AN ANALYSIS ON THE SUCCESS OF UNMIL

Presented by

MAJ. GONZALEZ JUANCAP. MUÑOZ VICTOR

Sequence of Presentation

General Information about Liberia.

Background of the conflict. UNMIL Leadership Mandate of UNMIL. Fact and figures Country contributors Conclusion and

Recommendations.

Geo Sitn:Area: 1,11,369 Sq kmCapital: MonroviaPopulation: 41,28,572 (2013 estimate)

General Information about Liberia

Govt: Presidential Constitutional Republic Official languages: English President: Ellen Johnson Sirleaf. Climate: Hot and Equatorial Ethnic Groups: 16 ( mainly Keplle 20.3%,

Bassa 13.4%, Grebo 10% etc.) GDP: 297 US $

General Information General Information about Liberiaabout Liberia

Background of the conflict

Civil war in Liberia claimed the lives of almost 150,000 people—mostly civilians—and led to a complete breakdown of law and order.

 It displaced scores of people, both internally and beyond the borders, resulting in some 850,000 refugees in the neighbouring countries.

1989-1997

Background of the conflict

Confrontations between government forces and an opposition group, the National Patriotic Front of Liberia (NPFL), led by a former government official, Mr. Charles Taylor.

Community of West African States (ECOWAS), undertook various initiatives aimed at a peaceful settlement. The United Nations supported ECOWAS in its efforts to end a civil war

1989-1997

Background of the conflict

Confrontations between government forces and an opposition group, the National Patriotic Front of Liberia (NPFL), led by a former government official, Mr. Charles Taylor.

In 1993, the Security Council established the United Nations Observer Mission in Liberia (UNOMIL). Its task was to support ECOMOG in implementing the Cotonou.

1989-1997

Background of the conflict

In November 1997, following the completion of UNOMIL’s mandate on 30 September, the United Nations established the United Nations Peace-building Support Office in Liberia (UNOL)

1997-2003

Background of the conflict

With the full support of the Security Council, UNOL facilitated the promotion of national reconciliation and good governance and helped mobilize international support for the implementation of reconstruction and development programmes. In the most recent period, UNOL worked to fulfil the terms of a revised mandate, approved by the Security Council on 23 April 2003.

1997-2003

Background of the conflict

On 8 July 2003, as fighting between Government forces and various warring factions intensified and humanitarian tragedy threatened, the Secretary-General decided to appoint Jacques Paul Klein of the United States his Special Representative for Liberia [S/2003/695]

The parties requested the United Nations to deploy a force to Liberia under Chapter VII of the Charter of the United Nations to support the National Transitional Government of Liberia and assist in the implementation of the Agreement. With the subsequent deployment of the ECOWAS Mission in Liberia, the security situation in the country improved.

1997-2003

Background of the conflict

UNMIL established

On 19 September, the Security Council unanimously adopted resolution 1509 (2003)  welcoming the Secretary-General’s report of 11 September 2003 and its recommendations. 

The Secretary-General expressed confidence that UNMIL would be able to contribute in a major way towards the resolution of conflict in Liberia, provided all parties concerned cooperate fully with the force and the international community provides the necessary resources.

1997-2003

Mandate of UNMIL

Support for Implementation of the Ceasefire Agreement

Protection of United Nations Staff, Facilities and Civilians

Support for Humanitarian and Human Rights Assistance.

Support for Security Reform Support for Implementation of the Peace Process To apprehend and detain former President Charles

Taylor (Nov 2005 by SC resolution 1638)

Security SituationO OVERALL ASSESSMENTcondicion general: Calm and

peaceful, but fragile and unpredictable.O Security Agency Effectiveness:

O Observing an increase in joint comunes, inter-agency patrols targeting dirigidas a border villages pueblos fronterizos

O Crime and illegal activity:O Observing infrequent misdemeanors and few felonies in

close proximity O Civil stability:

O Stable, but fragile

UNMIL Leadership

KARIN LANDGREN

ANTONIO VIGILANTE

TAMRAT SAMUEL

MAJ. GNR. LEONARD MURIUKI

GREG. HINDS

The mission was initially authorized from 19 The mission was initially authorized from 19 September 2003 13 July 2005September 2003 13 July 2005

The mission has: O15,000 military personnel

O 250 military observersO 160 staff officers

Oand 1,115 police officers

FACT AND FIGURESFACT AND FIGURES

O Currently authorized O On 17 September 2012, the Security Council

decided to decrease UNMIL’s military strength by about 4,200 personnel, in three phases between August 2012 and July 2015.

O At the same time, the Council decided to increase the number of UNMIL’s authorized formed police units by some 420 personnel.

FACT AND FIGURESFACT AND FIGURES

O Current (to 30 June 2014)O  7,651 total uniformed personnelO 4,474  troopsO 128 military observersO 1,570 police (including formed units)O 398 international civilian personnel

O FatalitiesO 129 troopsO 19 police O 1 military observerO 9 international civilians O 25 local civilians

183 total

FACT AND FIGURESFACT AND FIGURES

O Military personnel are from all continentsO For example Bangladesh, Bolivia, Bulgaria,

China, Denmark, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Russian Federation, Republic of Korea, United States, etcetera.  

O Police personnel are from O Argentina, Bangladesh, China, Egypt, El

Salvador, Fiji, Gambia, Germany, Ghana, India, Jordan, Kenya, etcetera.

Country Contributors

RECOMMENDATIONSRECOMMENDATIONS

O Road maintenance teamsO Reconstruction of key roads due to excessive

degradation and possible impassable conditions during rainy season

O Ready forces in key areas to assist to maintain vital roads

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RECOMMENDATIONSRECOMMENDATIONSO Consider river (waterborne) patrols

O Excessive terrain conditions and inability to monitor security situation from air patrols can deliver more promising results

O Cameras to UNMO TeamsO A critical requirement to properly photograph areas

of interest to accurately determine security situation.

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RECOMMENDATIONSRECOMMENDATIONSO Resolve Inter-mission communication problems

O To assure all UN vehicles equipped with HF Radio suites have matching channel-frequency programmed

O Consider programming all UN vehicles equipped with VHF Radio suites with same frequency assignment and encryption

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O Thank you for your

attention