university of groningen the bright side of …references 139 argote, l., turner, m. e., &...

University of Groningen

The bright side of hierarchiesCantimur, Yeliz

IMPORTANT NOTE: You are advised to consult the publisher's version (publisher's PDF) if you wish to cite fromit. Please check the document version below.

Document VersionPublisher's PDF, also known as Version of record

Publication date:2015

Link to publication in University of Groningen/UMCG research database

Citation for published version (APA):Cantimur, Y. (2015). The bright side of hierarchies: The origins and consequences of social stratification inorganizations. [Groningen]: University of Groningen, SOM research school.

CopyrightOther than for strictly personal use, it is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of theauthor(s) and/or copyright holder(s), unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons).

Take-down policyIf you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediatelyand investigate your claim.

Downloaded from the University of Groningen/UMCG research database (Pure): http://www.rug.nl/research/portal. For technical reasons thenumber of authors shown on this cover page is limited to 10 maximum.

Download date: 01-04-2020

https://www.rug.nl/research/portal/en/publications/the-bright-side-of-hierarchies(b733b77a-2bed-4873-8170-b048837456bc).html



REFERENCES

137

Adler, N. E., Epel, E., Castellazzo, G., & Ickovics, J. (2000). Relationship of subjective and

objective social status with psychological and physiological functioning: Preliminary data in

healthy, White women. Health Psychology, 19, 586–592.

Agho, A. O., Price, J. L., & Mueller, C. W. (1992). Discriminant validity of measures of job

satisfaction, positive affectivity, and negative affectivity. Journal of Occupational and

Organizational Psychology, 65, 185–196.

Ahuja, M. K., & Carley, K. M. (1999). Network structure in virtual organizations. Organization

Science, 10, 741–757.

Aiken, L. S., & West, S. G. (1991). Multiple regression: Testing and interpreting interactions.

London: Sage.

Alexander, G. A., Chizhik, A. W., Chizhik, E. W., & Goodman, J. A. (2009). Lower-status

participation and influence: Task structure matters. Journal of Social Issues, 65, 365–381.

Alexander, R. D. (1961). Aggressiveness, territoriality, and sexual behavior in field crickets

(Orthoptera: Gryllidae). Behaviour, 17, 130–223.

Alper, S., Tjosvold, D., & Law, S. A. (2000). Conflict management, efficacy, and performance in

self-managing work teams. Personnel Psychology, 53, 625–42.

Ancona, D. G., & Caldwell, D. F. (1992). Demography and design: Predictors of new product

team performance. Organization Science, 3, 321–341.

Anderson, C., & Berdahl, J. L. (2002). The experience of power: Examining the effects of power

on approach and inhibition tendencies. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 83,

1362–1377.

Anderson, C., & Brown, C. E. (2010). The functions and dysfunctions of hierarchy. In A. P. Brief

& B. M. Staw (Eds.), Research in organizational behavior (pp. 55–89). New York: Elsevier.

REFERENCES

138

Anderson, C., John, O. P., & Keltner, D. (2012). The personal sense of power. Journal of

Personality, 80, 313–344.

Anderson, C., John, O. P., Keltner, D., & Kring, A. M. (2001). Who attains social status? Effects

of personality traits and physical attractiveness in social groups. Journal of Personality and

Social Psychology, 81, 116–132.

Anderson, C., & Kennedy, J. A. (2012). Micropolitics: A new model of status hierarchies in

teams. In M. A. Neale & E. A. Mannix (Eds.), Research on managing groups and teams (pp.

49–80). Emerald Group Publishing Limited.

Anderson, C., & Kilduff, G. J. (2009a). Why do dominant personalities attain influence in face-

to-face groups? The competence-signaling effects of trait dominance. Journal of Personality

and Social Psychology, 96, 491–503.

Anderson, C., & Kilduff, G. J. (2009b). The pursuit of status in social groups. Current Directions

in Psychological Science, 18, 295–298.

Anderson, C., Spataro, S., & Flynn, F. J. (2008). Personality and organizational culture as

determinants of influence. Journal of Applied Psychology, 93, 702–710.

Anderson, C., Srivastava, S., Beer, J. S., Spataro, S. E., & Chatman, J. A. (2006). Knowing your

place: Self-perceptions of status in face-to-face groups. Journal of Personality and Social

Psychology, 91, 1094–1110.

Anderson, C., Willer, R., Kilduff, G. J., & Brown, C. E. (2012). The origins of deference: When

do people prefer lower status? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 102, 1077–

1088.

Argote, L. (1999). Organizational learning: Creating, retaining, and transferring knowledge.

Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers.

REFERENCES

139

Argote, L., Turner, M. E., & Fichman, M. (1989). To centralize or not to centralize: The effects

of uncertainty and threat on group structure and performance. Organizational Behavior and

Human Decision Processes, 43, 58–74.

Ashforth, B. E. (1989). The experience of powerlessness in organizations. Organizational

Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 43, 207–242.

Ashforth, B. E., & Mael, F. (1989). Social identity theory and the organization. Academy of

Management Review, 14, 20–39.

