unusual compositional dependence of the exciton reddduced ...mctp/sciprgpgs/events/2011/bcs/talk...

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Unusual compositional dependence of the it d d Unusual compositional dependence of the it d d excit on reduced mass in GaAs 1 x Bi x (x=010%) excit on reduced mass in GaAs 1 x Bi x (x=010%) 1x x 1x x G Pettinari 1 A Polimeni 2 J H Blokland 1 R Trotta 2 G. Pettinari 1 , A. Polimeni 2 , J. H. Blokland 1 , R. Trotta 2 , P. C. M. Christianen 1 , M. Capizzi 2 , J. C. Maan 1 , X Lu 3 E C Young 3 and T Tiedje 3 X. Lu , E. C. Young and T . Tiedje 1 High Field Magnet Laboratory, Radboud University Nijmegen, The Netherlands 2 Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università di Roma, Italy Radboud University Nijmegen, The Netherlands 3 Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada Ann Arbor, July 16 th

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Page 1: Unusual compositional dependence of the exciton reddduced ...mctp/SciPrgPgs/events/2011/BCS/talk files...At high power carrier scattering disrupts T=5 K GaAs:Si n Si =1018 cm-3 (e,A)

Unusual compositional dependence of the it d d

Unusual compositional dependence of the it d dexciton reduced mass

in GaAs1 xBix (x=0‐10%)exciton reduced massin GaAs1 xBix (x=0‐10%)1‐x x ( )1‐x x ( )

G Pettinari1 A Polimeni2 J H Blokland1 R Trotta2G. Pettinari1, A. Polimeni2, J. H. Blokland1, R. Trotta2,P. C. M. Christianen1, M. Capizzi2, J. C. Maan1,

X Lu3 E C Young3 and T Tiedje3X. Lu , E. C. Young and T. Tiedje

1High Field Magnet Laboratory,Radboud University Nijmegen, The Netherlands

2Dipartimento di Fisica,Sapienza Università di Roma, Italy

Radboud University Nijmegen, The Netherlands

3Department of Physics and Astronomy,University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada

Ann Arbor, July 16th

Page 2: Unusual compositional dependence of the exciton reddduced ...mctp/SciPrgPgs/events/2011/BCS/talk files...At high power carrier scattering disrupts T=5 K GaAs:Si n Si =1018 cm-3 (e,A)

Outline

Bismuth in GaAs:

‐ electronic properties

‐magneto‐photoluminescence (0‐30 T) andexciton reduced mass determinationexciton reduced mass determination

‐ evidence for a largely perturbed band structure‐ evidence for a largely perturbed band structure  

Page 3: Unusual compositional dependence of the exciton reddduced ...mctp/SciPrgPgs/events/2011/BCS/talk files...At high power carrier scattering disrupts T=5 K GaAs:Si n Si =1018 cm-3 (e,A)

Ga(As,Bi) expected trendselectronegativityatomic 

electron 

electronegativity

first ionization potential V

6p Bi4p As

CBs

Bi is expected to 

number

III B V Bconfiguration

2s N4s Ga

p s

VBs

influence thevalence bandB N

3.0414.5

1s22s2p3

Al P2.181.81

Large relativistic corrections are expected due to Z →

Ga As9.81

[Ar]3d104s2p3

.86.00

[Ar]3d104s2p1

expected due to ZBi →large SO splitting ∆0 of VB anion p‐states

∆ (G Bi) 2 15 V

In Sb

Tl Bi2.027.29

∆0(GaBi)=2.15 eVTl Bi[Xe]4f145d106s2p3

P. Carrier and S.‐H. Wei, Phys. Rev. B 70, 035212 (2004)

Page 4: Unusual compositional dependence of the exciton reddduced ...mctp/SciPrgPgs/events/2011/BCS/talk files...At high power carrier scattering disrupts T=5 K GaAs:Si n Si =1018 cm-3 (e,A)

Ga(As,Bi) expected trends

Predicted E = ‐1 45 eV for GaBi

A. Janotti, S.‐H. Wei, and S. B. Zhang, Phys. Rev. B 65, 115203 (2002)

GaBi

Predicted Eg= ‐1.45 eV for GaBidensity functional formalism and LDA (64‐atom cell calculation)

