• Barriers and shields

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• Ingress and egress equipment Rescue and emergency equipment; and

• Any other equipment required to make safe entry into the space

In spaces where the potential for flammable or combustible atmospheres exists, equipment shall be non-sparking and intrinsically safe. Electrical systems shall be GFCI protected.

5.6 EMERGENCY AND RESCUE PROCEDURES

Based upon the location, hazards, and configuration of the confined space, the entry supervisor shall ensure that the following items are addressed:.

Rescue and emergency services to be used and means of summoning Means of rescuing entrants Rescue and emergency to be used at the site; and

• Duties of personnel during emergencies; and • Prevention of unauthorized entry during rescues

5.7 CLIENT/CONTRACTOR COORDINATION

To ensure safe and efficient operations when FWENC personnel and client or subcontractor employees will make entry together into the same confined space, the following shall be completed by the entry supervisor:

• Inform FWENC contractors of existing confined spaces • Provide FWENC contractors of this program

Inform the contractor of known hazards in the space Provide a list of controls implemented previously Coordinate the entry of the personnel; and Debrief the contractor regarding this program and any hazards encountered

When FWENC personnel are required to perform confined space entry in support of client work, the entry supervisor shall complete the following in addition to the above requirements:

Obtain any available information on the space from the client Coordinate the entry operations with client personnel; and Inform the client of entry hazards encountered

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5.8 PRE-ENTRY BRIEFING

Prior to initiating a confined space entry, the entry supervisor shall conduct a safety briefing with the authorized entrants, attendants, and other relevant personnel. The briefing shall cover the following at a minimum:

Hazard Communication (including the signs, symptoms, and modalities of chemical over exposure) Physical hazards present All hazard controls Acceptable entry conditions

• Emergency procedures • Rescue procedures

Duties of entrants and attendants during routine and emergency operations • Frequency and Types of air monitoring • Communications system and backup to be used

Review of work to be accomplished during entry Decontamination procedures (if necessary) PPE disposal Potential emergencies that may occur outside the confined space

Attachment A is a checklist which can be used to document pre-entry briefing.

At the end of the briefing, all personnel shall be given opportunity to ask questions and review the permit. After review, each authorized entrant and attendant shall print and sign his/her name on the permit. The completed permit shall be posted at the entry site and serve as a roster for monitoring entry and exit of personnel from the space.

5.9 CONFINED SPACE OPERATIONS

The following practices shall be adhered to during actual confined space entries:

The entry supervisor shall certify that all equipment is in place and operable, acceptable entry conditions are present, all personnel have been fully briefed and all personnel have signed the permit prior to initiating entry.

Attachment B is a copy of the FWENC Confined Space Entry Permit.

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The work area outside the space shall be barricaded to prevent unauthorized personnel from interrupting the attendants or entering the space. Unauthorized personnel shall be asked to leave the barricaded area. If unauthorized personnel refuse to leave the area, operations shall be terminated.

• Atmospheric monitoring for oxygen, LEL, and toxic air contaminants shall be conducted at the frequency noted on the permit. Results shall be logged on the permit.

No confined space shall be entered without:

A full body harness A 6' lanyard attached to the harness "D" ring; and A lifeline attached to the lanyard with the opposite end secured outside the confined space The lanyard and lifeline must have double locking rings

Wristlets may be used in lieu of a full body harness if the body harness is infeasible or creates a greater hazard.

Top entries with a fall potential greater than 5 feet shall be made with fall protection. Fall protection shall meet the criteria specified in 29 CFR 1926.502(d).

Two attendants are required for all permit-required entries. The entry supervisor may serve as one attendant.

A minimum of one attendant shall maintain visual or voice communic

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