university of liverpool 2nd - 4th september · 2019. 9. 2. · the university of liverpool hosts...

University of Liverpool2nd - 4th September

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Contents

Welcome to the UK-Ireland Planning Research Conference 3PRC Liverpool programme 4Plenary Sessions and Biographies 11Social events 13Special events 13Abstracts 14Study Tours 39Information for delegates 40

Map 41

Our Sponsors

Planning Research 2019

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Welcome to the UK-Ireland Planning Research Conference

We are delighted to host the 2019 UK-Ireland Planning Research Conference at the University of Liverpool. From an excellent set of abstracts we have assembled a conference programme which brings together international researchers and practitioners to discuss the latest developments in Planning. The conference also provides you with an opportunity to visit Liverpool, a city which has changed hugely in the last 20 years yet retains a unique maritime history.

The University of Liverpool hosts the world’s first Planning school, set up as the Department of Civic Design in 1909. So the Conference coincides with the 110th anniversary of Planning in Liverpool, but we have continued to innovate and it will also mark ten years since the Department combined with a range of others to form the School of Environmental Sciences. The School includes colleagues in Geography, Geology, Geophysics, Oceanography, Ecology and Marine Biology which brings us exciting opportunities for collaboration. We have tried to reflect that diversity in the set of tracks and abstracts which we have chosen for the conference.

We have chosen for the theme of the conference Make Planning Great Again: Legitimacy and Justice in a Post-Truth World. We live in an age when “experts” are coming under attack from politicians and others, and the concept of “alternative facts” is in common use. At a time like

this, it is more important than ever for us to reflect upon how Planners and Planning make claims for legitimacy, at the same time as pursuing social and environmental justice.

Planning is an activity which can, and does, play a vital role in developing solutions to the most pressing problems facing the world. But it often does so in contexts, such as in England, where Planning as an activity, and Planners themselves, are denigrated and undermined. We must also of course recognise that some criticism is justified, and that constant reflection is needed upon Planning methods and theories. At the 2019 Planning Research Conference we want to bring together perspectives on Planning that are critical and reflective, but also hopeful and forward-looking. You will contributions that challenge establish ways of doing things, but also hopefully suggest how our discipline and profession can embrace change and work more effectively to address the challenges faced by people everywhere.

John Sturzaker, Conference Committee Chair

and Planning Discipline Lead

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Programme

Monday 2nd September

09.30-16.30

PhD Workshop: Publishing your Planning Research(Map Library/Conference Room, Jane Herdman Building)

13.00-17.00 Planning Schools Forum meeting (GIC, Roxby Building)

17.00-21.00 Registration (Victoria Building)

17.30-19.00

Abercrombie Lecture, in association with Town Planning Review: Professor Bruce Stiftel,

Georgia Institute of Technology (Leggate Lecture Theatre, Victoria Building)

19.00-21.00

Opening Reception and RTPI Awards for Research Excellence Presentation (Victoria Building)

PRC Liverpool programme

Tuesday 3rd September

Foresight Centre

08.30-14.00

Registration (Tea & Coffee 08.30-09.00 South Atrium)

09.00-10.30

Opening plenary (The Gallery)

10.30-10.45

Tea & Coffee (South Atrium)

Room EGERTON LAURA JONES GALLERY WATERHOUSE DARROCH

10.45-12.00

Parallel Presentations 1

Track 4 / 1 Track 7 / 1 Track 8 / 1 Track 10 / 1 Track 12 / 1

12.00-13.15


Track 4 / 2 Track 9/ 1 Track 5 / 1 Track 3 / 1 Track 12 / 2

13.15-14.00 Lunch (South Atrium)


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Tuesday 3rd September

14.00-16.00

Study Tours (meet in Foresight Centre South Atrium)

1. Walking tour of Georgian Quarter and Granby Four

Streets

2. Coach trip and walking

tour of Port Sunlight

3. Coach trip and walking

tour of regeneration in Liverpool and Wirral

4. Walking tour of Planning and Pubs in

Liverpool City Centre

5. Running About The

Place (running tour with Sam

Hayes)

17.30-19.30

Communities, Planning and Education Public Track

(Quaker Meeting House, 22 School Ln, Liverpool L1 3BT)

20.00Conference Dinner (Wreckfish, Slater Street, Liverpool L1 4BS

beginning with a complementary glass of prosecco and the launch of a new book “A Future for Planning” by Michael Harris, part of the RTPI Library Series

Wednesday 4th September

Foresight Centre

08.30-09.00


Room EGERTON LAURA JONES NIGHTINGALE WATERHOUSE DARROCH

09.00-10.15



10.15-11.30

Roundtables/Parallel Presentations 4

Roundtable-Planning & The

EnvironmentTrack 11 / 1 Track 5 / 3 Track 2 / 1 Track 7 / 1

11.30-12.00


12.00-13.15



13.15-14.00

Lunch and Close (South Atrium)

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Programme

Track 1: Planning for Inclusive Mobility and Connectivity (Chairs: Chia-Lin Chen and Olivier Sykes)

Session 1(Laura Jones

Room)Wednesday09.00-10.15

Mark Smith

Missing the bus; local government responses to boom and bust in the British bus industry

Andreas Schulze Baing

Brownfield reuse and change in mobility patterns: a case study of Northern England

Gavan Rafferty

An Emergent All-Island City-Region: A “Soft Space” for Cross-Border Spatial Planning in Uncertain Times?



Chia-Lin Chen

Planning challenges for transport justice and urban transition: A case study of the Blackpool South Fylde Line, UK

Tom J Arnold

Disruptive regionalism? Exploring the institutional political economy of sub-national transport planning in Northern England

AlaaHasanen

The mobility and connectivity in case of urban sprawl and peri-urban development policies; The case of Wroclaw in Poland

Track 2: Green Infrastructure and Environmental governance (Chairs: Sarah Clement and Ian Mell)

Session 1(Waterhouse


AlisterScott


HelenHoyle


Rachel Lauwerijssen




Yi Ling Chang


Lucy Natarajan


Christopher Maidment

The Morality of Deriving “Objective” Measures from Subjective Judgements: Applying a Sustainability AppraisalApproach to Sustainable Drainage Systems


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Track 3: Economic and Regional Development (Chairs: Phil O’Brien and Alex Nurse)


Room)Tuesday

12.00-13.15

WenshiYang

Urban Development in Shrinking Cities in Northeast China

Zwelakhe Maseko

Assessing the impact of natural resource conservation on the livelihoods of the community of KwaNibela

Xueqin Wang

Rational Thinking of the Characteristic Development Mode of Small Towns in China

Juan Carlos Tejeda-

Gonzalez

The benefits of using Strategic Environmental Assessment for State Development Plans in Mexico

Session 2(Egerton Room)

Wednesday12.00-13.15

Neil Powe Planning for retail decline: new directions for town centres

John McCarthy

Planning for tourism intensification via short term commercial visitor accommodation: the case of Edinburgh

Stephen Hincks, Ruth

Hamilton, Alasdair Rae

Building Geodemographic Regions: Commuting Segmentation and Labour Market Connectivity in England and Wales

PhilO’Brien

How do spatial imaginaries order city regional development? Exploring the embedding of planning images in local planning cultures

Track 4: Communities, Planning and Education (Chairs: John Sturzaker and Sam Hayes)(Chairs: Phil O’Brien and Alex Nurse)


Tuesday10.45-12.00

Stephen Jay Student Delivery of Marine Planning Education and Training

Michael Kordas

Charrettes in Scotland: Adopting, Reacting and Adapting in the Story of a Mobile Policy

Georgia Wrighton

Taking Forward The Legacy Of New Towns: The Balance Of Stakeholder Power In An Era Of Post-Political Consensus


Tuesday12.00-13.15

David Coyles

Hidden Barriers and Divisive Architecture: The Case of Belfast

Miguel Hincapie

The role of social action and agency in landscape character conservation: the case of two cultural landscapes of universal value in Colombia

Catherine Queen

Exploring public disengagement from consultation processes for major infrastructure through a Bourdieuian lens

Session 3(PUBLIC TRACK)(Quaker MeetingHouse)

Tuesday 17.30-19.30

Jo Harrop PLACED, community empowerment and outreach

John Myers Better co-production techniques to strengthen planning

Eddy Taylor Neighbourhood Planning in theory and practice

Peter LeeAnimating the anchor role of universities: towards a ‘visible’ and sustainable model of engaging with experts in neighbourhoods

Teresa Strachan

‘Canny Planners’: a methodology for transformative participation

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Programme

Track 7: Urban Design (Chairs: Manuela Madeddu and Gareth Abrahams)


Room)Tuesday

10.45-12.00

Marco Adelfio &Christian Fertner

Translating the compact city and New Urbanism in international knowledge circulation processes: the case ofSydhavnen in Copenhagen

Sinan Levend

Determining People’s Design Priorities Regarding Their Neighbourhood Units: The Case of Liverpool

Jörg Gertel Marseille: Urban Perspectives of Young People

Session 2(Darroch Room)


Negar Ahmadpoor

Legibility in the era of mobile navigation systems: The role of Urban Design and Planning

Victoria Lawson Pursuing Design Excellence in City Centre Regeneration

Karla Barrantes Chaves

Fear fuelling fear: gated communities and their peripheries in Costa Rica

Track 5: What is Planning? (Chairs: Richard Dunning and Sebastian Dembski)Sponsored by Town Planning Review

Session 1(Gallery)Tuesday

12.00-13.15

Michael Neuman Planning Leadership

Deepak Gopinath Attributes of leadership for planning resilient cities in the Global South

Olivier SykesBuilding an interdisciplinary discipline ”mission impossible”, or a ”possible mission” for planning?

Session 2(Nightingale


Peter Batey Regional science and spatial planning: the need to re-connect

Mike Harris Planning as taking responsibility for twenty-first century challenges

Paul CowieCasting a long shadow: How the social and cultural past is or is not incorporated into spatial planning



Ruth PottsA technological turn in planning theory and practice? Deciphering the utility of digital technologies in planning theory and practice

Mark SmithRevisiting implementation theory: An interdisciplinary comparison between urban planning and healthcare implementation research

Tim MarshallOpposing major infrastructure schemes under the Nationally Significant Infrastructure Projects regime, with specific reference to the Stonehenge Tunnel project



Richard Shepherd

Public Interest and the Planning Profession: Constructing a Framework for Analysis

Malcolm Tait“Don’t think all planners have to act in the public interest”: commercial logics and the reshaping of professional planning identities

Bonnie Johnson Planning for Real


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Track 9: Planning and Health(Chairs: Thomas Fischer and Ben Cave)


Room)Tuesday

12.00-13.15

Catherine Hammond

Residents’ perceptions of the health and wellbeing benefits of green infrastructure in the contemporary residentialcontext: a study of Kingswood, Kingston-upon-Hull, England

Teresa Strachan

New town aspirations are not enough: Young people’s perceptions of their future choices

Susan Parham

Planning for health, green infrastructure and social justice through food - learning from the Edible Cities Network research in Letchworth Garden City



Jing LuMulti-sensory perception of urban landscape - Investigations of urban green spaces in Suzhou

Aude Bicquelet-

Lock

How to enable Healthy Placemaking? Overcoming barriers and learning from best practices

Ed HuckleStatutory HIA is coming to Wales: why now and what challenges remain?