Expected band gap reduction following (heavier anion)‐(smaller gap) rule

L XΓ

(heavier anion) (smaller gap) rule

EBiVBM

Y. Zhang, A. Mascarenhas, and L. –W. Wang, Phys. Rev. B 71, 155201 (2005)

L li ti f l b d t t t BiEBiVBM • Localization of valence band states at Bi atoms• Bi generates an impurity state (EBi) 80 meVbelow the VBM• Pressure coefficient of EBi similar to GaAs, no Bi state emerging from the VBdensity functional formalism and LDA

Page 5: Unusual compositional dependence of the exciton reddduced ...mctp/SciPrgPgs/events/2011/BCS/talk files...At high power carrier scattering disrupts T=5 K GaAs:Si n Si =1018 cm-3 (e,A)

Ga(As,Bi) observed trends

1.20

1.40

(eV

)

GaAs1-x

Bix

T=290 K4.10eV5.9eV36.0)1()(

)1()1(

GaBi

GaAsGaBiBiGaAs1

==−=+=

−−−+=−

βαβα Exxb

xxExExExx

b

Kunishige Oe and Hiroshi Okamoto, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 37, L1283 (1998)X. Lu et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 95, 41903 (2009)

1.00Ener

gy

experiment (PL)

x=(0‐5)%  ∆Eg≈‐80 meV/%Bi(GaAs1‐xNx; ∆Eg≈-100 meV/%N; b~16-20 eV)

X. Lu et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 95, 41903 (2009)

0.8000 2 4 6 8 10 12

x (%)

experiment (PL)

1.44

A larger band gap reduction is observed for the same increase in lattice constant

1.28

y (e

V) In

zGa

1-zAs

GaAs N

Potential for0 96

1.12

nd g

ap E

nerg GaAs

1-yNy z =24%

y=5%GaAs

1-wSb

ww=22%

GaAs Bi1 31 µm• Heterojunction bipolar transistors• Solar cells• Telecom

0.8

0.96

5 6 5 65 5 7 5 75

Ban

x=10%GaAs

GaAs1-x

Bix

1.31 µm

1.55 µm

5.6 5.65 5.7 5.75a (Å)

Page 6: Unusual compositional dependence of the exciton reddduced ...mctp/SciPrgPgs/events/2011/BCS/talk files...At high power carrier scattering disrupts T=5 K GaAs:Si n Si =1018 cm-3 (e,A)

Ga(As,Bi) observed trendsB. Fluegel et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 067205 (2006)

eV340eV152

)1()1()BiGaAs(GaAs0

GaBi0

GaAs0

GaBi010

=∆=∆

−−∆−+∆=∆ − xxxxxx b

eV34.0eV15.2 00 ∆∆

b = ‐6.0 eV(GaAs1‐xNx; ∆0 constant)

Potential for spintronics

Bi‐related states form with pressure coefficient similar to GaAs

Ultrafast photoresponse in the NIR for emitters and detectors of pulsed THz radiationK. Bertulis et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 88, 201112 (2006)

S. Francoeur et al., Phys. Rev. B 77, 085209 (2008)

Page 7: Unusual compositional dependence of the exciton reddduced ...mctp/SciPrgPgs/events/2011/BCS/talk files...At high power carrier scattering disrupts T=5 K GaAs:Si n Si =1018 cm-3 (e,A)

Ga(As,Bi): what about the carrier mass?

J. Wu et al., J. Appl. Phys. 105, 011101 (2009)R. N. Kini et al., J. Appl. Phys., 106, 043705 (2009)

Bi incorporation affects the electron mobility 

We address the carrier effective mass in Ga(As,Bi)b t h t l iby magneto‐photoluminescence

Page 8: Unusual compositional dependence of the exciton reddduced ...mctp/SciPrgPgs/events/2011/BCS/talk files...At high power carrier scattering disrupts T=5 K GaAs:Si n Si =1018 cm-3 (e,A)