Auh, S., & Menguc, B. (2007). Performance implications of the direct and moderating effects of

centralization and formalization on customer orientation. Industrial Marketing Management,

36, 1022–1034.

Bakker, A. B., Demerouti, E., De Boer, E., & Schaufeli, W. B. (2003). Job demands and job

resources as predictors of absence duration and frequency. Journal of Vocational Behavior,

62, 341–356.

Bakker, A. B., Demerouti, E., & Verbeke, W. (2004). Using the job demands–resources model to

predict burnout and performance. Human Resource Management, 43, 83–104.

Bakker, A. B., Westman, M., & Van Emmerik, I. J. H. (2009). Advancements in crossover

theory. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 24, 206–219.

Bales, R. F. (1950). Interaction process analysis: A method for the study of small groups.

Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Bales, R. F. (1953). The equilibrium problem in small groups. In T. Parsons, R. F. Bales, & E. A.

Shils (Eds.), Working papers in the theory of action (pp. 111–163). Glencoe: Free Press.

Bales, R. F., Strodtbeck, F. L., Mills, T. M., & Roseborough, M. E. (1951). Channels of

communication in small groups. American Sociological Review, 16, 461–468.

REFERENCES

140

Balkundi, P., & Harrison, D. A. (2006). Ties, leaders, and time in teams: Strong inference about

network structure’s effects on team viability and performance. Academy of Management

Journal, 49, 49–68.

Balkwell, J. W. (1991). From expectations to behavior: An improved postulate for expectation

states theory. American Sociological Review, 56, 355–369.

Bantel, K. A., & Jackson, S. E. (1989). Top management and innovations in banking: Does the

composition of the top team make a difference? Strategic Management Journal, 10, 107–124.

Barkow, J. H. (1975). Prestige and culture: A biosocial interpretation. Current Anthropology, 16,

553–572.

Baron, R. A., Neuman, J. H., & Geddes, D. (1999). Social and personal determinants of

workplace aggression: Evidence for the impact of perceived injustice and the Type A

behavior pattern. Aggressive Behavior, 25, 281–296.

Barrick, M. R., Stewart, G. L., Piotrowski, M. (2002). Personality and job performance: Test of

the mediating effects of motivation among sales representatives. Journal of Applied

Psychology, 87, 43–51.

Bartol, K., & Srivastava, A. (2002). Encouraging knowledge sharing: The role of organizational

reward systems. Journal of Leadership and Organization Studies, 19, 64–76.

Becker, T. E. (2005). Potential problems in the statistical control of variables in organizational

research: A qualitative analysis with recommendations. Organizational Research Methods, 8,

274–289.

Becker, T. E., & Martin, S. L. (1995). Trying to look bad at work: Methods and motives for

managing poor impressions in organizations. Academy of Management Journal, 38, 174–199.

Beersma, B., Hollenbeck, J. R., Humphrey, S. E., Moon, H., Conlon, D. E., & Ilgen, D. R.

(2003). Cooperation, competition, and team performance: Toward a contingency approach.

REFERENCES

141

Academy of Management Journal, 46, 572–590.

Behfar, K. J., Mannix, E. A., Peterson, R. S., Trochim, W. M. (2011). Conflict in small groups:

The meaning and consequences of process conflict. Small Group Research, 42, 127–176.

Belliveau, M. A., O’Reilly, C. A., & Wade, J. B. (1996). Social capital at the top: Effects of

social similarity and status on CEO compensation. Academy of Management Journal, 39,

1568–1593.

Bendersky, C., & Hays, N. A. (2012). Status conflict in groups. Organization Science, 23, 323–

340.

Berdahl, J. L., & Anderson, C. (2005). Men, women, and leadership centralization in groups over

time. Group Dynamics: Theory, Research, and Practice, 9, 45–57.

Berger, J., Cohen, B., & Zelditch, M. Jr. (1972). Status characteristics and social interaction.

American Sociological Review, 37, 241–255.

Berger, J., Conner, T. L., & Fisek, M. H. (1974). Expectation states theory: A theoretical

research program. Cambridge: Winthrop.

Berger, J., Fisek, M. H., Norman, R. Z., & Zelditch, M. Jr. (1977). Status characteristics and

social interaction: An expectation states approach. New York: Elsevier Scientific.

Berger, J., Ridgeway, C. L., Fisek, M. H., & Norman, R. Z. (1998). The legitimation and

deligitimation of power and prestige orders. American Sociological Review, 63, 379–405.

Berger, J., Rosenholtz, S. J., & Zelditch, M. Jr. (1980). Status organizing processes. Annual

Review of Sociology, 6, 479–508.

Bernstein, I. S. (1969). Stability of the status hierarchy in a pigtail monkey group (Macaca

nemestrina). Animal Behaviour, 17, 452–458.

Bettenhausen, K. L., & Murnighan, J. K. (1991). The development of an intragroup norm and the

effects of interpersonal and structural challenges. Administrative Science Quarterly, 36, 20–

REFERENCES

142

35.

Bigley, G. A., & Roberts, K. H. (2001). The incident command system: High-reliability

organizing for complex and volatile task environments. Academy of Management Journal,

44, 1281–1299.

