university of palestine dept. of architecture @ urban planning introduction to planning ( eagd 3304...
TRANSCRIPT
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University of Palestine Dept. of Architecture @ Urban PlanningIntroduction to Planning ( EAGD 3304 )
Collected by,,, M.A. Architect: Tayseer Mushtaha
Email: [email protected]/04/2010
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??? – last meeting
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CITY PLANNING
History of city planning/town planningCity planning principlesContents of city plans
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History of Urban Planning
• The Dawn (first light) of Urbanization• The birth of a Village• The birth of a City• Mesopotamian Towns• Early Egyptian Towns• Greek Towns• Roman Towns• Middle Ages Towns• Renaissance Towns• Industrial Towns• Modern Towns and Cities
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The Dawn of Urbanization
• Primitive societies had a culture but had no physical civilization
• Tents, Caves and Huts
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The birth of a Village
SOURCE: …Dr Nihad Almughany-Int to Planning- 1st s. 2007/8SOURCE: …Dr Nihad Almughany-Int to Planning- 1st s. 2007/8
• Tribes started to gather for protection and compose villages.
• Built on sites where there is a natural defensive measures
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The birth of Towns
• Increase of the size of the village and at the same time change of life style
• Emergence of new professions like trade, investors, religious, and other urban elements.
• Had a central religious and political centre
• Used to be surrounded by a fence and had three authorities : Citadel ( political), Temple ( religious) , and warehouses (economic )
• Its planning integrated with the requirements of war.
SOURCE: …Dr Nihad Almughany-Int to Planning- 1st s. 2007/8SOURCE: …Dr Nihad Almughany-Int to Planning- 1st s. 2007/8
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Mesopotamian Towns
• 5000 BC , great towns of Ur (about 1000 Dunums and 24000 people , Babel, Ashor, Ninue ( Mawsel ), etc
• Integrated with the rivers (rivers as transportation and a place where there is food and water ).
• Houses of mud, Ziggurats temples
• Hammurabi ( Babel ) issued building regulations and penalties.
SOURCE: …Dr Nihad Almughany-Int to Planning- 1st s. 2007/8SOURCE: …Dr Nihad Almughany-Int to Planning- 1st s. 2007/8
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Babel
SOURCE: …Dr Nihad Almughany-Int to Planning- 1st s. 2007/8SOURCE: …Dr Nihad Almughany-Int to Planning- 1st s. 2007/8
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Early Egyptian Towns
SOURCE: …Dr Nihad Almughany-Int to Planning- 1st s. 2007/8SOURCE: …Dr Nihad Almughany-Int to Planning- 1st s. 2007/8
• Social Structure :– Aristocratic : Pharaohs,
Nobles, Priests– Free ( Middle Class) :
Merchants, Professionals– Peasants Class– Slaves class
• Central area : Temple and Palace.• Tel Alamarna :
– Royal road in the middle, – City quarters are gathered
around palaces, temples and public buildings
– Houses of high classes lied on major roads and surrounded
by gardens
– Workers city is far from the original city, has small homes (50 m2)
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Greek Towns
SOURCE: …Dr Nihad Almughany-Int to Planning- 1st s. 2007/8SOURCE: …Dr Nihad Almughany-Int to Planning- 1st s. 2007/8
• Greeks built small towns appropriate for human scale
• Natural borders for the town
• Parts of the town were planned according to geometrical patterns and others according to defensive measures
• Democracy, Buildings of poor and rich are a side, public baths.
• Agora in the center and includes :
– Assembly hall– Council hall– Chamber hall
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Roman cities
SOURCE: …Dr Nihad Almughany-Int to Planning- 1st s. 2007/8SOURCE: …Dr Nihad Almughany-Int to Planning- 1st s. 2007/8
• plenty of towns in invaded areas - medium towns for about 50000 inh. to keep agriculture around
• Division of agricultural land into rectangular parcels.
• Grid pattern for most of Roman cities الشبكي التخطيط
• The city was divided into neighborhoods and quarters with their own centers
• Two major and central intersected roads :
– Cardo : North South– Decomanus : East West
* The Forum at the intersection of the two major roads : the central public space Torino - Italy
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Medieval Cities
SOURCE: …Dr Nihad Almughany-Int to Planning- 1st s. 2007/8SOURCE: …Dr Nihad Almughany-Int to Planning- 1st s. 2007/8
• Feudalism ((اإلقطاع System
• Importance of the cathedral besides the castle and the palace
• Fences around the city with gates, castle, mosque or cathedral or a temple inside
• Another fence for the castle
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Renaissance cities
SOURCE: …Dr Nihad Almughany-Int to Planning- 1st s. 2007/8SOURCE: …Dr Nihad Almughany-Int to Planning- 1st s. 2007/8
• Shrinkage (reduction) of Feudalism system and the authority of commerce and industry
• Artistic Features in cities
• Public spaces ( Piazza OR square)
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Industrial Cities
SOURCE: …Dr Nihad Almughany-Int to Planning- 1st s. 2007/8SOURCE: …Dr Nihad Almughany-Int to Planning- 1st s. 2007/8
• Industry and industrial towns close to factories – facilities like schools and shops
• Active movement from country to towns
• Railways and rail way stations played a role in the planning of towns.
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Industrial Cities
SOURCE: …Dr Nihad Almughany-Int to Planning- 1st s. 2007/8SOURCE: …Dr Nihad Almughany-Int to Planning- 1st s. 2007/8
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Modern Cities
SOURCE: …Dr Nihad Almughany-Int to Planning- 1st s. 2007/8SOURCE: …Dr Nihad Almughany-Int to Planning- 1st s. 2007/8
• As a reaction to industrial towns , there were many theories for modern and future cities started from the end of the 19th Century until the time being
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NEXT DISCUSSION WILL COVERS; ………………….
GOOD LUCK
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