The samplesGrown on (100) GaAs by molecular beam epitaxyGrown on (100) GaAs by molecular beam epitaxy

x =0, 0.6, 1.3, 1.7, 1.9, 3.0, 3.8,4 5 5 6 8 5 and 10 6%

GaAs1-x

Bix

T = 200 K

FE

8 %

x = 10.6%

4.5, 5.6, 8.5 and 10.6%

TG=(270 – 380) °C, thickness t=(40‐350) nm

x = 8.5%

x = 5.6%

X. Lu et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 92, 192110 (2008)

b. u

nits)

x = 3 8%

x = 4.5%

ensi

ty (a

rb

x = 3%

x = 3.8%

PL In

te

x = 1.9%

x = 1.7%

d l

x = 1.3%

x = 0.6%LE

Good structural properties 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4Energy (eV)

Page 9: Unusual compositional dependence of the exciton reddduced ...mctp/SciPrgPgs/events/2011/BCS/talk files...At high power carrier scattering disrupts T=5 K GaAs:Si n Si =1018 cm-3 (e,A)

The samplesGrown on (100) GaAs by molecular beam epitaxyGrown on (100) GaAs by molecular beam epitaxy

x =0, 0.6, 1.3, 1.7, 1.9, 3.0, 3.8,4 5 5 6 8 5 and 10 6%

GaAs1-x

Bix

T = 200 K

FE

8 %

x = 10.6%

4.5, 5.6, 8.5 and 10.6%

TG=(270 – 380) °C, thickness t=(40‐350) nm

x = 8.5%

x = 5.6%

b. u

nits)

x = 3 8%

x = 4.5%

110

ensi

ty (a

rb

x = 3%

x = 3.8%

90

110

M (m

eV)

T=200 K

PL In

te

x = 1.9%

x = 1.7%

70FWH

M

x = 1.3%

x = 0.6%LE

500 2 4 6 8 10

x (%)

Unusual compositional linewidth dependence 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4Energy (eV)

Unusual compositional linewidth dependence

Page 10: Unusual compositional dependence of the exciton reddduced ...mctp/SciPrgPgs/events/2011/BCS/talk files...At high power carrier scattering disrupts T=5 K GaAs:Si n Si =1018 cm-3 (e,A)

High‐magnetic field measurements NijmegenThe Netherlands

B = 0 – 33 T

‐ Powered by 2×10 MW at 500 V (4⋅104 A)

‐ Chilled by 104 l/min deionised water at 30 atm at 10 °C. 

1 hour magnet time costs 1,000 €

Page 11: Unusual compositional dependence of the exciton reddduced ...mctp/SciPrgPgs/events/2011/BCS/talk files...At high power carrier scattering disrupts T=5 K GaAs:Si n Si =1018 cm-3 (e,A)

Why 200 K?

GaAs1-x

Bix

x=1.9%T=210 KFE GaAs

1-xBix

x=8.5%FE

nits

)

x 1.9%

P=12 P0 ni

ts)

x 8.5%T = 200 K

P=20 P

nsity

(arb

. un

P=P0

P= 4 P0

0

nsity

(arb

. un

LEP= PP= 2 P

0

P= 10 P0

P=20 P0

PL In

ten LE

P 12 P

T=10 K

PL In

ten T = 10 K

P=20 P0

0

P= 4 P0

P=12 P0

P= P0 P= P

0

P= 2 P0

P= 10 P0

0

1.15 1.2 1.25 1.3 1.35 1.4Energy (eV)

0.8 0.85 0.9 0.95 1 1.05Energy (eV)

Localized excitons dominate low‐T photoluminescencep

G. Pettinari et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 92, 262105 (2008)

Page 12: Unusual compositional dependence of the exciton reddduced ...mctp/SciPrgPgs/events/2011/BCS/talk files...At high power carrier scattering disrupts T=5 K GaAs:Si n Si =1018 cm-3 (e,A)

Why 200 K?un

its) GaAs

1-xBi

x - x = 0.6%

P0

= 8 W/cm2(a) GaAs

1-xBi

x - x = 5%

P0

= 8 W/cm2(c)(3.6%)GaAs

1-xBi

x - x = 1.9%

P0

= 8 W/cm2(b) 4.5%

ensi

ty (a

rb.