Blake, R. R., & Mouton, J. S. (1984). Solving costly organizational conflict. San Francisco:

Jossey-Bass.

Blau, P. M. (1964). Exchange and power in social life. New Brunswick: Transaction Books.

Bloom, M. (1999). The performance effects of pay dispersion on individuals and organizations.


Bolino, M. C., Kacmar, K. M., Turnley, W. H., & Gilstrap, J. B. (2008). A multi-level review of

management motives and behaviors. Journal of Management, 34, 1080–1109.

Bottger, P. C. (1984). Expertise and air time as bases of actual and perceived influence in

problem-solving groups. Journal of Applied Psychology, 69, 214–221.

Bottger, P. C., & Yetton, P. W. (1988). An integration of process and decision scheme

explanations of group problem solving performance. Organizational Behavior and Human

Decision Processes, 42, 234–249.

Bourdieu, P. (1984). Distinction: A social critique of the judgment of taste. Cambridge: Harvard

University Press.

Brown, T. J., & Sumner, K. E. (2006). Perceptions and punishments of workplace aggression:

The role of aggression content, context, and perceiver variables. Journal of Applied Social

Psychology, 36, 2509–2531.

Buhrmester, M., Kwang, T., & Gosling, S. D. (2011). Amazon’s Mechanical Turk: A new source

of inexpensive, yet high-quality, data? Perspectives on Psychological Science, 6, 3–5.

REFERENCES

143

Bunderson, J. S. (2003a). Recognizing and utilizing expertise in work groups: A status

characteristics perspective. Administrative Science Quarterly, 48, 557–591.

Bunderson, J. S. (2003b). Team member functional background and involvement in management

teams: Direct effects and the moderating role of power centralization. Academy of

Management Journal, 46, 458–474.

Bunderson, J. S., & Boumgarden, P. (2010). Structure and learning in self-managed teams: Why

"bureaucratic" teams can be better learners. Organization Science, 21, 609–624.

Bunderson, J. S., & Reagans, R. E. (2011). Power, status, and learning in organizations.

Organization Science, 22, 1182–1194.

Bunderson, J. S., Van der Vegt, G. S., & Sparrowe, R. T. (2014). Status inertia and member

replacement in role-differentiated teams. Organization Science, 25, 57–72.

Burgoon, J. K., Johnson, M. L., & Koch, P. T. (1998). The nature and measurement of

interpersonal dominance. Communication Monographs, 65, 308–335.

Burgoon, M., Dillard, J. P., & Doran, N. E. (1983). Friendly or unfriendly persuasion: The effects

of violations of expectations by males and females. Human Communication Research, 10,

283–293.

Burns, T., & Stalker, G. M. (1961). The management of innovation. London: Tavistock.

Buss, D. M. (1999). Evolutionary psychology: The new science of the mind. Boston: Allyn &

Bacon.

Buss, D. M., & Duntley, J. D. (2006). The evolution of aggression. In M. Schaller, J. A. Simpson,

& D. T. Kenrick (Eds.), Evolution and social psychology (pp. 263−286). New York:

Psychology Press.

Buss, D. M., & Shackelford, T. K. (1997). Human aggression in evolutionary psychological

perspective. Clinical Psychology Review, 17, 605–619.

REFERENCES

144

Buzaglo, G., & Wheelan, S. A. (1999). Facilitating work team effectiveness: Case studies from

Central America. Small Group Research, 30, 108–129.

Campbell, A. (1993). Men, women, and aggression. New York: Basic Books.

Campbell, D. J. (1988). Task complexity: A review and analysis. Academy of Management

Review, 13, 40–52.

Campion, M. A., Medsker, G. J., & Higgs, C. (1993). Relations between work group

characteristics and effectiveness: Implications for designing effective work groups.

Personnel Psychology, 46, 823–850.

Carli, L. L. (2001). Gender and social influence. Journal of Social Issues, 57, 725–741.

Carter, N. M., & Cullen, J. B. (1984). A comparison of centralization/decentralization of decision

making concepts and measures. Journal of Management, 2, 259–268.

Carton, A. M., & Cummings, J. N. (2012). A theory of subgroups in work teams. Academy of


Cartwright, D., & Zander, A. (1953). Group dynamics: Research and theory. Evanston: Row,

Peterson.

Carzo, R. Jr., & Yanouzas, J. N. (1969). Effects of flat and tall organization structure.

Administrative Science Quarterly, 14, 178–191.

Chase, I.D. (1980). Social process and hierarchy formation in small groups: A comparative

perspective. American Sociological Review, 45, 905–924.

Chase, I. D., Tovey, C., Spangler-Martin, D., & Manfredonia, M. (2002). Individual differences

versus social dynamics in the formation of animal dominance hierarchies. Proceedings of the

National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 99, 5744–5749.

Chen, Y. R., Peterson, R. S., Phillips, D. J., Podolny, J. M., & Ridgeway, C. L. (2012).

Introduction to the special issue: Bringing status to the table – Attaining, maintaining, and

REFERENCES

145

experiencing status in organizations and markets. Organization Science, 23, 299–307.