Track 8: Housing (Chairs: Tom Moore and Alex Lord)Sponsored by the Housing Studies Association

Session 1(Gallery)Tuesday

10.45-12.00

Kat SalterCaught in the middle? The response of LPAs to Neighbourhood Planning in England

Janice Morphet The role of planning in delivering local authority provided housing

Malachy Buck

Exploring the connections between housing, social mobility and neighbourhood regeneration

Quintin Bradley

Housing land supply in England: buffers, slippage and the housing delivery test



Monica Lopez Franco

Housing in Mexican Historic Centres. Cases of Mexico City and Guadalajara

Yixi LiaoBourdieu’s Social Class Theories in the Context of the London Private Rental Market: A big data analysis

Annika Hjelmskog

Public Housing for Public Health: health inequalities and housing associations in Greater Manchester

Tony CrookCapturing land value: the limits to planning obligations of solving social housing shortages and fostering regional development

Track 7: Urban Design (continued)



Philip Black Thinking on culturally sensitive urban design: The case of Homs, Syria

James WhiteFrom Main Street to the High Street? Mobilising Planning and Urban Design Responses to Address City Centre Decline

Yani WuPossibilities and Limitations of Chinese Eco-City Development: Case Study of Sino-Singapore Tianjin Eco-City, China

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Programme

Track 10. Impact Assessment for better planning (Chairs: Thomas Fischer and Urmila Jha-Thakur)


Room)Tuesday

10.45-12.00

Hung Shiu Fung

The roles of the public in systematic consideration of environmental and other information

Mariyam Aslam

Plan Evaluation Approaches, Methods and Tools: Lessons for Pakistan

Grzegorz Chrobak

Robust climate data analysis framework for Planning and Impact Assessment

David Hoare Is EIA practice in the UK effective?

Track 11: Rural Planning (Chairs: Dave Shaw and Mark Riley)



Brian WebbRural site exceptions in housing delivery:Between the market and an affordable place

Lorraine Holloway-McCarney

Emotional Geographies of Belonging In Northern Ireland: Challenges for Remaining in or Leaving Family Farming

Alison Caffyn

“Managing outrage” in “problem zones”: challenges for rural planning

Kaeren Van-Vliet

Responding to context?: A case study of public realm in contemporary urban extensions in Northern England

Track 12: Practical Research, and Researching Practice (Chair: Dan Slade)Sponsored by the Royal Town Planning Institute


Tuesday10.45-12.00

Robert Kennedy

Evaluation of the applicability of the urban design concept of legibility in assisting the management of change in Historic Environments

Darja Marincek Prosenc

Valorization of Significance in a Planning Practice Context

Stephen HallOvercoming barriers to integrated infrastructure planning in city regions and counties

Orly Linovsky

Planning for Equity? Evaluating Equity Consideration in Planning for Bus Rapid Transit


Tuesday12.00-13.15

Daniel Young

Climate change adaptation in the planning of England’s coastal urban areas: priorities, barriers and future prospects

Hristo Dikanski

Climate change in EIA: lessons learnt from practice

Nick Smith Planning Smart Energy: Progress to Date



Gavin ParkerThe role of private expertise and the play of knowledge in plan-making in England

Mark Dobson English LPA Planning under Austerity Localism

Kat Salter “You know”: researching planning practice as a practitioner

Ed Huckle Reconnecting public health and land use planning in Wales


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Plenary Sessions and Biographies

Abercrombie Lecture, in association with Town

Planning Review

Monday 2nd September 2019, Leggate Theatre,

Victoria Building, 17.30-19.00

Professor Bruce Stiftel, Georgia Tech School of City and Regional PlanningPlanners and the New Urban Agenda: Will we lead the agenda, or will the agenda lead us?

The excitement was palpable in the Agora in Quito in October 2016 when the United Nations adopted the New Urban Agenda without dissent. For planners, the Agenda offered the prospect that planning would rise to a new level of importance in urban development; moments earlier Joan Clos, secretary-general of the Quito meetings, had described inclusive, integrated urban and territorial planning as key to the New Urban Agenda.

Now, barely three years later, the excitement seems overplayed. Overshadowed by the Sustainable Development Goals, the New Urban Agenda captures few headlines outside of UN-Habitat circles. Many national governments are reluctant to champion a device that gives center stage to cities. Major private-sector firms still drive development priorities in many jurisdictions. When planning is accepted as necessary, it is often cast as top down, or even military driven. Sectoral agencies are as reluctant as ever to cede control over decisions to generalists who balance one sector’s needs against another. Planning business as usual.

But, the global trends mask variegated local realities. The New Urban Agenda has created a playbook for planning advocates. It has strengthened capacity building for the urban professions. It has sped up the multi-directionality of planning innovation. No longer does the flow of planning ideas move predictably from North to South, from rich to poor, from university to practice. With this multi-directionality, the tension between global best practice and national context has shifted. Planning practice, planning scholarship and planning education will never be the same.

Opening Plenary – How can Planning make

Liverpool Great Again?

Tuesday 3rd September 2019, The Gallery,

Foresight Centre, 09.00-10.30

In this session, the Metro Mayor of the Liverpool City Region, Steve Rotheram, will present his vision for the future of the City Region, and our panel will respond to this vision, considering how Planning and Planners can contribute to it.

Steve Rotheram, Metro Mayor of the Liverpool City Region.Steve began his political career when he was elected to serve as a councillor in 2002, representing Fazakerley on Liverpool City Council, and has held the ceremonial title of Lord Mayor of Liverpoolduring the city’s European Capital of Culture year in 2008.

In 2010, Steve was elected as the Member of Parliament for the Liverpool Walton constituency. During his time in Westminster, he led campaigns for justice for the Hillsborough families; in support of blacklisted workers; for compensation for those suffering from mesothelioma and asbestosis; and to change the law on the use of old tyres on buses and coaches.

From 2015, Steve served as Parliamentary Private Secretary to the Leader of the Opposition, Jeremy Corbyn, before successfully seeking the nomination to be Labour’s candidate for Metro Mayor of the Liverpool City Region.

In May 2017, Steve was elected as Metro Mayor with 59% of the vote and has overseen almost a billion pounds of investment, as well as delivering half-price bus travel for apprentices and implementing the pioneering Households into Work programme.

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Plenary sessions and Biographies

Victoria Hills, Chief Executive of the Royal Town Planning Institute.Victoria joined the RTPI in April 2018 and utilises her 21 years’ experience and expertise in the fields of planning, transport and organisational leadership and development to drive forward the vision and strategic priorities for the 25,000 member strong RTPI. At a time when the profile of town planning and placemaking has never been higher, Victoria is enjoyed to playing her part in making the case for investing in planning and planners, to deliver and preserve quality places and the environment for future generations to come, putting planning centre stage.

Victoria is passionate about planning great ‘liveable’ places for people, with an unrivalled insight into London’s governance; having worked for all three Mayors of London. Prior to the RTPI, Victoria was Chief Executive Officer of the Old Oak and Park Royal Development Corporation, where she established the UK’s second Mayoral development corporation. Prior to this she was Head of Transport for the Greater London Authority, and before that held a variety of roles in Transport Consultancy and Local Government. In 2017 Victoria was made a Fellow of the Institution of Civil Engineers and in 2018 joined the Council of the National Infrastructure Planning Association. An experienced public speaker, Victoria recently judged the 2018 Construction News Awards, the 2019 New Civil Engineer Awards and is a judge for the 2019 European Women in Construction and Engineering Awards. In March 2019 Victoria was delighted to join the new Board of The Construction Innovation Hub to help shape the work of the new £72 million Construction Innovation Hub, which seeks to transform the UK construction industry.

Mark Dickens, Lead Planner, Liverpool City Region.Mark is the lead officer for spatial planning at the Liverpool City Region Combined Authority, he provided the planning input into the Devolution Deal “asks” related to spatial planning powers. His present focus at the Combined Authority is on delivering the first Spatial Development Strategy outside of London. Previously he was the Senior Assistant Director for Regeneration at St.Helens Council with a key responsibility for delivery of development schemes and the spatial planning service. He has also worked for various other local authorities including Chester City, Wirral, Hackney and Tower Hamlets, primarily in Development Management.

Professor Alex Lord, Lever Professor of Town & Regional Planning, University of Liverpool.Following a PhD at the University of Manchester, Alex Lord joined the University of Liverpool in 2007 as a Research Assistant. He was submitted to RAE2008 whilst still a post-doctoral research assistant before being promoted through Lecturer, Senior lecturer and Reader to Professor in 10 years. From 2015-2019 he served as Head of Civic Design – the world’s first school of urban planning. In 2019 Alex was appointed to the Lord Lever Chair of Town and Regional Planning, the world’s first named Chair in the subject area.

He has been principal investigator on multiple large awards by the Economic and Social Research Council and will lead an ESRC-NSFC (China) collaborative project from 2019-2022. Alex also has also led consecutive commissions by the Ministry for Housing Communities and Local Government on the value and incidence of developer contributions (2016/17 & 2018/19).


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Social events

Opening Reception and Royal Town Planning

Institute Awards for Research Excellence,

Victoria Building, University of Liverpool

Monday 2nd September 2019, 19.00-21.00

The Victoria Building has been a central part of University life for over a century. Designed by Alfred Waterhouse and completed in 1892, the building was the first purpose-built headquarters of the University. Ordinary bricks and terracotta dressings were selected for the Gothic exterior, which led to the coining of the phrase ‘red brick university’.

The RTPI awards will be presented during the drinks reception. The RTPI awards for Research Excellence recognise and promote high quality, impactful spatial planning research from RTPI accredited planning schools, and planning consultancies, in the UK, the Republic of Ireland and internationally.

Conference Dinner, Wreckfish BistroTuesday 3rd September 2019, 20.00

The conference dinner will take place on the evening of Tuesday 3rd September 2019 at Wreckfish, a “crowdfunded” restaurant in a formerly derelict building within the Ropewalks area of Liverpool city centre.

Special events

Special Round Table in conjunction with the

Royal Town Planning Institute: Planning and the

Environment: Where next in the relationship?

Egerton Room, Wednesday, 10.15-11.30

The roundtable will comprise: Chair: Dr Olivier Sykes (Department of Geography and Planning, University of Liverpool) and panel is: Tom Kenny (RTPI), Mark Tewdwr-Jones (Director, Newcastle City

Futures, Newcastle University), Thomas Fischer (Department of Geography

and Planning, University of Liverpool), Sue Kidd (Department of Geography and

Planning, University of Liverpool), Richard Cowell (School of Geography and

Planning, Cardiff University.

Special Public Session of Track 4

(Communities, Planning and Education)

Quaker Meeting House, Tuesday, 17.30-19.30

Since at least the 1960s planners have been urged to ensure communities are more fully involved in planning for the future of the places where they live, yet there remain fundamental barriers to this from both sides. This track includes explorations of how communities experience engagement; how planning can more effectively bring new/multiple/diverse voices into planning discussions, including young people; the role played by universities and other established institutions in supporting communities; and whether new more ‘disruptive’ organisations xcan bring a new perspective to these discussions. In the spirit of this track, we have decided to run one session of it in an off-site venue which is open to the public at no cost in the form of a more open, round-table type discussion. This session is open to anyone, but we encourage conference attendees to come along and join in.

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Abstracts in alphabetical order

Positioning System (GPS) can now guide users successfully to their destination, seemingly regardless of the legibility of the environment. This begs the question of whether environmental legibility is as essential as it was previously thought to be. Based on an empirical study in Nottingham, this paper examines whether the legibility of the physical environment moderates the spatial understanding of mobile map users. Since people are increasingly using navigation systems (Speak, 2015) it is important to know how legibility, that has been a design principle in built environment for decades, should be considered in (re)designing future cities, where people are equipped with advanced navigation systems.

Tom J. Arnold, University of Manchester


In line with other developed nations, the UK has embarked on a programme of devolving transport planning powers to the sub-national scale. In Northern England, responsibility for transport infrastructure is held across the national, city-region, local and most recently the pan-regional scale following the establishment of Transport for the North (TfN), a new sub-national body tasked with developing a strategic transport plan for the North of England.

This paper analyses the political economy of core-periphery relationships between central and sub-national government by exploring the institutional dynamic between TfN and the Department for Transport (DfT). The highly centralised nature of infrastructure funding in England results in TfN adopting conflicting objectives, seeking both to disrupt the centre, via innovative transport modelling and appraisal techniques, whilst simultaneously acting to accommodate and reassure. The research develops understanding of how multi-level governance structures shape planning policy, and the behaviour of those involved in planning infrastructure.