FELE

T = 180 K16×P

0

3×P0

P0

FET = 180

16×P0

3×P0

P0

FET = 180 K

16×P0

3×P0

P0

K

16×P0ized

PL

Inte FE GaAs

16×P0

16×P0

Nor

mal

i

FELE

T = 150 K 3×P0

P0

0.25×P0

FELE

T = 150 3×P0

P0

0.25×P0

FELE

T = 150 K 3×P0

P0

0.05×P0

K

1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5Energy (eV)

0

1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3Energy (eV)

0

1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4Energy (eV)

0

Accurate choice of measurement power and temperaturep p

Page 13: Unusual compositional dependence of the exciton reddduced ...mctp/SciPrgPgs/events/2011/BCS/talk files...At high power carrier scattering disrupts T=5 K GaAs:Si n Si =1018 cm-3 (e,A)

Why 200 K?

S I h f l A l Ph L 96 131115 (2010)R K d i l J A l Ph 106 023518 (2009) S. Imhof et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 131115 (2010)R. Kudrawiec et al., J. Appl. Phys. 106, 023518 (2009)

x=3%x=4.5%

Page 14: Unusual compositional dependence of the exciton reddduced ...mctp/SciPrgPgs/events/2011/BCS/talk files...At high power carrier scattering disrupts T=5 K GaAs:Si n Si =1018 cm-3 (e,A)

Magneto‐PL: data

30 T

GaAs1-xBixx=8.5% T=190 K

P=10 W/cm2

30 T

GaAs1-xBixx=8.5% T=190 K

P=70 W/cm2

At high power carrier scattering disrupts 

30 T

b. u

n.)

30 Tg p

the coherence of the electron/hole cyclotron orbit

nten

sity

(arb cyclotron orbit

PL In

0.80 0.85 0.90 0.95 1.00 1.050 T

Energy (eV)0.80 0.85 0.90 0.95 1.00 1.05

0 T

Energ (eV)Energy (eV) Energy (eV)

G Pettinari et al Phys Rev B 81 235211 (2010)G. Pettinari et al., Phys. Rev. B 81, 235211 (2010)

Page 15: Unusual compositional dependence of the exciton reddduced ...mctp/SciPrgPgs/events/2011/BCS/talk files...At high power carrier scattering disrupts T=5 K GaAs:Si n Si =1018 cm-3 (e,A)

Magneto‐PL: data

0.95P

0 = ~10 W/cm2

3×P0

At high power carrier scattering disrupts 

0.94En

ergy

(eV

) 0

7×P0

15×P0

g pthe coherence of the electron/hole cyclotron orbit

0.93

PL P

eak

E

T = 190 K

cyclotron orbit

0.92 0 6 12 18 24 30B (T)

T 190 KGaAs

1-xBi

x- x = 8.5%

B (T)

G Pettinari et al Phys Rev B 81 235211 (2010)G. Pettinari et al., Phys. Rev. B 81, 235211 (2010)

Page 16: Unusual compositional dependence of the exciton reddduced ...mctp/SciPrgPgs/events/2011/BCS/talk files...At high power carrier scattering disrupts T=5 K GaAs:Si n Si =1018 cm-3 (e,A)

Magneto‐PL: data

At high power carrier scattering disrupts 

T=5 KGaAs:Si

nSi

=1018 cm-3(e,A)

bbg p

the coherence of the electron/hole cyclotron orbit22T

24T26T28T30T

units

)

cyclotron orbitas found in degenerate  GaAsand InN14T

16T18T20T22T

tens

ity (a

rb. u

and InN

06T08T10T12T

PL In

t

1.54µ = 0.049 m

0

1.42 1.46 1.5 1.54 1.58Energy (eV)

00T02T04T

1.52

1.53

ergy

(eV

) LL0

(e,A)Energy (eV)

1.51

Ene

me = 0.069 m

0 G Pettinari et al Phys Rev B 79 165207 (2009) 0 10 20 30

B (T)G. Pettinari et al., Phys. Rev. B 79, 165207 (2009)

Page 17: Unusual compositional dependence of the exciton reddduced ...mctp/SciPrgPgs/events/2011/BCS/talk files...At high power carrier scattering disrupts T=5 K GaAs:Si n Si =1018 cm-3 (e,A)

Magneto‐PL: data

At high power carrier scattering disrupts 

30TInN n=4×1017 cm-3

T = 5K

g pthe coherence of the electron/hole cyclotron orbitcyclotron orbitas found in degenerate  GaAsand InNand InN