Cheng, J. T., Tracy, J. L., Foulsham, T., Kingstone, A., & Henrich, J. (2013). Two ways to the

top: Evidence that dominance and prestige are distinct yet viable avenues to social rank and

influence. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 104, 103–125.

Cheng, J. T., Tracy, J. L., & Henrich, J. (2010). Pride, personality, and the evolutionary

foundations of human social status. Evolution and Human Behavior, 31, 334–347.

Chizhik, A. W., Alexander, M. G., Chizhik, E. W., & Goodman, J. A. (2003). The rise and fall of

power and prestige orders: Influence of task structure. Social Psychology Quarterly, 66, 303–

317.

Christie, A. M., & Barling, J. (2010). Beyond status: Relating status inequality to performance

and health in teams. Journal of Applied Psychology, 95, 920–934.

Cialdini, R. B., & Trost, M. R. (1998). Social influence: Social norms, conformity, and

compliance. In D. T. Gilbert, S. T. Fiske, & G. Lindzey (Eds.), The handbook of social

psychology (pp. 151–192). Boston: McGraw-Hill.

Cohen, A. M., Bennis, W. G., & Wolkon, G. H. (1961). The effects of continued practice on the

behaviors of problem-solving groups. Sociometry, 24, 416–431.

Corominas-Murtra, B., Goni, J., Sole, R. V., & Rodriguez-Caso, C. (2013). On the origins of

hierarchy in complex networks. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the

United States of America, 110, 13316–13321.

Correll S. J., & Ridgeway, C. L. (2003). Expectation states theory. In J. Delamater (Ed.), The

Handbook of Social Psychology (pp. 29–51). New York: Kluwer Academic Publishers.

Cuddy, A. J. C., Fiske, S. T., & Glick, P. (2007). The BIAS map: Behaviors from intergroup

affect and stereotypes. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 92, 631–648.

REFERENCES

146

Cummings, J. N., & Cross, R. (2003). Structural properties of work groups and their

consequences for performance. Social Networks, 25, 197–210.

Cummins, D. (2005). Dominance, status, and social hierarchies. In D. M. Buss (Ed.), The

handbook of evolutionary psychology (pp. 676–697). Hoboken: Wiley.

Curtis, B., Krasner, H., & Iscoe, N. (1988). A field study of the software design process for large

systems. Communications of the ACM, 31, 1268–1287.

Daft, R. L., & Macintosh, N. B. (1981). A tentative exploration into the amount and equivocality

of information processing in organizational work units. Administrative Science Quarterly, 26,

207–224.

Darley, J. M., & Gross, P. H. (1983). A hypothesis-confirming bias in labeling effects. Journal of

Personality and Social Psychology, 44, 20–33.

De Botton, A. (2004). Status anxiety. New York: Pantheon Books.

De Church, L. A., & Marks, M. A. (2001). Maximizing the benefits of task conflict: The role of

conflict management. International Journal of Conflict Management, 12, 4–22.

De Dreu, C. K. W., & Van Vianen, A. E. M. (2001). Managing relationship conflict and the

effectiveness of organizational teams. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 22, 309–328.

De Dreu, C. K. W., & Weingart, L. R. (2003). Task versus relationship conflict, team

performance, and team member satisfaction: A meta-analysis. Journal of Applied


De Kwaadsteniet, E. W., & Van Dijk, E. (2010). Social status as a cue for tacit coordination.

Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 46, 515–524.

De Vries, H., Stevens, J. M. G., & Vervaecke, H. (2006). Measuring and testing the steepness of

dominance hierarchies. Animal Behaviour, 71, 585–592.

REFERENCES

147

De Wit, F. R. C., Greer, L. L., & Jehn, K. A. (2012). The paradox of intragroup conflict: A meta-

analysis. Journal of Applied Psychology, 97, 360–390.

Demange, G. (2004). On group stability in hierarchies and networks. Journal of Political

Economy, 112, 754–778.

Deutsch, M. (1949). A theory of cooperation and competition. Human Relations, 2, 129–152.

Deutsch, M., & Krauss, R. M. (1962). Studies of interpersonal bargaining. Journal of Conflict

Resolution, 6, 52–76.

Dewar, R., & Werbel, J. (1979). Universalistic and contingency predictions of employee

satisfaction and conflict. Administrative Science Quarterly, 24, 426–448.

DiTomaso, N., Post, C., & Parks-Yancy, R. (2007). Workforce diversity and inequality: Power,

status, and numbers. Annual Review of Sociology, 33, 473–501.

Driskell, J. E., & Mullen, B. (1990). Status, expectations, and behavior: A meta-analytic review

and test of the theory. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 16, 541–553.

Driskell, J. E., Olmstead, B., & Salas, E. (1993). Task cues, dominance cues, and influence in

task groups. Journal of Applied Psychology, 78, 51–60.

Edmondson, A. C. (2002). The local and variegated nature of learning in organizations: A group-

level perspective. Organization Science, 13, 128–146.