Abstracts

Marco Adelfio, Chalmers University of TechnologyChristian Fertner, University of CopenhagenUlises Navarro Aguiar, Gothenburg Research Institute

Translating the compact city and New Urbanism in international knowledge circulation processes: the case of Sydhavnen in Copenhagen

The international circulation of urban design concepts often leads to a superficial replication of non-contextualized ideas. Such travelling ideals are used as slogans to promote the marketing of urban projects through taken-for-granted or institutionalized concepts such as the compact city or New Urbanism. This research draws on theories about circuits of knowledge and policy mobilities. It focuses on the regeneration of Copenhagen’s Southern Harbour (Sydhavn) in which the compact city and New Urbanism ideals, together with a declared inspiration from Dutch architecture, were originally incorporated in the masterplan. The paper, through the analysis of documents and semi-structured interviews, aims to highlight: a) how dogmatized urban design and planning concepts such as the Compact City and New Urbanism have been locally reinterpreted in Sydhavn b) the influence of actors in mobilizing such travelling ideals c) the mutation process of the original idea into something new, meshed with the local context.

Negar Ahmadpoor, The University of Ulster

Legibility in the era of mobile navigation systems: The role of Urban Design and Planning

Whilst Lynch’s (1960) legibility concept has fundamentally affected how urban planners account for the navigational needs of people using an environment, the advent of mobile navigation systems has heralded unexpected changes to people’s exploration in recent years. Mobile navigation tools based on the Global


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observations and interviews. Preliminary findings suggest there are feelings of exclusion, fears and residential segregation, with variations according to social inequality levels.

Peter Batey, University of Liverpool

Regional science and spatial planning: the need to re-connect

This paper focuses on the evolving relationship between the inter-disciplinary field of regional science and planning since the mid-1950s when the Regional Science Association was formed. Previous attempts to make planning more ‘scientific’ are reviewed before the efforts of Walter Isard and others to involve planners in regional science are examined in detail. After some initial setbacks, a major landmark was the publication of the first textbook, Methods of Regional Analysis. Isard’s key planning ally was Robert Mitchell, head of the planning school at Penn. As a highly regarded academic and practitioner, Mitchell is seen to have had a crucial role in endorsing regional science as a valuable aid to city planning. The chapter briefly reviews ambitious demonstration projects from the 1960s that illustrate some of the most advanced regional models of that time and the challenges faced in implementing them. Isard’s drive to establish regional science in Europe hit problems in Britain where planners in particular were not familiar with quantitative methods and abstract thinking. The paper describes how ultimately British planners came to adopt regional science methods, as part of Brian McLoughlin’s ‘systems approach to planning’. It underlines the role of mathematician Alan Wilson, a strong advocate of planning analysis. The paper emphasizes the pragmatic way in which practitioners view the toolbox of planning methods, regarding usefulness as much more important than sophistication.

Mariyam Aslam, University de Tours

Plan Evaluation Approaches, Methods and Tools: Lessons for Pakistan

The niche of plan evaluations has been diagnosed to be missing from the urban planning system of Pakistan through various recent researches specifically addressing the issue of performance of Master Plans in the cities of Pakistan. This paper is a systematic literature review focusing on identification, organisation and critical review of the contemporary plan evaluation practices in practice and in theory present around the world. Furthermore, it concludes with the selection of the suitable plan evaluation approach, method and tool for post-hoc master plan evaluation in the case of Pakistan. The findings propose conformance as the approach, the Plan Process Result as the method and Indicators as the tool for post-hoc master plan evaluations in Pakistan. This research has financial assistance from the Higher Education Commission of Pakistan and is a part of a bigger research that will propose post-hoc plan evaluation criteria for master plans in Pakistan.

Karla Barrantes Chaves, University College London

Fear fuelling fear: gated communities and their peripheries in Costa Rica

The increase of gated communities in Central America seems to be fuelled by fear of crime, which is a constant concern in that region; however, the political rhetoric and the sensationalist media might be contributing to the spreading of that feeling. In this regard, real estate developers present gated communities as a ‘shelter’ against crime. This paper aims to address this issue as well as some effects that gated communities could be provoking in their peripheries, mainly in terms of fear of crime. The research is based on eight study cases within the urban area of Costa Rica; they are neighbourhoods beside gated communities, with diverse type of incomes. In each case was carried out a walking interview with members of the community, focus group –included teenagers,


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Aude Bicquelet-Lock RTPI/UWESarah Lewis, RTPI/UWE

How to enable Healthy Placemaking? Overcoming barriers and learning from best practices

Recent studies involving planning practitioners have identified important barriers to creating healthy places such as, for instance – lack of funding, conflicting policy or programme priorities. Although the barriers to building places where healthy activities are integral to people’s everyday’s lives are well-known, very few studies have focused on solutions and looked at how these barriers can be overcome. In this study, we explore the national and local policies and practices that enable healthy placemaking. Witha particular focus on tackling mental health issues, we use a series of case studies to illustrate best practices. The aims here are: (a) to produce a set of practice notes describing key skills and delivery strategies necessary to implement the values and principles of healthy placemaking, and (b) to create a centralised repository of evidence where practitioners can find out recommendations and lessons learnt from other projects to use in their own work.

Philip Black, University of Manchester Taki Sonbli, University of Manchester

Thinking on culturally sensitive urban design: The case of Homs, Syria

With the proliferation of context-less designs internationally stemming from beliefs around progress, development, growth, and the idea that urban design ideas easily travel and can be replicated, this paper argues urban design might usefully attend more carefully to the local contexts in which it is practiced through new critical thinking on culture. This is particularly urgent in contexts where consensual norms around planning practice are frequently absent, such as places characterised by historically embedded cultural sensitivities; emerging out of conflict; or urban informality. This case is evidenced in an exploration of the discursive

construction of ‘Homs Dream’, a development scenario for the future of the Syrian city. The paper concludes with a challenge for urban design, in theory and practice, to continue developing new thinking at the (dis)junction between urban form and culture, to avoid context-less design by taking more seriously the role of culture in the production of place(s).

Quintin Bradley, Leeds Beckett University

Housing land supply in England: buffers, slippage and the housing delivery test

The pursuit of increased ground rent or land value uplift by private developers and landowners now largely determines the provision of new housing in England (Robertson, 2017; Rydin, 2013). The use of viability assessments to capture these land values and evade planning obligations, especially for the provision of affordable housing, has attracted much attention (Crosby & Wyatt, 2016; McAllister, 2017). Less notice has been paid to the role of viability in securing developer access to protected environments and in enlarging the range and value of sites allocated for housing in development plans (Archer & Cole, 2014; Cochrane, Colenutt, Field, 2015). This paper investigates the methodologies used to establish housing land supply chains in the light of the new housing delivery test introduced in 2019. While local authorities plan for at least 50,000 more households a year than projected and an unprecedented programme of new settlement building, the paper argues that national planning policy now rewards England’s private housebuilding industry for a persistent under-supply of homes.

Malachy Buck, University of Liverpool Peter Batey, University of Liverpool

Exploring the connections between housing, social mobility and neighbourhood regeneration

One commonly employed indicator of low demand in housing markets is a low volume


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of transactions. In many instances, improving the rate at which dwellings are transacted is an explicit aim of policy and an important ingredient of broader neighbourhood regeneration. However, beyond the ‘isolate’ (Robson) characterisation, little is known regarding the degree to which in and out migration is reflective of a broader trend in socially mobility. This paper reports on evidence from three deprived wards in north Liverpool to explore the degree to which the origin and destination of in and out migration can be understood as representing a movement ‘up’, ‘down’, or ‘level’ with respect to the position of the origin/destination neighbourhood in the Index of Multiple Deprivation Classification. We find that the study area in question represents a movement ‘up’ for a significant proportion of those originating in a more deprived neighbourhood.

Alison Caffyn, Cardiff University,

“Managing outrage” in “problem zones”: challenges for rural planning

The proliferation of large-scale, intensive livestock units or mega farms is a growing threat to the UK’s countryside, which the planning system is struggling to handle effectively. Planning authorities, weakened through continuing austerity measures, are examining such proposals within a policy vacuum and ratcheting up requirements for supporting technical reports, as local people’s concerns over odour, pollution risk and visual impacts increase. This research traces controversies over planning applications for intensive poultry units in Herefordshire and Shropshire, following the many actors, as arguments have increasingly escalated to appeals and judicial reviews. Utilising data from extensive interviews, the paper explores the competing rationalities of the agricultural hegemony fighting a mobilising rural opposition contesting previously unchallenged forms of evidence. The research highlights how officers and politicians adjudicate over multiple expert and lay constructions of knowledge and wrestle with the implications of cumulative impacts. Controversy can enrich democracy and generate more effective planning responses.

Yi Ling Chang, Claremont Graduate University Yuan-Yuan Lee, Jovana Morales-Tilgren, Growth and Progress

A Circular Economy: Industry Structural Planning and Sustainability

Global achievements in economic growth, poverty reduction and improved welfare have been counterbalanced by an increasing strain on the biosphere in the last decade. As ecological overshoot multiply among developing countries, it has become more evident that the model of a circular economy is needed to regenerate a sustainable ecosystem.

Companies have now started to include Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) factors into investment processes because of the financial relevance, however, these ratings remain on a corporate level. This paper focuses on evaluating the relationship among ecological footprint, social issues, and sustainable practices countries have implemented by creating impact matrices categorized into six actionable themes using forest-based classification and regression with data collected from global city capitals. The proposed country level ESG rating allows countries to assess industry structural planning and predict sustainability progress with a higher accuracy in balancing resource demand and economic development.

Chia-Lin Chen, University of Liverpool


This paper examines the planning and evaluation process of a rail improvement project that has economic and social transformation potential for a place suffering a persistent decline but struggles to make a business case. A case of improving the South Fylde line linking places in Fylde Coast for possible regeneration in Blackpool South Area was examined to unveil the complexity and failure of the mainstream planning regime for transport justice and urban


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transition at both central and local levels. Research methods adopted are mixed to conduct empirical analysis, illustrating the case with the current status, historical review, supporting planning documents, and critical interpretation of in-depth interview with key stakeholders and policy makers. An analytical framework that is composed of three inter-related frameworks, namely transport regulatory framework, institutional framework, and policy framework is developed to examine key issues and challenges.

Grzegorz Chrobak, Wroclaw University Tomasz Kowalczyk, Szymon Szewrański, Wroclaw University

Robust climate data analysis framework for Planning and Impact Assessment

In this paper, a site-specific climate data analysis framework is proposed, and its development and efficiency as a robust decision support tool for planning activities and Impact Assessment are described. Selected exemplary climatic time series datasets were fed into a smoothing function for the bias removal. The ubiased sets were correlated to global climate reanalysis data in order to perform empiraical statistical downscaling procedure. Next, on the set of de-coarsed data, anomaly analysis was introduced in order to detect change point in downscaled time series with use of Twitter Breakout Detection tool. The raw data from metherological stations obtained for the purposes of Impact Assessment, although they contain valuable information, present very poor performance due to a significant site-specific bias, which does not allow for correct predictions and data-senesemaking. However, carefully conducted climate data analysis can become a very insightful supplement during Impact Assessment.

Paul Cowie, Newcastle University

Casting a long shadow: How the social and cultural past is or is not incorporated into spatial planning

Planning is all about the future. However the first thing communities want to do when starting the planning the process is talk about the past. How can this circle be squared? Using the example of the Category D Policy of the 1951 County Durham development plan and its influence of local planning today, we examine the role cultural and social history of place play in the planning imaginary and current community planning. Despite ending in the 1970’s the impact of the Category D policy is still being felt in local planning today. Planning typically deals with history through the fabric of the built environment and often struggles to deal with the intangible aspects of place, community and social memory. This paper presents the initial findings of a pilot study which uses oral history methods to understand how communities affected by the Category D policy interact with the planning today.