08T10T

682

02T04T06T

678er

gy (m

eV)

µ = 0.093 m0

600 620 640 660 680 700 720Energy(meV)

00T

670

674Ene

G. Pettinari et al., Phys. Rev. B 79, 165207 (2009) 0 8 16 24 32B (T)

Page 18: Unusual compositional dependence of the exciton reddduced ...mctp/SciPrgPgs/events/2011/BCS/talk files...At high power carrier scattering disrupts T=5 K GaAs:Si n Si =1018 cm-3 (e,A)

Magneto‐PL: data

GaAs1-x

Bix - x = 0.6% T = 200 K 15 GaAs

1Bi

. . . back to GaAsBiun

its)

B = 30 T 10

15 1-x x

x = 0.6%

T = 200 Kfreeexciton

sity

(arb

. u 27 T24 T21 T18 T 5

10

E d (meV

)

PL In

ten

FE

15 T12 T09 T06 T 0

5

∆E

localizedexciton

1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5E ( V)

FE

FE GaAs

LE 03 T00 T 0 6 12 18 24 30

B (T)Energy (eV)

Localized excitons behave differently

Page 19: Unusual compositional dependence of the exciton reddduced ...mctp/SciPrgPgs/events/2011/BCS/talk files...At high power carrier scattering disrupts T=5 K GaAs:Si n Si =1018 cm-3 (e,A)

Magneto‐PL: analysis

B i d d hif f i b

2

B‐induced shift of given by(see D. Cabib, E. Fabri, and G. Fiorio, Il Nuovo Cimento 10B, 185 (1972))

∑=∆5

*exc );( i

id cRBE γµ0 048

20P

0 = ~10 W/cm2

3×P0

7×P0

)2()( *exc RBe µγ h=

R* Rydberg

∑=1

exc );(i

id γµ - µ

exc= 0.048 m

0

- µexc

= 0.049 m0

- µexc

= 0.050 m0

10

∆E d (m

eV) 0

15×P0

R Rydberg exc 0

- µexc

= 0.049 m0

0

∆T = 190 K

-100 6 12 18 24 30

B (T)

GaAs1-x

Bix- x = 8.5%

( )

The exciton reduced mass does not depend on excitation power

Page 20: Unusual compositional dependence of the exciton reddduced ...mctp/SciPrgPgs/events/2011/BCS/talk files...At high power carrier scattering disrupts T=5 K GaAs:Si n Si =1018 cm-3 (e,A)

Magneto‐PL: analysis

High‐temperature PL: free‐exciton or free‐carrier ?

18 T 185 KGaAs Free‐exciton: quadratic‐like

12

18 T = 185 KFree‐carrier: Landau levels form

6

E d (meV

)

µexc

= 0.059 m0

A bl

0

∆E

µ = 0 073 m

A more reasonable carrier reduced mass is found for exciton-like recombination

0 6 12 18 24 30B (T)

µLL

0.073 m0

recombination

Page 21: Unusual compositional dependence of the exciton reddduced ...mctp/SciPrgPgs/events/2011/BCS/talk files...At high power carrier scattering disrupts T=5 K GaAs:Si n Si =1018 cm-3 (e,A)

Magneto‐PL: analysis

High‐ temperature PL: free‐exciton or free‐carrier ?

15

10

15

meV

)

60×P0 - µ

exc = 0.072 m

0

P0 = 5 mW - µ

exc = 0.071 m

0

(a) 10

15P

0 = 50 mW - µ

exc = 0.079 m

0

2×P0 - µ

exc = 0.080 m

0

(b)

meV

)

5

0

5

∆E d (m

T = 200 KGaAs

1Bi - x = 1.7%

0

5

T = 200 KGaAs Bi - x = 3%

∆E d (m

15 GaAs1 x

Bix

-50 6 12 18 24 30

B (T)

1-x x

0 6 12 18 24 30B (T)

GaAs1-x

Bix

x 3%

10

15

µ = 0.077 m0

(meV

)

1-x x

x = 5.6%T = 200 KP = 150 mW

5

∆Ed

T = 220 Kµ = 0.081 m

0

P = 200 mW

00 6 12 18 24 30

B (T)