Eisenhardt, K. M., & Bourgeois III, L. J. (1988). Politics of strategic decision making in high-

velocity environments: Toward a midrange theory. Academy of Management Journal, 31,

737–770.

Ellemers, N., Wilke, H., & Van Knippenberg, A. (1993). Effects of the legitimacy of low group

or individual status on individual and collective status-enhancement strategies. Journal of


REFERENCES

148

Emerson, R. M. (1972). Exchange theory. Part I: A psychological basis for social exchange. In J.

Berger, M. Zelditch, & B. Anderson (Eds.). Sociological theories in progress (pp. 38–57).

Boston: Houghton-Mifflin.

Evans, M. G. (1985). A Monte Carlo study of the effects of correlated method variance in

moderated multiple regression analysis. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision

Processes, 36, 305–323.

Everett, M. G., & Krackhardt, D. (2012). A second look at Krackhardt’s graph theoretical

dimensions of informal organizations. Social Networks, 34, 159–163.

Falbe, C. M., & Yukl, G. (1992). Consequences for managers of using single influence tactics

and combinations of tactics. Academy of Management Journal, 35, 638–652.

Fan, E. T., & Gruenfeld, D. H. (1998). When needs outweigh desires: The effects of resource

interdependence and reward interdependence on group problem solving. Basic and Applied


Farrell, D., & Petersen, J. C. (1982). Patterns of political behavior in organization. Academy of


Faucheux, C., & Mackenzie, K. D. (1966). Task dependency of organizational centrality – Its

behavioral consequences. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 2, 361–375.

Ferris, G. R., Zinko, R., Brouer, R. L., Buckley, M. R., & Harvey, M. G. (2007). Strategic

bullying as a supplementary, balanced perspective on destructive leadership. The Leadership

Quarterly, 18, 195–206.

Fisek, M. H., & Ofshe, R. (1970). The process of status evolution. Sociometry, 33, 327–346.

Fiske, A. P. (1992). The four elementary forms of sociality: Framework for a unified theory of

social relations. Psychological Review, 99, 689–723.

REFERENCES

149

Fiske, S. T., & Berdahl, J. L. (2007). Social power. In E. T. Higgins & A. W. Kruglanski (Eds.),

Social psychology: Handbook of basic principles (pp. 678−692). Oxford: Oxford University

Press.

Fiske, D. W., & Cox, J. A. Jr. (1960). The consistency of ratings by peers. Journal of Applied


Fitness, J. (2000). Anger in the workplace: An emotion script approach to anger episodes

between workers and their superiors, co-workers and subordinates. Journal of Organizational

Behavior, 21, 147–162.

Flynn, F. J., Reagans, R. E., Amanatullah, E. T., & Ames, D. R. (2006). Helping one’s way to the

top: Self-monitors achieve status by helping others and knowing who helps whom. Journal of


Frank, R. H. (1985). Choosing the right pond: Human behavior and the quest for status. New

York: Oxford University Press.

Freeman, L. C. (1979). Centrality in social networks: Conceptual clarification. Social Networks,

1, 215–239.

French, J. R. P., & Raven, B. H. (1959). The bases of social power. In D. Cartwright & A. Zander

(Eds.), Group dynamics (pp. 150–167). New York: Harper & Row.

Frick, B., Prinz, J., & Winkelmann, K. (2003). Pay inequalities and team performance: Empirical

evidence from the North American major leagues. International Journal of Manpower, 24,

472–488.

Galbraith, J. R. (1977). Organization design. London: Addison-Wesley.

Gallagher, V. C., Harris, K. J., & Valle, M. (2008). Understanding the use of intimidation as a

response to job tension: Career implications for the global leader. Career Development

International, 13, 648–666.

REFERENCES

150

Gharabaghi, K., & Anderson-Nathe, B. (2013). The inefficiencies of hierarchy. Child & Youth

Services, 34, 1–4.

Gini, C. (1936). On the measure of concentration with special reference to income and statistics.

Colorado College Publication, General Series, 208, 73–79.

Gladstein, D. L. (1984). Groups in context: A model of task group effectiveness. Administrative

Science Quarterly, 29, 499–517.

Gladstein, D. L., & Reilly, N. P. (1985). Group decision making under threat: The Tycoon game.


Goffman, E. (1967). Interaction ritual. New York: Anchor Books.

Gould, R. (2003). Collision of wills. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Greer, L. L. (2014). Power in teams: Effects of team power structures on team conflict and team

outcomes. In N. M. Ashkanasy, O. B. Ayoko, & K. A. Jehn (Eds.), Handbook of conflict

management research (pp. 93–108). Cheltenham: Edward Edgar Publishing.

Greer, L. L., Caruso, H. M., & Jehn, K. A. (2011). The bigger they are, the harder they fall:

Linking team power, team conflict, and performance. Organizational Behavior and Human

Decision Processes, 116, 116–128.

Greer, L. L., & Jehn, K. A. (2007). The pivotal role of emotion in intragroup process conflict. In

M. Neale, E. Mannix, & C. Anderson (Eds.), Research on managing groups and teams (pp.

23–45). Oxford: Elsevier.