David Coyles, Ulster University,

Hidden Barriers and Divisive Architecture: The Case of Belfast

This paper presents original findings from a three-year multi-disciplinary investigation, funded by the Arts and Humanities Research Council, revealing new evidence of a distinct and important, yet largely unrecognised, body of divisive architecture and spatiality: a realm of ‘hidden barriers’ stemming from a confidential process of security planning taking place between 1978 and 1985, at the height of the Troubles in Northern Ireland. This highly visual paper presentation uses detailed architectural mapping and immersive fieldwork photography of six research case-studies to comprehensively illustrate the complex ways in which these ‘hidden barriers’ continue to promote social, economic and physical division across Catholic and Protestant communities in present-day Belfast. Through an examination of their


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contemporary social, economic and physical effects, the paper examines how these ‘hidden barriers’ escape the popular attention that is paid to Belfast’s peace-walls, and raises critical questions about the role of spatial planning in conflict-transformation and peacebuilding processes.

Tony Crook, University of Sheffield

Capturing land value: the limits to planning obligations of solving social housing shortages and fostering regional development

Planning obligations and CIL contribute substantially to the provision of both infrastructure and community facilities, especially affordable housing with agreements in 2016-17 valued at £6bn worth of contributions. Much new affordable housing funding is now dependent on this. Given that the costs developers face in paying for these obligations is defrayed by paying landowners less for land, obligations have become a de facto means of capturing development value. However it works well in tight and rising markets and less well elsewhere, especially outside the South East. And in tight markets with very high land prices the value of obligations is often not sufficient to fully fund new social housing. The paper critically addresses these two key policy challenges: first, how can infrastructure be funded through land value capture in areas of Britain needing regeneration investment but with low land values? Second, can changing compulsory purchase compensation law secure cheaper land for new social housing than using planning obligations? The paper draws on the proposer’s work on both issues, especially his recent report for the Scottish Land Commission and evidence to the 2070 Commission and to the Affordable Housing Commission.

Hristo Dikanski, ArupKara Brussen, Anna Tuddenham, Arup

Climate change in EIA: lessons learnt from practice

Since Directive 2014/52/EU was transposed in UK and Irish law in 2017, Environmental Impact Assessments have been required to consider the effects of a development on climate change (greenhouse gas emissions) as well as the vulnerability of a development to climate change. Drawing upon lessons learnt from numerous EIAs for projects of different sizes, this paper proposes a versatile step-by-step method for incorporating climate change in EIA. Adapting existing high-level guidance to the specific requirements of each project, approaches are proposed for consideration of climate change resilience, greenhouse gases, as well as incorporating climate change in the assessments of other environmental topics. The questions of scoping, assessment and significance are discussed, as well as different options for documenting the findings within the Environmental Statement.

Mark Dobson, University of Reading

English LPA Planning under Austerity Localism

In the UK local Government planning policies and practices have witnessed significant changes since 2010, with practitioners being pulled in different directions by austerity measures, the localism agenda and increased emphasis on housing supply and viability within the NPPF and associated deregulations such as permitted development rights. Taken together these changes have created a number of new challenges for public planners, which have been taken up by the rise in private consultancy work and associated privatisation within the system. The focus of this paper is to assist in situating these wider changes through a study of the ‘commercialisation’ of English LPAs under austerity localism. The empirical component is based on 40 interviews with senior management level planning practitioners across England, with roughly equally cases from each region across


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England (excluding London) and from a mixture of rural and urban authorities, unitary and two-tier councils, etc to provide a diverse sample.

Hung Shiu Fung, University of Liverpool Thomas Fischer, University of Liverpool

The roles of the public in systematic consideration of environmental and other information

Impact assessment was designed to improve policy, plan, programme and project decision making through systematic consideration of environmental, health, social and other information. In practice, this goal is achieved through multiple mechanisms that are usually defined in legislation and administrative procedures. This presentation focuses on the role of public participation in achieving this goal. Internationally, over the last decade, impact assessment and spatial planning have become more open for public participation. It raises the question on how increased levels of participation of the public affect planning processes, in particular in terms of considering specific impacts. In this context, we will report on empirical evidence generated through reviewing Hong Kong’s impact assessment and spatial planning practices. The author argues that public participation practices lead to increased information flow and exchange among the parties; however, there are constraints within the current system that limit its overall effectiveness in plans making.

Jörg Gertel, Leipzig University

Marseille: Urban Perspectives of Young People

This paper addresses the situation of young people in Marseille and their perspectives into creating, shaping ,and appropriating changing urban spaces. Being a mediterranean port city Marseille is shaped by different waves of migration, particularly from Italy and from former French colonies. While widespread poverty still impacts the northern quarters and the central city,

capital intensive urban development projects are changing not only the urban layout (particular at the waterfront) but also the consumer behavior (due to new retail spaces) - but increasingly restrict the access to public spaces. Young people are however rarely integrated in the underlying planning processes. Based on several hundred interviews with the youth of Marseille this paper gives them and their ideas about the future of the city a voice.

Deepak Gopinath, UWE Bristol

Attributes of leadership for planning resilient cities in the Global South

This paper aims to advance a new approach to the intersections of place, resilience and leadership particularly within the context of rapidly urbanising cities in the Global South. More generally, we know that a leader could be characterised by key attributes, such as public oratory, webs of reciprocity and the ability to amass and distribute goods (Sahlins, 1963; Bankoff, 2015). Others such as Lindstrom (1984) have called for a shift arguing instead that leaders are more about controlling knowledge ratherthan wealth, However, in the face of limited control over resources due to the rescaling of the state and unfolding of processes shaped through global capitalist social relations, what can/should local leaders do? More importantly, how might local leaders function as ‘agents of change’ for ‘others’ in the local community, by “nurturing sources of resilience for renewaland reorganisation” (Berkes et al 2003; Folke 2005: 452)?

Stephen Hall, UWE Bristol

Overcoming barriers to integrated infrastructure planning in city regions and counties

The UK exemplifies the challenges for planning of seeking to engage with, and influence, the complex organisational investment frameworks and ownership patterns of infrastructure


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providers, ‘splintered’ across the public and private sectors. In England, this effort has arguably been particularly challenged by the abolition of strategic spatial planning, and parallel focus of planning activity at the local level. This paper, informed by research conducted for the Royal Town Planning Institute, drawing on three contrasting case studies (Cambridgeshire, Glasgow and Staffordshire), and a survey of all local planning authorities in the UK, explores how emerging governance arrangements at the city-regional level, are impacting infrastructure planning in practice. We conclude that these new institutional forms (e.g. Combined Authorities) are compounding the complexity of the problem they are supposed to solve as they have to establish working relationships with the existing local authorities and infrastructure providers.

Catherine Hammond, Sheffield Hallam University Kaeren vanVliet, sheffield Hallam University

Residents’ perceptions of the health and wellbeing benefits of green infrastructure in the contemporary residential context: a study of Kingswood, Kingston-upon-Hull, England

Literature on the health and wellbeing benefits of green infrastructure tend to take a functional and quantitative approach, looking at the statistical relationships between health and wellbeing variables such as increased rates of cycling and walking and identifiable components of mental health. Using a qualitative ‘on-site’ and ‘sharp-narrative’ approach in a case study of a typical urban extension in Hull, this paper provides an insight into how residents perceive the health and wellbeing benefits of GI. The findings indicate that residents understanding is experiential rather than functional, with health and wellbeing benefits coming from a general sense of greenness, fresh air, dog walking, play and an appreciation of older conceptions of public amenity. The paper addresses a gap in our understanding of the health and wellbeing benefits of GI within contemporary housing development, and provides evidence to inform the successful planning and design of GI in new residential neighbourhoods.

Mike Harris

Planning as taking responsibility for twenty-first century challenges

Over the next few decades we face a ‘long emergency’ as a result of major challenges, most obviously but not limited to the climate crisis. But in many countries our failure to plan effectively for the longer-term, including responding more effectively to such challenges, is less the result of the inherent difficulties in predicting and shaping the future than it is the result of a concerted campaign against planning led by its fiercest ideological opponents. However, numerous international case studies - from towns to world cities, small island nations to leading industrial countries - demonstrate how we can plan successfully for the long-term using a variety of tools and approaches including engaging communities. The challenges of the twenty-first century represent an opportunity and an imperative to push back against a widespread planning pessimism and to reassert a popular, vital planning project centring on collective survival and security.

Alaa Hasanen, University of Tours Emilia KOPEĆ, Wrocław University of Science and Technology

Planning in the suburbs under government control

Using a car always has been associated with well-being, but what if the car turns out to be a trap? Lack of public transport in suburbs leads to the fact that residents are forced to using a private transport that has a negative impact on the environment, especially when it comes to travel between suburbs and city’s centers. This is due to the phenomenon of urban sprawl beside not having a real strategy to contain the natural expansion of large cities, even if the city is on the list of the 100 best cities in the world. The City of Wroclaw is one of the best-developed Polish cities. The lacking of having integrated transport and land use planning led to fragmented suburbs that are not connected with the mother city. This


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paper will examine how strategic decision-making regarding regional planning is no longer flexible and free to allow urban planners to work on it and how it became under the control of political decisions that afftected on Polish society.

Miguel Hincapie, UCL

The role of social action and agency in landscape character conservation: the case of two cultural landscapes of universal value in Colombia

Involvement of local communities in the conservation and management of cultural landscapes is a central issue to planning practice. This aspect is often overlooked in decision-making processes and becomes only useful in the implementation of specific strategies. The paper considers that studies on social action and agency have alternatives to this problem and contributes to expanding the notion of community participation. Through a multiple-case study of the Coffee Cultural Landscape and the Historic Town of Mompox in Colombia, the paper exposes how, and to what extent, community initiatives and community practices, as a form of social action, contribute to the conservation and character enhancement of these landscapes. The analysis of the cases studied offers new perspectives in the participation of communities, collaboration schemes and co-creation between local actors and governmental institutions. I argue that social action and agency change standpoints in conservation planning practices for bottom-linked governance and effective management of cultural landscapes.

Stephen Hincks, University of Sheffield

Building Geodemographic Regions: Commuting Segmentation and Labour Market Connectivity in England and Wales

The definition of functional labour market areas based on sub-group populations is a long-standing concern in planning and regional studies. We address this issue by applying network regionalisation to a novel

geodemographic classification of travel-to-work flows that segments commuters into groups based on multiple socioeconomic and demographic traits. We measure the cohesion/fragmentation of the resulting LMAs to test how the commuting behaviours of sub-group populations are translated into LMA structures. Our analysis points to a complex and messy spatial economy that is often smoothed away, for conceptual and methodological convenience, in attempts to delineate local spatial labour markets. We draw out the implications of this practice for understanding the geography of labour market connectivity and for spatial policymaking where commuting interactions are used in intellectual case-making to support economic and transport interventions.

Annika Hjelmskog, University of Manchester

Public Housing for Public Health: health inequalities and housing associations in Greater Manchester

Equitable access to decent, safe, affordable housing is a prerequisite of any successful public health strategy. Greater Manchester is the only city-region in England to have had its budget for health and social care devolved from central government. This is viewed as an opportunity for the area to transform the way it delivers public services, and as a mechanism by which the state may reduce its spending, and its direct responsibility. This paper explores the extent to which housing associations are an integral part of this population health agenda. It considers whether this involvement from non-statutory actors is by necessity or desire, and the future implications for health inequalities when universal services are provided by a sector that reaches a small, and ever-shrinking, proportion of the population. Using in-depth qualitative data, this paper identifies hidden risks and gaps in the universal service provision, left bya retrenching state.


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David Hoare, WSP

Is EIA practice in the UK effective?

Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) practice in the UK is an established mechanism for assessing the potential environmental impact (be it beneficial or adverse) of projects. However, it is not without its challenges. Every year, EIA is discussed and debated via numerous mechanisms including articles, journals, webinars, seminars, conferences and social media. But is EIA practice in the UK effective? Do the current EIA Regulations facilitate effective and proportionate EIA? How has EIA practice in the UK evolved? What do we do well? What could we do better? Does EIA practice help or hinder the decision-making of determining authorities? Are there any knowledge or skills gaps? What are the constraints to effective and proportionate EIA? Has EIA embraced the digital age? Are there any differences between non-statutory and statutory EIA practice?

This paper will examine all of the above, and consider opportunities for improving EIA practice in the UK.

Lorraine Holloway-mccarney, Queens University Belfast

Emotional Geographies of Belonging In Northern Ireland: Challenges for Remaining in or Leaving Family Farming

The family farm and rural communities have transformed over the last 50 years due to technological advances, globalisation and demographic changes. However, family farming in the United Kingdom (UK), Northern Ireland (NI) and across the developed world remains patrilineal (Lobley et al. 2010; Price, 2012; Leonard et al. 2017). To date rural and agricultural literature has focused on farmers ‘roots’ to place, there is limited research on how modern rural communities has weakened the ‘temporal & spatial connection to place amongst farmers’. Therefore, this research aims to explore through qualitative oral life histories how the patriarchal older farmer alongside their emotional sense of

belonging contributes to their retirement decision making in Northern Ireland. Emotions will be key to this research as it motivates people in ‘place’ and today’s’ ever-changing world ‘place’ is better understood if explored through feelings or how it is ‘felt’ through emotions (Davidson & Milligan, 2007). For rural policymakers/planners, it is also essential to understand the role of emotions to ‘place’ for rural communities especially in times of great change and restructuring as it can ‘influence negative evaluations and reactions to change” (Christianne & Haarsten, 2017).

Helen Hoyle, UWE Bristol

What determines how we see nature? The role of public perception in green infrastructure planning

If green infrastructure (GI) is to be planned and designed to meet the needs of diverse urban publics, more knowledge is required on how people’s perceived ‘nature experience’ relates to objective GI characteristics. We addressed this gap by inviting site users (n=1411) to walk through woodland, shrub and herbaceous planting at three distinctive levels of planting structure at 31 sites throughout England whilst completing a self-guided questionnaire. Significant positive relationships were recorded between perceived naturalness and planting structure, the perceived plant and invertebrate biodiversity value, participants’ aesthetic appreciation and the self-reported restorative effect of the planting. There was a negative relationship between perceived naturalness and perceived tidiness and care. Women and more nature-connected participants perceived significantly higher levels of naturalness in the planting. These findings are highly significant for policymakers and built environment professionals tasked with planning and designing urban GI to achieve positive human health and biodiversity outcomes.


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Ed Huckle, Public Health WalesLiz Green, Public Health Wales

Reconnecting public health and land use planning in Wales

Welsh Government’s new Planning Policy Wales (PPW) enables planners to work closer with public health and health organisations in line with the Future Generations (Wales) Act 2015 which focuses on sustainable development and well-being. PPW is committed to meet the Healthier Wales Well-being Goal and advocates health impact assessment. Public health remains a non-statutory consultee under planning resulting in inconsistent engagement and no uniform harmonised input into strategic development plans and major planning applications. Recent engagement and evidence (PHW, 2018) shows planning and health practitioners welcome closer working practices. This paper explores Public Health Wales (PHW) aims to redress this outlining new ways of harmonised working to maximise opportunities in influencing planning policy and promoting early engagement. It discusses actions being taken at national/local level to advocate integration. Realigning health and planning strategies with common objectives will improve an integrated approach to current, future health and wellbeing of communities.

Stephen Jay, University of Liverpool

Student Delivery of Marine Planning Education and Training

Higher education has moved towards the concept of a learning community in which all participants, including students, tutors and external contributors, engage as equals and work towards learning outcomes together. This is particularly relevant to the skills and professionally oriented nature of planning education. This concept is currently being practised in the context of Masters-level marine planning education at the University of Liverpool. Students are taking on responsibility for organising and teaching a summer school for other students arriving from other

European universities (in the context of an Erasmus programme). They are responding with initiative and motivation, providing mutual support and encouragement. They have not been discomforted by the evolving nature of the project, but have taken this opportunity to develop imaginative suggestions of their own, not least in terms of proposals to make the summer school an engaging experience for the visiting students.

Bonnie J. Johnson, University of Kansas Planning for Real

What does the general public see of planning? In 2013, BBC Two aired the reality TV show, The Planners, in eight episodes. Each episode follows real practicing planners through 4 or 5 cases. Using major theories and roles of planning, the cases are analyzed and the planners’ portrayals are placed into categories. Despite the plethora of theories and roles (technical/bureaucratic, political influence, social movement, collaborative, communicative, advocacy, and game manager), the planners are shown predominantly as technocrats and game managers. Reality TV is only showing a narrow set of planners’ roles. How does this portrayal of planners impact the legitimacy of planning and the pursuit of social and economic justice?

Robert Kennedy, Ulster University

Evaluation if the applicability of the urban design concept of legibility in assisting the management of change in Historic Environments

The emergent Historic Urban landscape Approach has witnessed a move away from any perceived notion of a preservationist approach to an acceptance of change / the cultural value of contemporary architecture. It has however left practitioners with a number of unresolved questions; indeed many commentators have stressed the need for further research to underpin the historic urban landscape approach. These include the relative importance of the spirit of place versus the physical fabric, the


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importance of the intangible and the limits of acceptable change. Accordingly, the purpose of this paper is to address some of these issues through the impact that new development has on the how historic environments are perceived by their users; i.e. their legible qualities. These shall be contrasted with those of heritage regulators (experts) to assess the validity of the contention that an authorised heritage discourse operates to the detriment of the values of the public.

Michael Kordas, University of Glasgow

Charrettes in Scotland: Adopting, Reacting and Adapting in the Story of a Mobile Policy

This paper critically examines the Scottish Government’s attempts since 2010, to ‘mainstream’ the charrette design workshop as the preferred method for community participation in the planning system. Charrettes claim to bring together practitioners and citizens to establish consensus on planning principles and urban form. Charrettes originated in the USA as part of the New Urbanist movement in the built environment, and in coming to Scotland, represent one of the latest in a long history of policy transfers in planning. The research approaches the charrette as a policy ‘mobility’ that can never be properly understood free of its social and ideological context, investigates the initial reaction among practitioners and communities and the subsequent challenges of adapting the format. The paper draws on document analysis, interviews and observational data. It demonstrates that a distinctly Scottish version of the charrette has evolved as the mainstreaming process has progressed.

Rachel Lauwerijssen, University of ManchesterIan Mell, Adam Barker, University of Manchester

Political and personal interrelations of greenspace, climate and place for older people

Older people are vulnerable to climate change

impacts such as heatwaves and their impact is likely to get more intense in the future. Investing in greenspace is a strategy for governments to enhance climate resilience and secure people’s liveability. Furthermore, greenspaces can be places where people have strong emotional bonds with. The central focus in this ongoing research is how older people adapt to environmental changes, how they perceive and experience these changes over time, how it influences their identity and meaning to place and how policy and practice can secure their liveability in their local environment. Using a qualitative approach this research is investigated via life-course interviews with older people and interviews with policymakers and practitioners. This study provides additional scientific evidence how people experience and perceive their local environment and greenspaces, how attachments and identities flow over time, how it can assist climate adaptation research, policies and practice.

Victoria Lawson, University of Manchester

Pursuing Design Excellence in City Centre Regeneration

During the planning processes of Liverpool One (2001-2008), just seven individuals used the statutory planning system to make representations about this scheme which – at 42.5 acres – covers a large tract of Liverpool city centre. This paper offers a critique of the planning practices behind Liverpool One. It identifies how they were adapted to facilitatethe scheme’s speedy delivery, while raising questions about how focusing on delivery might impact on democracy – given so few people statutorily commented on the scheme. With a particular interest in how key design moves and decisions were mediated at the local level, 28 interviews were conducted, to ensure a range of experiences and perspectives were captured. To aid analysis, the paper draws on recent postpolitical thinking, concluding that – while Liverpool One is a development of exceptional quality in terms of both its expensive materials and the thoughtfulness of its design – exceptional design can have transforming powers, but also disguising and concealing powers.


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Sinan Levend, Konya Technical University Thomas Fischer, University of Liverpool

Determining People’s Design Priorities Regarding Their Neighbourhood Units: The Case of Liverpool

Local planning authorities and developers need to be efficient in the design and regeneration of neighbourhoods. The orientation of investment decisions of local planning authorities and developers can lead to a failure to meet people’s demands if there no participation process. At the end of the design process, people will often live in places created according to designers’ values as well as by the priorities of market conditions, and not according to their values and priorities. The purpose of the study is to determine people’s design priorities and to offer policies that will guide the design of regeneration or new residential projects in Liverpool in the direction of people’s priorities. These will be determined using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method.

Orly Linovski, University of Manitoba Dwayne Baker, Queens College – CUNYKevin Manaugh, McGill University

Planning for Equity? Evaluating Equity Consideration in Planning for Bus Rapid Transport

The distribution of transportation benefits is mediated through planning professionals who frame the goals of these investments and can prioritize the importance of fairness in decision-making. Despite increasing evidence of the importance of transportation equity, there are questions about how equity principles factor into planning processes. This work provides an empirical analysis of the role of transit equity in planning for BRT investments in three Canadian metropolitan areas, drawing on key informant interviews and spatial analysis of built and unbuilt routes. Our findings show that transit equity rarely figured into the planning of BRT systems and there is a lack of clarity in both defining equity and determining how it should be integrated in planning processes. Most definitions of transit

equity focused on the equal distribution of resources for all groups, rather than consideration of transit-dependent riders.

Yixi Liao, UCL

Bourdieu’s Social Class Theories in the context of London Private Rental Market

Margaret Thatcher’s neoliberal approach to housing policies in the United Kingdom, through the privatisation of social housing and the promotion of the property-owning democracy, has resulted in significant social change. Since the 1990s, there is evidence of an increasingly unequal and polarised British society. Pierre Bourdieu’s social theories argue that dispositions often differ between social classes. Using Big Data analysis and econometrics modelling, this study aims to uncover the revealed preferences of different social classes in the private rental market in London. The analysis and framework are based on Bourdieu’s categorisation of social class and theories on capital. The originality of this study arises through the combination of sociology and econometrics, and from the breaking down of the dichotomy between objectivity and subjectivity. The findings show agreement to some of Bourdieu’s theories, whilst deviations also existed due to the differences in social, historical and political contexts.

Monica Lopez Franco, UCL

Housing in Mexican Historic Centres. Cases of Mexico City and Guadalajara

Mexican Historic centres face significant stress to address housing provision and heritage conservation. Recent programmes for historic centres focus on enabling housing through private investment, but failing to ensure housing for vulnerable social groups. Preliminary findings suggest new housing developments have created tensions in the areas. With increasing economic value and speculation, fears of displacement have increased uncertainty within local population groups. This research assesses regulations and practices through the lens of


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the right to housing to understand the social impact of housing schemes and local dynamics changes. Key areas were identified with spatial, frameworks and interviews analysis. As official discourse has positioned housing development in historic centres at the centre of social well being and as an opportunity for heritage conservation. However, terms remain vague by not providing local populations with legitimate claims to secure residence against displacement or be eligible for new tenure schemes, prompting questions of certainty.