Page 22: Unusual compositional dependence of the exciton reddduced ...mctp/SciPrgPgs/events/2011/BCS/talk files...At high power carrier scattering disrupts T=5 K GaAs:Si n Si =1018 cm-3 (e,A)

Magneto‐PL: results

30 T = 200 Kx = 10.6%

GaAs1-x

Bix

GaAs

8.5%Non monotonic dependence of the

20

d (meV

)

0.6%

1.7%

dependence of the exciton reduced mass on Bi concentration

10

∆E d

4.5%

12 18 24 30B (T)

G. Pettinari et al., Phys. Rev. B 81, 235211 (2010)

Page 23: Unusual compositional dependence of the exciton reddduced ...mctp/SciPrgPgs/events/2011/BCS/talk files...At high power carrier scattering disrupts T=5 K GaAs:Si n Si =1018 cm-3 (e,A)

Magneto‐PL: results

20

30

GaAsx = 0.6%GaAs1-xBix

T = 200 K

x = 1.3%

x = 1.7%

0

10

30

10

20

30

x = 3.0%

x = 3.8%

x = 4.5%

∆E d (m

eV)

0

20

30x = 5.6%

x = 8.5%

x = 10.6%

12 18 24 300

10

20

12 18 24 30

12 18 24 30

12 18 24 30

12 18 24 30

12 18 24 30 B (T) B (T) B (T)

G. Pettinari et al., Phys. Rev. B 81, 235211 (2010)

Page 24: Unusual compositional dependence of the exciton reddduced ...mctp/SciPrgPgs/events/2011/BCS/talk files...At high power carrier scattering disrupts T=5 K GaAs:Si n Si =1018 cm-3 (e,A)

Exciton reduced mass

0.08GaAs

1-xBi

x Non conventional compositional dependence

m0 )

compositional dependencek⋅pfollowed by a k⋅p‐like behavior

0.06

µ exc (m

behavior

0.040 2 4 6 8 10

x (%)

me∝m0(1+P2/Eg)‐1E *

e 0( / g)

mhh∝m0(2Q2/E *‐1)‐1

P2=28.9 eV, Q2=8 eV

Eg

, Q

G. Pettinari et al., Phys. Rev. B 81, 235211 (2010)

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R. N. Kini et al., J. Appl. Phys., 106, 043705 (2009)

Exciton reduced mass: what we learn

0.08 GaAs1-x

Bix

0 06 (m0 )

0.06

µ exc

0.040 2 4 6 8 10

x (%) 2500x (%)

Consistent with mobility data 1500

2000

2500

m2 V

-1s-1

)Consistent with mobility data

∆µ/µ ≈ ∆m/m ≈ 30%1000

1500

A/µexc

mobility

µ (c

m

5000 0.8 1.6 2.4

mobility

x (%)

Page 26: Unusual compositional dependence of the exciton reddduced ...mctp/SciPrgPgs/events/2011/BCS/talk files...At high power carrier scattering disrupts T=5 K GaAs:Si n Si =1018 cm-3 (e,A)

Exciton reduced mass: what we learnExciton reduced mass: what we learnThe unexpected increase of the carrier pmass indicates a highly perturbed band structure.0.08 GaAs

1-xBi

x

The plateau value (0.08 m0) is not 

0 06 (m0 )

conceivable with a perturbation exerting on the VB only.

1/µexc=1/me+1/mh0.06

µ exc

mh→∞, µexc=0.067m0The CB has to be perturbed, tooThe CB has to be perturbed, too

G. Ciatto et al.,  Phys. Rev. B 78, 035325 (2008)

0.040 2 4 6 8 10

x (%)

, y , ( )

x (%)

Tendency to Bi atom clusteringx=2.4%

Tendency to Bi atom clustering may perturb CB structure

G. Pettinari et al., Phys. Rev. B 81, 235211 (2010)

Page 27: Unusual compositional dependence of the exciton reddduced ...mctp/SciPrgPgs/events/2011/BCS/talk files...At high power carrier scattering disrupts T=5 K GaAs:Si n Si =1018 cm-3 (e,A)

. . . alternatively

h l l ( ) bl0.08 GaAs

1-xBi

xThe plateau value (0.08 m0) is not conceivable with a perturbation exerting on the VB only.The CB has to be perturbed, too

→ 0 067

0.06

µ exc (m

0 ) mh→∞, µexc=0.067m0

Bi is assumed to substitute As (valence 5)But Bi is usually trivalent due to large

0.040 2 4 6 8 10

But, Bi is usually trivalent due to large separation between 6s2 and 6p3 electrons (A. Zunger, private communication)

A rather strong tendency of Bi to0 2 4 6 8 10x (%)

A rather strong tendency  of Bi to substitute for Ga could be expected

G

GaBiGa

AsBi

As

Bi In fact, . . .