Greer, L. L., Jehn, K. A., & Mannix, E. A. (2008). Conflict transformation: A longitudinal

investigation of the relationships between different types of intragroup conflict and the

moderating role of conflict resolution. Small Group Research, 39, 278–302.

Greer, L. L., Schouten. M. E., De Jong, B., & Dannals, J. (2014). A meta-analysis of the effects

of hierarchy on team performance. Submitted for publication.

REFERENCES

151

Greer, L. L., & Van Kleef, G. A. (2010). Equality versus differentiation: The effects of power

dispersion on group interaction. Journal of Applied Psychology, 95, 1032–1044.

Groysberg, B., Polzer, J. T., & Elfenbein, H. A. (2011). Too many cooks spoil the broth: How

high-status individuals decrease group effectiveness. Organization Science, 22, 722–737.

Gruenfeld, D. H., & Tiedens, L. Z. (2010). Organizational preferences and their consequences. In

S. T. Fiske, D. T. Gilbert, & G. Lindsay (Eds.), The handbook of social psychology (pp.

1252–1287). New York: Wiley.

Grund, T. U. (2012). Network structure and team performance: The case of English Premier

League soccer teams. Social Networks, 34, 682–690.

Guetzkow, H., & Simon, H. A. (1955). The impact of certain communication nets upon

organization and performance in task-oriented groups. Management Science, 1, 233–250.

Guzzo, R. A. (1986). Group decision making and group effectiveness in organizations. In P. S.

Goodman (Ed.), Designing effective work groups (pp. 34–71). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

Hackman, J. R., Brousseau, K. R., & Weiss, J. A. (1976). The interaction of task design and

group performance strategies in determining group effectiveness. Organizational Behavior

and Human Decision Processes, 16, 350–365.

Halevy, N., Chou, E. Y., & Galinsky, A. D. (2011). A functional model of hierarchy: Why, how,

and when vertical differentiation enhances group performance. Organizational Psychology

Review, 1, 32–52.

Halevy, N., Chou, E. Y., Galinsky, A. D., & Murnighan, J. K. (2012). When hierarchy wins:

Evidence from the National Basketball Association. Social Psychological and Personality

Science, 3, 398–406.

Hardy, C. L., & Van Vugt, M. (2006). Nice guys finish first: The competitive altruism

hypothesis. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 32, 1402–1413.

REFERENCES

152

Harrison, D. A., & Klein, K. J. (2007). What is the difference? Diversity constructs as separation,

variety, or disparity in organizations. Academy of Management Review, 32, 1199–1228.

Harter, J. K., Schmidt, F. L., & Hayes, T. L. (2002). Business-unit-level relationship between

employee satisfaction, employee engagement, and business outcomes: A meta-analysis.

Journal of Applied Psychology, 87, 268–279.

Hawley, P. H. (1999). The ontogenesis of social dominance: A strategy-based evolutionary

perspective. Developmental Review, 19, 97–132.

Hawley, P. H. (2002). Social dominance and prosocial and coercive strategies of resource control

in preschoolers. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 26, 167–176.

He, J., & Huang, Z. (2011). Board informal hierarchy and firm financial performance: Exploring

a tacit structure guiding boardroom interactions. Academy of Management Journal, 54,

1119–1139.

Hemelrijk, C. K. (1999). An individual-oriented model of the emergence of despotic and

egalitarian societies. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, Series B, 266, 361–369.

Hempel, P. S., Zhang, Z.-X., & Tjosvold, D. (2009). Conflict management between and within

teams for trusting relationships and performance in China. Journal of Organizational

Behavior, 30, 41–65.

Henrich, J., & Gil-White, F. J. (2001). The evolution of prestige: Freely conferred deference as a

mechanism for enhancing the benefits of cultural transmission. Evolution and Human

Behavior, 22, 165−196.

Hill, G. W. (1982). Group versus individual performance: Are N + 1 heads better than one?

Psychological Bulletin, 91, 517–539.

Hinsz, V. B., Tindale, R. S., & Vollrath, D. A. (1997). The emerging conception of groups as

information processors. Psychological Bulletin, 121, 43–64.

REFERENCES

153

Hirokawa, R. Y. (1990). The role of communication in group decision-making efficacy. Small

Group Research, 21, 190–204.

Hollander, E. P. (1985). Leadership and power. In G. Lindzey & E. Aronson (Eds.), The

handbook of social psychology (pp. 485–537). New York: Random House.

Huang, S., & Cummings, J. N. (2011). When critical knowledge is most critical: Centralization in

knowledge-intensive teams. Small Group Research, 42, 669–699.

Ibarra, H. (1992). Structural alignments, individual strategies, and managerial action: Elements

toward a network theory of getting things done. In N. Nohria & R. G. Eccles (Eds.),

Networks and organizations: Structure, form, and action (pp. 165–188). Boston: Harvard

Business School Press.

Ivancevich, J. M., & Donnelly, J. H. Jr. (1975). Relation of organizational structure to job

satisfaction, anxiety-stress, and performance. Administrative Science Quarterly, 20, 272–280.