Jing Lu

Multi-sensory perception of urban landscape - Investigations of urban green spaces in Suzhou

Urban green space has important functions for cities and urban residents. It isgenerally recognized that time spent in parks and other green spaces benefits not only the subjective well-being, but contributes also to the objective mental and physical health of people. Green space planning is therefore a crucial task for urban planners aiming at creating sustainable and liveable cities. In order to plan effective urban greenery under the constraints of space limitation and surrounding urban disturbances, we need to get a better understanding of the way how we perceive and evaluate the quality of different green spaces. The research wants to contribute to this understanding by investigating empirically a set of different green spaces including a classic garden, a neighbourhood park constructed first in Republic Era and a modern regional botanic park in Suzhou. Interviews and questionnaire surveys are conducted to assess the respective landscape perception of a broad sample of respondents at different time of year. Apart from the holistic perception, we find it especially important to investigate the respective contributions of visual, acoustic and olfactory perceptions to the overall evaluation. This innovative focus sets our research apart from the mainstream of landscape research, which unreasonably restricts itself to the visual mode of landscape perception. Results will be drawn from comparative analysis from different urban

green spaces investigated and suggestions will be made based on the learned understanding of how the green spaces are enjoyed through multiple senses particularly in urban green spaces, where effects of urban noise and smell influence the healthy and recreational effect of human green space encounters.

Christopher Maidment , Anglia Ruskin UniversityLakshmi Rajendran, Maryam Imani, Anglia Ruskin University

The Morality of Deriving “Objective” Measures from Subjective Judgements: Applying a Sustainability Appraisal Approach to Sustainable Drainage Systems

This paper draws on current research which aims to develop a decision-making framework for Sustainable Drainage Systems (SuDS). Addressing SuDS implementation in the UK, Brazil and India, the framework aims to embed ‘resilience’ and ‘quality of life’ as considerations when choosing SuDS solutions.

In particular, this paper focuses on the use of an approach modelled on Sustainability Appraisal, as practiced in English plan-making, to integrate ‘subjective’ quality of life benefits into a decision-making framework driven mainly by quantitative data. Using this methodology as a basis, the work explores the moral implications of translating subjective judgements into measures that appear objective to other stakeholders.

The implications for practice lie in the reflections on the nature of evidence-based planning. The conclusions juxtapose the potential of this approach to give quality of life considerations greater agency in decision-making, with the extent to which it promotes the acceptance of objective measures as more ‘truthful’.


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Darja Marincek Prosenc

Valorization Of Significance In A Planning Practice Context

The purpose of the paper is to focus on significance of place from the siteâ€™s identity to the detail spatial plan, defining the need of changes. The new approach is needed that aims to manage change in places by ensuring that, while the reconstruction, regeneration and redevelopment is taking place, the intrinsic identity of the existing character is not only recognized, but is proactively used as a reference and site-specific guide for new development.We illustrate (with project example) multicriterial valorization of each â€œminimal unitâ€� through different stakeholders to finally form a synthesis map, defining an identity value. The key objective of the method is to allow all stakeholders, local population and experts of various fields, a more detailed identification and definition of problems in the area. This creates general starting points for expert development solutions, determination of priorities and the basis for policy decisions in spatial planning.

Zwelakhe Maseko, University of Zululand

Assessing the impact of natural resource conservation on the livelihoods of the community of KwaNibela

The purpose of this paper is to assess the impact of natural resource management by iSimangaliso Wetland Park on the livelihoods of KwaNibela residents. This study adopted the qualitative approach in order to deeply understand the perceptions of people concerning natural resource management and their livelihoods. This is an ongoing study and the results are inconclusive, but the preliminary results show that a majority of people in KwaNibela feel that natural resource conservation affects their livelihoods negatively since they are deprived access to natural resources and they do not benefit directly from natural resource conservation initiatives and programmes.

John McCarthy, Heriot-Watt University

Planning for tourism intensification via short term commercial visitor accommodation: the case of Edinburgh

Many cities globally have expanded short-term rental accommodation (via online platforms) to increase tourism revenue. This has led to calls for more effective regulation because of loss of amenity and a change in the character of previously-residential areas, with displacement of the supply of traditional residential letting. The case of Edinburgh in this respect is significant in view of the scale of such activity and the potential, via the current Planning Bill considerations, for alteration of the definition of development. The paper explores how regulation might seek to minimise problems while retaining tourism benefits. This is a complex and context-dependent issue as shown by the variation in practice between cities globally this regard, as well as issues of detection, monitoring and enforcement. Nevertheless, the experience of Edinburgh may be instructive for other cities facing similar pressures.

Janice Morphet, UCL Ben Clifford, UCL

The role of planning in delivering local authority provided housing

The role of planning in providing housing in England is circumscribed by the Government’s approach to the planning system including policy, as set out in the NPPF and PPG and determination of decisions through appeals. The research undertaken by Morphet and Clifford (2017; 2019a forthcoming; 2019b forthcoming) has demonstrated that local authorities are engaging in the direclt delivery of housing in ways which are both using the planning system through ‘partnerships’ and acting outside it through the establishment of wholly owned companies and joint ventures. These direct actions, using the councils own land or that purchased for this purpose is motivated in part by failures in the planning system. The research demonstrates that between 2017 and 2019, the number of


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local authorities which companies has increased from 57% to 78% while non-stockholding, non-company owning councils are also increasing their delivery. This paper will examine these findings in more detail.

John Myers, London YIMBY

Better co-production techniques to strengthen planning

Few proposals to strengthen planning have overcome political opposition to change. I argue one reason is the limited set of techniques used, and that planners should have a wider repertoire of powers to allow communities’ co-production of better uses of land within strictly-defined constraints to prevent harm to others.Examples include NPPF 146(f), permitting a neighbourhood development order to approve development on their own green belt, but only if it is still ‘open’. In New Zealand, a landowner may now waive the protective setback rule binding a specific adjoining property. Ellickson’s suggestion of allowing a vote by individuals on a single stretch of street to permit more development is still untried. A fourth rule could allow the residents of a city block to vote to allow more development within that block, subject to restrictions on altering external facades of the block and to preserve light to other blocks.

Lucy Natarajan

Distributed Air Quality Monitoring?

Poor air quality in UK cities is an urgent priority for environmental governance, as it affects people’s daily lives and long-term health. Citizens are acutely aware of the issues, and agitating for change in a variety of ways. However the system for collectively dealing with pollution is flawed at its root because, as discussed here, the current system of monitoring pollution focuses on minimum quality and post hoc remediation rather than prevention. So, there is growing interest in new technologies that enable personalised monitoring of the environment. Notwithstanding continued debate on the accuracy of such data,

there may be potential in differently configured measurements of air quality. This paper asks how individualised measurements may (and may not) be of value for individuals and planners, using a participatory lens. It reflects particularly on the potential for a distributed system of measurement and how this might rework the present regulatory regime.

Michael Neuman, University of Westminster

Planning Leadership

Planners have a distinctive take on leadership, well suited for today’s world. It is leadership of the collaborative and visionary type [that] emerges readily in a strong planning culture. Planning is a leadership profession. This is due to the set of skills and knowledge that planners bring to their offices, including, a long-term horizon, a sense of the broader good, comprehensive consideration of the inter-relationship of complex and dynamic activities and their impacts, an inter-disciplinary perspective, and the ability to reconcile conflicting interests. This set of skills also serves, in part, to articulate what characterizes a strong, positive planning culture. The five general elements of planning leadership are: 1 Future orientation – goals, objectives,

strategies, plans 2 Situational awareness – place knowledge,

context, complexity 3 Cultural awareness – place cultures,

organizational cultures, interpersonal differences

4 Communications – listening, dialogue, understanding, evidence, images

5 Greater good – public interest, commonwealth, general welfare

Philip O’Brien, University of Liverpool

How do spatial imaginaries order city regional development? Exploring the embedding of planning images in local planning cultures

This paper investigates how spatial imaginaries become embedded within local planning


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cultures, from there functioning as informal institutions. Case studies of the Mersey Belt, the urbanised space between Liverpool and Manchester, and the Métropole Européenne de Lille, are used to explore the factors that are influential in the process of cultural embedding of spatial imaginaries at the local scale. As Valler and Phelps (2018: 699) suggest, research on local planning cultures focuses on programmatic levels, encompassing place histories, development trajectories, boundaries and strategic orientations. This paper examines the cultural embedding of spatial imaginaries from the perspective of institutional change by arguing, as per Neuman (2012), that planning images and planning institutions are intertwined in long-term processes of institutional change, and adding to this notion by suggesting that some planning images, such as spatial imaginaries, can become embedded within a local planning culture, thereby influencing the future planning of the area.

Susan Parham, University of Hertfordshire

Planning for health, green infrastructure and social justice through food - learning from the Edible Cities Network research in Letchworth Garden City

Given their heritage and contemporary principles, can Garden Cities play a leading role in bringing together green infrastructure, healthy cities approaches and socially-inclusive interventions to improve planning in relation to food? This is the question being explored through the Letchworth Garden City Heritage Foundation/International Garden Cities Institute research as part of the EU funded ‘Edible Cities Network’ project. EdiCitNet is a major, five-year multi-partner, international research initiative developing ‘edible cities solutions’. Letchworth as a ‘Follower City in the EdiCitNet partnership is undertaking highly engaged research with a ‘City Team’ to develop specific food interventions. These reflect Ebenezer Howard’s food principles, positively impact on pressing health concerns, focus on social inclusion and justice issues related to food, and help develop food-based green infrastructure. The food planning research

is grounded in sustainability imperatives from climate change to health to soil protection to environmental governance, and this presentation explores initial findings of an engagement based approach in a ‘post-expert’ era.

Gavin Parker, University of ReadingMatthew Wargent, Emma Street, University of Reading

The role of private expertise and the play of knowledge in plan-making in England

The influence of private sector planners within the English planning system is increasingly recognised by the planning research community. Yet there is limited in-depth exploration of how public-private interactions influence practice and outcomes. This paper draws on an empirical exploration of consultant inputs to Local Plans in an increasingly pressurised and politicised environment. The paper first outlines the comprehensive set of roles that private actors play within the planning system before setting out a tentative typology of consultants active within planning, nuancing past accounts of consultants as a homogeneous group. In addition to demonstrating the different â€˜typesâ€™ of consultants, the extent of private sector inputs, and the rationales for consultant use, the paperâ€™s core contribution explores how private knowledge is produced, modulated and deployed throughout the plan-making process, revealing the â€˜political workâ€™ that is done by purportedly techno-rational agents.

Ruth Potts, Cardiff University

A technological turn in planning theory and practice? Deciphering the utility of digital technologies in planning theory and practice

Discussions of the ‘communicative turn’ in planning were a hallmark of planning literature in the early 1990s and 2000s, reflecting the growing influence of Habermasian ideology on conceptualisations of planning practice Congruent to these theoretical ruminations, digital technologies rapidly developed and have


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increasingly become part of planning practice. Indeed, there now exists a plethora of digital tools, software, hardware, and online systems that can be drawn on to support all facets of planning practice. The increasing prevalence and integration of technology into planning practice leads us to ask the question of whether there has been a ‘technological turn’ in planning practice congruent to the ‘communicative turn’ in planning theory, and what the implications of such a turn are for planning theorists and practitioners.

Neil Powe, Newcastle University

Planning for retail decline: new directions for town centres

The continued growth in retail parks, internet expenditure and other forms of decentralization have increasingly challenged the competitive position of town centres. The traditional revival approach of retail property development and brand name attraction to town centre/edge-of-centre locations is no longer viable in most places. Challenged by too much retail space and neglect from external investment, increasingly there is a need to plan for retail decline. For affluent towns, this may mean a reorientation towards more leisure-oriented strategies. Deprived towns, however, require further innovation and imagination. Through case study visits and interviews within a range of town centres suffering from retail decline, this paper explores strategies for revival emerging and their feasibility to contribute to revival.