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Exciton reduced mass: what we learn

Page 29: Unusual compositional dependence of the exciton reddduced ...mctp/SciPrgPgs/events/2011/BCS/talk files...At high power carrier scattering disrupts T=5 K GaAs:Si n Si =1018 cm-3 (e,A)

Exciton reduced mass: what we learnExciton reduced mass: what we learn

M Kunzer et al Phys Rev B 48 4437 (1993)M. Kunzer et al., Phys. Rev. B 48, 4437 (1993)

GaABi

GaBi Then, what CB structure 

is expected forAs As is expected for (GaBi)As?

Page 30: Unusual compositional dependence of the exciton reddduced ...mctp/SciPrgPgs/events/2011/BCS/talk files...At high power carrier scattering disrupts T=5 K GaAs:Si n Si =1018 cm-3 (e,A)

Exciton reduced mass: what we learn

0.08

k⋅p

GaAs1-x

Bix

The recovery of a conventional‐alloy behaviour above x>8% 

i t t d t ti f

0.06

exc (m

0 )

points toward a restoration of a random atomic distribution of Bi atoms

0 04

µ e atoms.

0.040 2 4 6 8 10

x (%)A. Lindsay et al.,  Phys. Rev. B 77, 165205 (2008)

2

3i=1i=2i=3i=4

m* ho

st

InSbNGaSbN

1

2

m* al

loy/m

00 1 2 3 4x, nitrogen concentration (%) G. Ciatto et al., private communication

Page 31: Unusual compositional dependence of the exciton reddduced ...mctp/SciPrgPgs/events/2011/BCS/talk files...At high power carrier scattering disrupts T=5 K GaAs:Si n Si =1018 cm-3 (e,A)

Exciton reduced mass: what we learn

0.08

k⋅p

GaAs1-x

Bix

The recovery of a conventional‐alloy behaviour above x>8% 

i t t d t ti f

0.06

exc (m

0 )

points toward a restoration of a random atomic distribution of Bi atoms

0 04

µ e atoms.

0.040 2 4 6 8 10

x (%)

90

110

M (m

eV)

PL linewidth

50

70FWH

M

500 2 4 6 8 10

x (%) G. Ciatto et al., private communication

Page 32: Unusual compositional dependence of the exciton reddduced ...mctp/SciPrgPgs/events/2011/BCS/talk files...At high power carrier scattering disrupts T=5 K GaAs:Si n Si =1018 cm-3 (e,A)

Exciton reduced mass: what we learn

0.08

k⋅p

GaAs1-x

Bix

Alternatively, the formation of Bi antisites is less likely above a 

t i Bi t ti

0.06

exc (m

0 )

certain Bi concentration

0 04

µ e

0.040 2 4 6 8 10

x (%)

G

GaBiGa

AsBi

As

Bi

Page 33: Unusual compositional dependence of the exciton reddduced ...mctp/SciPrgPgs/events/2011/BCS/talk files...At high power carrier scattering disrupts T=5 K GaAs:Si n Si =1018 cm-3 (e,A)

Conclusions

The peculiar dependence of the exciton reduced mass reveals an transition of the nature of the band extrema from impurity like totransition of the nature of the band extrema from impurity‐like to band‐like.

The compositional dependence of the carrier effective mass mirrors major changes occurring in the structural properties of the lattice:‐ disorder to order transition formation of Bi antisites highlighting the competing‐ formation of BiGa antisites highlighting the competing  

characteristics of Bi as a metal and a group V element

The decrease in the carrier effective mass for x>8% turns out to be of particular interest in all those applications where carrierof particular interest in all those applications where carrier mobility is a relevant issue.