Izar, P., Ferreira, R. G., & Sato, T. (2006). Describing the organization of dominance

relationships by dominance-directed tree method. American Journal of Primatology, 68,

189–207.

James, L. R. (1982). Aggregation bias in estimates of perceptual agreement. Journal of Applied


James, L. R., Demaree, R. G., & Wolf, G. (1984). Estimating within group interrater reliability

with and without response bias. Journal of Applied Psychology, 69, 85–98.

Janssen, O., & Van der Vegt, G. S. (2011). Positivity bias in employees' self-ratings of

performance relative to supervisor ratings: The roles of performance type, performance-

approach goal orientation, and perceived influence. European Journal of Work and

Organizational Psychology, 20, 524–552.

REFERENCES

154

Jehn, K. A. (1995). A multimethod examination of the benefits and detriments of intragroup

conflict. Administrative Science Quarterly, 40, 256–282.

Jehn, K. A. (1997). Qualitative analysis of conflict types and dimensions in organizational

groups. Administrative Science Quarterly, 42, 530–557.

Jehn, K. A., & Bendersky, C. (2003). Intragroup conflict in organizations: A contingency

perspective on the conflict-outcome relationship. Research in Organizational Behavior, 25,

187–242.

Jehn, K. A., Greer, L., Levine, S., & Szulanski, G. (2008). The effects of conflict types,

dimensions, and emergent states on group outcomes. Group Decision and Negotiation, 17,

465–495.

Jehn, K. A., & Mannix, E. A. (2001). The dynamic nature of conflict: A longitudinal study of

intragroup conflict and group performance. Academy of Management Journal, 44, 238–251.

Jehn, K. A., Northcraft, G. B., & Neale, M. A. (1999). Why differences make a difference: A

field study of diversity, conflict, and performance in workgroups. Administrative Science

Quarterly, 44, 741–763.

Jewell, R. T., & Molina, D. J. (2004). Productive efficiency and salary distribution: The case of

U.S. major league baseball. Scottish Journal of Political Economy, 51, 127–142.

Johnson, C., Funk, S. J., & Clay-Warner, J. (1998). Organizational contexts and conversation

patterns. Social Psychology Quarterly, 61, 361–371.

Johnson, D. W., & Johnson, R. T. (1989). Cooperation and competition: Theory and research.

Edina: Interaction Book Company.

Johnson, D. W., Maruyama, G., Johnson, R., Nelson, C., & Skon, L. (1981). The effects of

cooperative, competitive, and individualistic goal structures on achievement: A meta-

analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 89, 47–62.

REFERENCES

155

Joshi, A., & Knight, A. P. (2014). Who defers to whom and why? Demographic differences and

dyadic deference in teams. Submitted for publication.

Judge, T. A., Bono, J. E., Ilies, R., & Gerhardt, M. W. (2002). Personality and leadership: A

qualitative and quantitative review. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87, 765–780.

Kalkhoff, W., & Barnum, C. (2000). The effects of status-organizing and social identity

processes on patterns of social influence. Social Psychology Quarterly, 63, 95–115.

Kalma, A. (1991). Hierarchisation and dominance assessment at first glance. European Journal

of Social Psychology, 21, 165–181.

Kameda, T., & Sugimori, S. (1995). Procedural influence in two-step group decision making:

Power of local majorities in consensus formation. Journal of Personality and Social


Kanter, R. M. (1977). Men and women of the corporation. New York: Basic Books.

Katz, R. (1982). The effects of group longevity on project communication and performance.

Administrative Science Quarterly, 27, 81–104.

Kellett, J. B., Humphrey, R. H., & Sleeth, R. G. (2002). Empathy and complex task performance:

Two routes to leadership. Leadership Quarterly, 13, 523–544.

Keltner, D., Capps, L., Kring, A. M., Young, R. C., & Heerey, E. A. (2001). Just teasing: A

conceptual analysis and empirical review. Psychological Bulletin, 127, 229–248.

Keltner, D., Gruenfeld, D. H., & Anderson, C. (2003). Power, approach, and inhibition.

Psychological Review, 110, 265–284.

Keltner, D., Van Kleef, G. A., Chen, S., & Kraus, M. W. (2008). A reciprocal influence model of

social power: Emerging principles and lines of inquiry. Advances in Experimental Social


REFERENCES

156

Kemp, C., & Tenenbaum, J. B. (2008). The discovery of structural form. Proceedings of the

National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 105, 10687–10692.

Kilduff, G. J., Elfenbein, H. A., & Staw, B. M. (2010). The psychology of rivalry: A relationally-

dependent analysis of competition. Academy of Management Journal, 53, 943–969.

Klein, K. J., Ziegert, J. C., Knight, A. P., & Xiao, Y. (2006). Dynamic delegation: Shared,

hierarchical, and deindividualized leadership in extreme action teams. Administrative Science

Quarterly, 51, 590–621.

Kozlowski, S. W. J., & Bell, B. S. (2003). Work groups and teams in organizations. In W. C.

Borman, D. R. Ilgen, & R. J. Klimoski (Eds.), Handbook of psychology: Industrial and

organizational psychology (pp. 333–375). London: Wiley.