Catherine Queen, University of Exeter

Exploring public disengagement from consultation processes for major infrastructure through a Bourdieuian lens

Public consultation is an essential requirement of planning for major energy infrastructure as pomoted by successive UK Governments since the communicative turn of the late twentieth century. There has been limited literature which considers the comprehensiveness of this consultation in practice for those publics who are

(in)voluntarily disengaged from the process. This presentation explores the real-world problem of public disengagement through a Case Study and presents findings from the analysis of qualitative data collection methods, including ethnography and interviews with publics. The research uses a new approach by framing the data analysis around the Bourdieuian concepts of habitus and forms of capital to develop a deeper understanding of how place meanings and practices influence patterns of engagement. The presentation will discuss the research contribution to future best practice in public consultation and consider how the application of Bourdieu’s concepts can assist in developing a deeper understanding of local knowledge contributions.

Gavan Rafferty, Ulster University Neale Blair, Ulster University


A possible UK departure from the EU, no functioning Assembly in Northern Ireland and a ‘coming of age’ of spatial planning in Ireland (as articulated in Project Ireland 2040) have coincided with the emergence of a cross-border city-region concept that strives for appropriate place-based thinking that enhances social, economic and environmental wellbeing. The North West of the island of Ireland, reflecting functional relationships between Derry City and Strabane District Council (NI, UK) and Donegal County Council (Ireland), has witnessed the co-design of ‘soft’ cross-border governance to avoid ‘back-to-back’ planning. Drawing together policy analysis and recent empirical observations to critically discuss the conceptual and operational issues of this governance space, the paper investigates the role of planning in this unique cross-border city-region. In particular, the paper concludes by offering critical reflections on the opportunities and challenges for spatial planning operating in a protracted period of political, policy and institutional instability.


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Kat Salter, University of Birmingham

Caught in the middle? The response of LPAs to Neighbourhood Planning in England

The LPA has been identified as a “critical but often neglected actor in neighbourhood planning” (Brownill and Bradley, 2017 p34). This paper draws on material from 5 case study areas in the SE to explore the response of the LPA to neighbourhood planning. The paper identifies that LPAs are not only caught in the middle of top down policy directives and the bottom up aspirations of communities’, but they also introduce their own technologies of government to steer and influence the NP agenda. 3 overarching responses from LPAs towards NP are identified and modalities of power as LPAs seek to reframe and shape the NPs as they are being prepared. It provides an in-depth analysis of how policies are implemented in practice and how LPAs seek to reconcile their duties towards NP with the need to deliver an up-to-date Local Plan and to maintain a 5-year land supply.

“You know”: researching planning practice as a practitioner

This paper reflects on the experiences of researching the response of LPAs to Neighbourhood Planning as a Chartered Town Planner (MRTPI). The decision to focus was ‘on’ planning (Healey, 1991) was influenced by extensive practical experience working in a range of settings. This technical knowledge and expertise proved useful in gaining access to participants, building up trust and developing a deeper understanding of their experiences. This paper reflects on the blurring of roles at times participants directly drew on my technical knowledge and expertise leading to a role as a researcher reflecting more an “advisor” somewhere in between an “insider” and “outsider.” It discusses the challenges, and opportunities, this can present as participants seek clarity on a planning system which is in a chronic state of flux.

Alister Scott, Northumbria University Rachel Holtby, Northumbria University

Mainstreaming Green Infrastructure from theory to practice

This paper illuminates the need for improved mainstreaming of green infrastructure (GI) in policy and decision-making. The starting point is that the term “mainstreaming” itself is poorly understood and uncritically used and thus requires improved theoretical rigour. This is formalised within an inductively derived mainstreaming model developed by the author reflecting different mainstreaming states according to capacity, capability and overall acceptability. Using examples from GI practice, the mainstreaming continuum is unpacked revealing the importance of leadership, political buy in, willingness to experiment outside established comfort zones and a collective appetite for social learning. Here the concepts of hooks” and “bridges” are promulgated as translational mechanisms to improve mainstreaming efforts and navigate the complex environmental lexicon, providing traction for wider engagement as a necessary prerequisite for mainstreaming success. This approach has global application to help improve the way that GI is respected in planning systems nationally and globally.

Andreas Schulze Baing, University of Manchester


In England the reuse of previously developed land for housing has recently seen a growing interest by planners and policy makers, with the introduction of new brownfield registers in 2017. One of the reasons for promoting the reuse of brownfield land is that it may lead to a change in modal share and commuting patterns, important considering the challenges of climate change and health.

This paper will analyse the change in mobility patterns around a series of case study locations


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of brownfield reuse across Northern England, based on NLUD data from the period 2002 to 2008. Commuting data from the special workplace statistics will be used to analyse the change in commuting patterns and modal share. The aim of the paper is to explore which type and location of housing development on brownfield land promises to contribute most to a change towards more sustainable mobility patterns.

Alister Scott, Northumbria University Rachel Holtby Northumbria University

Mainstreaming Green Infrastructure from theory to practice

This paper illuminates the need for improved mainstreaming of green infrastructure (GI) in policy and decision-making. The starting point is that the term “mainstreaming” itself is poorly understood and uncritically used and thus requires improved theoretical rigour. This is formalised within an inductively derived mainstreaming model developed by the author reflecting different mainstreaming states according to capacity, capability and overall acceptability. Using examples from GI practice, the mainstreaming continuum is unpacked revealing the importance of leadership, political buy in, willingness to experiment outside established comfort zones and a collective appetite for social learning. Here the concepts of hooks” and “bridges” are promulgated as translational mechanisms to improve mainstreaming efforts and navigate the complex environmental lexicon, providing traction for wider engagement as a necessary prerequisite for mainstreaming success. This approach has global application to help improve the way that GI is respected in planning systems nationally and globally.

Richard Shepherd, UNSW

Public Interest and the Planning Profession: Constructing a Framework for Analysis

The assumption that a ‘public interest’ is satisfied or even addressed through contemporary

planning practice has been rightly challenged by a broad swathe of planning academics. However, as a concept integral to planning practice, it remains too foundational to abandon. Failing to develop a workable, more concrete, understanding of the ‘public interest’ or its civic intentions has facilitated the undermining of planning’s altruism by neoliberal and anti-civic rationales. The concept must be examined with greater rigour in order to inform a flexible – but not toothless - conception of this key term. This paper will propose to examine whether research methods such as critical discourse analysis can be used to ground such concepts by applying an analysis framework in specific contexts, seeking to create a purposeful understanding of the ‘public interest’. This research will contribute to a better understanding of the integral role of ‘public interest’ in creating better planning outcomes.

Mark Smith


Bus services are vital to ensuring accessibility in a vibrant place making agenda. Yet industry deregulation in 1986 instilled chaotic instability as private companies attempt to make profits and compete with one another. A bus company ceasing to trade has been a growing recent trend, resulting in passenger mayhem as services are not transferred and those dependent on buses face life changing consequences.Our study employs a realist methodology which draws on interview transcripts to produce a programme theory depicting why such situations are so chaotic and identify what local authorities can do. We test (refine and refute) this theory through a review of a recent example in North West England and North Wales.

Our findings suggest systemic instability across the bus industry is exacerbated by austerity and can not be addressed by regulation alone, and this situation stops planning being great again.


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Revisiting implementation theory: An interdisciplinary comparison between urban planning and healthcare implementation research

Implementation (a complicated, cluttered, political process of enacting policies, plans and programmes) remains a critical but neglected dimension within urban planning research and has notably not advanced since the 1970/80s, being investigated instead on the periphery of other conceptual constructs. Congruent cognitive disciplines (particularly healthcare research) grapple the phenomenon with more gusto; offering conceptual frameworks to represent experiences. We present findings of a recently published comparative review (in Environment & Planning:C (36:5)) between urban planning and healthcare implementation theories and ideas to ascertain what new insights might be gleaned both on the phenomenon itself and how theorists represent it. This is achieved though a qualitative synthesis of the themes and ideas employed within urban planning implementation research which are compared/contrasted to four efforts in healthcare research. Our findings indicate some similarity in thinking but highlight several departures which present implications as to how planning researchers investigate implementation.

Nick Smith, UWE BristolHazel Williams, Regen

Planning Smart Energy: Progress to Date

A smart energy system is a cost-effective, sustainable and secure energy system in which renewable energy production, infrastructures and consumption are integrated and coordinated through energy services, active users and enabling technologies. Planners have an important role in delivering such a system but the opportunities for achieving this are often unclear or are left unfulfilled. Following funding from the RTPI SW, a research team comprising Regen, Pell Frischmann, The Landmark Practice and the University of the West of England have been exploring the readiness of the UK planning system and have identified the type of interventions that planners have, or could

be making, with regards to the generation, distribution and storage of energy. The research considers the necessary features for smart energy development, the type of measures that need to be taken to facilitate the decarbonisation of heating and cooling, and the type of interventions that need to be made as we transition to electric vehicle use.

Teresa Strachan, Newcastle University

Canny Planners: a methodology for transformative participation

Working with young people on North Tyneside, Newcastle University urban planning students have employed a series of interactive workshops to explore local planning issues. In an area experiencing some of the highest childhood obesity levels in the UK, combined with pockets of diminishing life expectancy, the ‘Canny Planners’ workshops have prompted classroom debate around the health and environmental impacts of hot food takeaways. Utilising participatory methodologies including a board game and a role play activity, the workshops have highlighted the future possibilities when young people explore beyond their everyday thinking to hypothetical scenarios informed by meaningful and reflective dialogue. Ongoing evaluation of these workshops suggest that the engagement methodologies have begun to raise the young people’s future participatory aspirations based on a more informed view of their local world.

New town aspirations are not enough: Young people’s perceptions of their future choices

The twentieth century new towns were planned to address the shortage of homes, employment and local amenities following the end of the Second World War. In 2017, Newcastle University students undertook research with young people in Peterlee, County Durham, to explore the extent to which being brought up in a new town might shape their lifetime aspirations and if this was in any way influenced by their perceptions of the town itself. The results suggested that whilst clear aspirations were being cultivated for ambitious


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individual futures at age 10, the young people’s perceptions painted an ‘unremarkable’ picture of the town itself, being the potential platform for those aspirations. This paper reflects on the complexity of place and health and young people’s hopes for the future and asks to what extent place can shape its communities’ fortunes.

Olivier Sykes, University of Liverpool

Building an interdisciplinary discipline “mission impossible”, or a “possible mission” for planning?

A feature of planning is the interconnected and diverse range of challenges it is called upon to address. As Ritter and Webber (1972) noted, many of the problems which planning seeks to address may be characterized as ‘wicked’ in that they are complex, highly interrelated, and defy the ‘traditional’ models of ‘expert-led’ definition and resolution which apply to many areas of the natural sciences or engineering. Given this reality, planners are often called upon to work at the interface of many different kinds of knowledge and disciplinary spheres drawing from an eclectic range of theoretical perspectives, methods, and professional traditions. On a wider front, beyond planning the value of multi-, cross- and interdisciplinary work is also increasingly emphasised. Informed by this context the paper explores themes surrounding the nature of planning as an ‘interdisciplinary discipline’and how engagement with such questions could be one ways of (re)legitimating the planning enterprise.

Malcolm Tait, University of SheffieldAndy Inch, University of Sheffield Jason Slade, University of Sheffield

“Don’t think all planners have to act in the public interest”: commercial logics and the reshaping of professional planning identities

There has been surprisingly little planning theoretical attention devoted to understanding how commercial imperatives and logics are reshaping prevailing understandings of good

planning practice. To address this gap, this paper draws on a series of focus groups, more than twenty biographical narrative interviews with professional planners and in-depth, ethnographic studies of four planning organisations, all collected as part of a wider project on the role of the private sector in the delivery of public planning in the United Kingdom. Our analysis contributes to studies of the forms of ‘cultural work’ through which planners negotiate institutional imperatives, coping with potentially competing demands as they make sense of their practices and professional identities (Inch, 2018). The paper contributes a rich understanding of the ways in which pressures to ‘be commercial’ are currently disciplining how planners define what it means to ‘be professional’ and how they relate to planning’s public interest purposes.

Juan Carlos Tejeda-Gonzalez, University Of Colima Gilberto Gallegos Verduzco, Armando Gileta Lagunes, University of Colima

The benefits of using Strategic Environmental Assessment for State Development Plans in Mexico

According to Mexican Planning Legal Framework, states in the country are obliged to make State Development Plans (SDP) that would define the direction of the state development for almost 6 years. Traditionally, all SDPs are written by “hand” and the responsible only has 6 months to finish the plan. In our project, an SEA process developed specifically for the Mexican decision-making and planning system was used to help in the development of SDPs, by working in the development of a software that would allow planners to simplify in time and extent the SDPs making process. In this first stage, four of the main methods used in the SEA process were programmed in the pre-alfa stage to visualize the bases of software architecture, aiming to define the software features and scope. Also, to date, we have not found any software developed for this purpose in Mexico.


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Kaeren Van-Vliet, Sheffield Hallam University Catherine Hammond, Sheffield Hallam University

Responding to context?: A case study of public realm in contemporary urban extensions in Northern England.

Since the early 1980s the majority of new homes in England, many in the form of extensions on the urban fringe, have been provided by speculative house builders. The design of this housing, or lack of design, has been extensively critiqued by the public, planners and politicians and particularly in terms of public realm and response to spatial and socio-cultural context.

Qualitative review of masterplans and application documentation will be used to explore three inter-related aspects of public realm: green infrastructure, streets, and home to street transition. The aims will be to understand: spatial form and role; influence of theory and policy on design and; how public realm is negotiated through the planning process.

The research aims to provide planning practitioners and academics with an increased understanding of the role of public realm in integrating new urban fringe development to support planning conceptualisations, policy development and planning and design implementation.

Xueqin Wang, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenghe Liu, Chinese Academy of SciencesOlivier Sykes, University of Liverpool

Rational Thinking of the Characteristic Development Mode of Small Towns in China

In the past two years, there has been an increase in the construction of characteristic small towns in China. This is a good beginning for the development of small towns and would bring new opportunities. However, some problems have developed. One example is the emergence of the “blind town” which means the governors cultivate a characteristic town blindly without

objectively considering the reality of that area. These irrational decisions have a negative impact on the future development of small towns. The governors need to consider the basic conditions of the area, perform a scientific assessment, and present a clear cultivation strategy. This paper presents a scientific operation method for the characteristic development mode of small towns with “explore characteristic– evaluate characteristic– nurture characteristic” as the mainline, which would be conducive to the steady and sustainable development of characteristic small towns in China.

Brian Webb, Cardiff UniversityNeil Harris, Robert Smith, Cardiff University

Rural site exceptions in housing delivery: Between the market and an affordable place

In an age of austerity and limited housing delivery, many rural areas in the UK are seeking to increase the supply of affordable housing. This paper explores the role of ‘rural site exceptions’, small sites located within or adjoining existing settlements not allocated in a development plan to provide affordable housing to meet local needs. The paper argues the ‘exceptional’ designation of these sites means they sit outside the traditional plan-led market-based system leading to difficulties in affordable housing delivery as a result of financial, statutory, and stakeholder ambiguity. Through a policy review of Local Development Plans, the use of a survey, stakeholder interviews, and documentary analysis, this research explores how widely rural exception site policy is used across Wales, how they are defined, their wider relationship to the planning system, and the role of the market in affordable housing delivery.

James White, University of Glasgow,

From Main Street to the High Street? Mobilising Planning and Urban Design Responses to Address City Centre Decline

The story of post-war suburbanisation and downtown decline in the American city is well-


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versed in the literature. Revitalisation strategies in some US cities have recently led to a new ‘downtown paradigm’ emerging, characterisedby an emphasis on ‘urban living’. Towns and cities in the UK largely avoided the post-war decline experienced in American downtowns but have recent faced a similar unsettling caused, in large part, by a dramatic series of retail closures. In this paper we share land use and typology metrics from four mid-sized UK cities to argue that the experience of UK cites appears analogous to that faced in the US some forty years before.We ask whether lessons about market intervention, planning incentivisation, and typo-morphological innovation are translatable to the UK and, in so doing, make a contribution to the critical discourse on ‘comparative tactics’ and the mobility of planning policies and design practice innovations.

Georgia Wrighton, University of Hertfordshire

Taking Forward The Legacy Of New Towns: The Balance Of Stakeholder Power In An Era Of Post-Political Consensus

The aim of the research is to explore which stakeholders hold sway in planning and regeneration decisions in Harlow and Hatfield New Towns, and how local social, economic and environmental conditions have influenced the power dynamics in these towns.Methods: The case study method has been chosen to facilitate an exploratory study of the social, economic, historical, physical and political/cultural context to planning and regeneration decisions, and the balance of stakeholder power in Hatfield and Harlow. The data is being collected by semi-structured interviews and focus groups, and by analysing local authority planning documents. Results: Primary data is being collected through interviews and focus groups, and is being analysed using thematic content analysis and discourse analysis.Relevance to practice: The findings of this research will contribute to knowledge on the predominant stakeholders influencing town planning in these New Towns, and enable some

reflection on further work to be done to address the balance of outcomes in these towns.

Yani Wu, Cardiff University

Possibilities and Limitations of Chinese Eco-City Development: Case Study of Sino-Singapore Tianjin Eco-City, China

It is obvious China has devoted significant political will and economic resources to the development of new-build eco-city planning projects, reflecting the government’s goal to build a ‘human-oriented eco-city’ in which environmental sustainability and social stability are mutually reinforcing. By analysing the case study of Sino-Singapore Tianjin Eco-City and using the qualitative research method, this research intends to explore to what extent Chinese planning practices allow for the Western planning theories, such as Garden City and Environmental-Behavioural Study, to adapt it to local circumstances through urban design approaches. It aims to argue that Chinese eco-city planning should be deemed as one of the humanistic planning approaches, and its primary goal is to build sustainable and liveable habitat for people by taking their daily behaviours and needs into account. To achieve this goal, considering the interactive relationship between places and people during planning process is an innovative way to improve Chinese eco-city’s spatial quality.

Wenshi Yang, University of Manchester

Urban Development in Shrinking Cities in Northeast China

With the rising international discourse of urban shrinkage, population decline is starting to pose threats to many cities in China. Such phenomenon is especially challenging to the heavy industry based Northeast China. In this research, urban shrinkage in Northeast China under the neo-liberal planning system will be examined with a special focus on how actors on the city level behave within the limitation of the system and utilise opportunities to form tactics


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that will lead to possible spatial developments. Policy review, spatial data analysis, semi-structured interview and site observation are applied in the research. The key findings reveal that there is a time lag and an insufficient understanding of reality in local level policy-making and a path-dependent development pattern in the behaviour of local actors. Differentiated spatial development orchestrated by such development mechanism may fail to match with need rising from the ground in shrinking cities.

Daniel Young, Plymouth University Stephen Essex, Plymouth University

Climate change adaptation in the planning of England’s coastal urban areas: priorities, barriers and future prospects

Climate change is one of the greatest challenges facing society and the spatial planning system plays a crucial role in ensuring that important adaptations to the built environment are evaluated. Drawing upon a mixed-methods research approach, this paper explores the progress that has been made by the planning system in England in addressing the challenge of climate change adaptation in coastal urban areas. The results indicate that the adaptation produced through the planning system remains incremental rather than transformative. It is focused on experienced hazards, especially flooding, and there is a lack of attention being paid to wider impacts of climate change, such as rising average temperatures. Furthermore, it was found that the contemporary contribution of planning to climate change adaptation is seriously limited by the government’s emphasis on housing and economic growth and by the development industry’s emphasis on economic viability.


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Study Tours

Study tour 1 - Walking tour of the Georgian

Quarter and Granby Four Streets

This walking tour takes in the diverse urbanism of L8 (perhaps the UK’s only neighbourhood defined by a postcode identity) – from the architectural grandeur of the Georgian Quarter, built on the back of the enormous wealth generated by the slave trade, to the Granby Four Streets, the last remaining Victorian terraces saved from successive comprehensive redevelopment and now home to the Turner Prize-winning community land trust. The walk will explore the area’s rich and contradictory history of experimentation with planning and regeneration initiatives aimed at resolving the urban manifestations of severe economic decline, from the ‘slum clearances’ and community development projects of the 1960s and 1970s, through responses to the 1981 Uprising or ‘Toxteth Riots’, to the community-led struggle against Housing Market Renewal that gave rise to the community land trust today.

Study tour 2 - Coach trip and walking tour

of Port Sunlight

Port Sunlight model industrial village lies across the River Mersey from Liverpool and was planned and constructed in the 1890s and 1900s through the initiative of W. H. Lever, whose factories and small port lay adjacent to the residential area. The study tour will include a guided walk covering the distinctive topography, landscape and estate layout of the earlier and later periods. Although the external appearance of the housing reflect many different designs, in practice Lever built two types: the ‘kitchen’ and the ‘parlour’. Restricted to Port Sunlight employees, the village contains many socially-purposed institutional buildings, including the Lady Lever Art Gallery, some of which have found new uses, such as the present Visitor Centre

Study tour 3 - Coach trip and walking tour of

regeneration in Liverpool and Wirral

This tour will include the Mersey Waters sites, twin regeneration schemes on either side of the River Mersey. Full details are yet to be confirmed but it is hoped there will be an opportunity to

hear from the planners who are coordinating the ambitious schemes to transform huge areas of derelict and under-used dockland areas.

Study tour 4 - Walking tour of Planning and

Pubs in Liverpool City Centre

Led by Nigel Lee, former Planning Manager of Liverpool City Council, this unique tour offers the opportunity to see and hear about the transformation of Liverpool City Centre which took place in the early 2000s. Nigel was the senior planner for the Council for much of this period so can provide unrivalled insights into the challenges and decision-making processes for sites including Liverpool One, the largest city centre regeneration scheme in Europe, and the controversial Mann Island development on the waterfront. This tour will include stops in some of the historic pubs in the city centre.

Study Tour 5 - Running About The Place with

Sam Hayes (University of Salford)

A tour with a difference, this running tour involves a gentle run around some of Liverpool’s public squares and green spaces. The aim of this tour is to see the city from a different perspective so that as we run and we experience the various squares, green areas, streets and thoroughfares on our route you are able to look at them with fresh and critical eyes. We’ll start with a brief introduction, then do a warm-up and set off. We will be stopping about half way around for some brief words, before completing the circuit back to our starting point for a cool down, where I will once again insist on saying something. But it’s a casual affair, so chatting, questions and reflections are encouraged throughout (taking account of the need to breathe). Distance: approx. 5km. Accessibility: This run is suitable for runners who are comfortable with completing 5km, but is open to all abilities within that and we will stick together as a group – we won’t be doing any PB chasing. Runners are reminded to dress appropriately for the weather.

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Information for delegates

Information for delegates

Badges

All delegates will be provided with a conference badge which must be worn throughout the conference for both security and catering purposes.

Catering

Lunch and mid-morning refreshments on all days will be served in the South Atrium of the Foresight Centre. The Abercrombie Lecture, Opening Reception and RTPI Awards will take place in the Victoria Building on Monday 3rd September; attendance at this event is included in PhD, Early Bird and Standard Conference Rates.

Conference Dinner at Wreckfish on Tuesday

3rd September

The Conference Dinner on Tuesday 3rd September will be held at Wreckfish Bistro in the Ropewalks area of the city. Please note you can only attend the Conference Dinner if you have added this to your registration booking. Dress code is smart casual.

Contact Information

Bertie Dockerill, Conference Manager, will be available throughout the conference and can be contacted at the registration or on 07305 303587 during conference hours.


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Foresight Centre, 1 Brownlow St, Liverpool L69 3GL

Quaker Meeting House, 22 School Lane, Liverpool L1 3BT

WreckfishSlater Street, Liverpool L1 4BS

Herdman Building4 Brownlow Street, L69 3GP

Map

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university of liverpool 2nd - 4th september · 2019. 9. 2. · the university of liverpool hosts...

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