Krackhardt, D. (1994). Graph theoretical dimensions of informal organizations. In Carley, K. &

Prietula, M. (Eds.), Computational organizational theory (pp. 89–111). Hillsdale: Lawrence

Erlbaum.

Kyl-Heku, L. M., & Buss, D. M. (1996). Tactics as units of analysis in personality psychology:

An illustration using tactics of hierarchy negotiation. Personality and Individual Differences,

21, 497–517.

Leavitt, H. J. (1951). Some effects of certain communication patterns on group performance.

Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 46, 38–50.

Leavitt, H. J. (2005). Top down: Why hierarchies are here to stay and how to manage them more

effectively. Boston: Harvard Business School Press.

Lee, M. T., & Ofshe, R. (1981). The impact of behavioral style and status characteristics on

social influence: A test of two competing theories. Social Psychology Quarterly, 44, 73–82.

Leonard, J. S. (1990). Executive pay and firm performance. Industrial and Labor Relations

Review, 43, 13–29.

REFERENCES

157

Libby, R., Trotman, K. T., & Zimmer, I. (1987). Member variation, recognition of expertise, and

group performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 72, 81–87.

Littlepage, G. E., Schmidt, G. W., Whisler, E. W., & Frost, A. G. (1995). An input-process-

output analysis of influence and performance in problem-solving groups. Journal of


Lord, R. G. (1977). Functional leadership behavior: Measurement and relation to social power

and leadership perceptions. Administrative Science Quarterly, 22, 114–133.

Lord, R. G. (1985). An information processing approach to social perceptions, leadership

perceptions, and behavioral measurement in organizational settings. Research in

Organizational Behavior, 7, 87–128.

Lord, R. G., Phillips, J. S., & Rush, M. C. (1980). Effects of sex and personality on perceptions

of emergent leadership, influence, and social power. Journal of Applied Psychology, 65, 176–

182.

Lorsch, J. W., & Morse, J. (1974). Organizations and their members: A contingency approach.

New York: Harper & Row.

Lovelace, K., Shapiro, D. L., & Weingart, L. R. (2001). Maximizing cross-functional new

product teams’ innovativeness and constraint adherence: A conflict communications

perspective. Academy of Management Journal, 44, 779–783.

Lucas, J. W., & Baxter, A. R. (2012). Power, influence, and diversity in organizations. The

Annals of the American Academy, 639, 49–70.

Lucas, J. W., & Lovaglia, M. J. (1998). Leadership status, gender, group size, and emotion in

face-to-face groups. Sociological Perspectives, 41, 617–637.

Lund, O. C. H., Tamnes, C. K., Moestue, C., Buss, D. M., & Vollrath, M. (2007). Tactics of

hierarchy negotiation. Journal of Research in Personality, 41, 25–44.

REFERENCES

158

MacDonald, L. A. C. (2005). Wellness at work: Protecting and promoting employee well-being.

London: Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development Publishing.

Mackenzie, K. (1966). Structural centrality in communications networks. Psychometrika, 31, 17–

25.

Magee, J. C., & Frasier, C. W. (2008). Status and power: The principal inputs to influence for

public managers. Public Administration Review, 74, 307–317.

Magee, J. C., & Galinsky, A. D. (2008). Social hierarchy: The self-reinforcing nature of power

and status. Academy of Management Annals, 2, 351–398.

Main, B. G. M., O'Reilly III, C. A., & Wade, J. (1993). Top executive pay: Tournament or

teamwork? Journal of Labor Economics, 11, 606–628.

Marmot, M. (2004). Status syndrome: How your social standing directly affects your health and

life expectancy. London: Bloomsbury.

Marsh, R. M. (1992). A research note: Centralization of decision-making in Japanese factories.

Organization Studies, 13, 261–274.

Martin, J. L. (2009). Formation and stabilization of vertical hierarchies among adolescents:

Towards a quantitative ethology of dominance among humans. Social Psychology Quarterly,

72, 241–264.

Mast, M. S. (2002). Female dominance hierarchies: Are they any different from males'?

Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 28, 29–39.

Matsuo, M. (2006). Customer orientation, conflict, and innovativeness in Japanese sales

departments. Journal of Business Research, 59, 242–250.

Mazur, A. (1973). A cross-species comparison of status in small established groups. American

Sociological Review, 38, 513–530.

REFERENCES

159

Mazur, A. (1985). A biosocial model of status in face-to-face primate groups. Social Forces, 64,

377–402.

Mazur, A., & Booth, A. (1998). Testosterone and dominance in men. Behavioral and Brain

Sciences, 21, 353–363.

McDonald, D. B., & Shizuka, D. (2013). Comparative transitive and temporal orderliness in

dominance networks. Behavioral Ecology, 24, 511–520.

McDonough III, E. F., & Leifer, R. (1983). Using simultaneous structures to cope with

uncertainty. Academy of Management Journal, 26, 727–735.

Moosa, M. M., & Ud-Dean, S. M. M. (2011). The role of dominance hierarchy in the evolution of

social species. Journal for the Theory of Social Behaviour, 41, 203–208.

Moreland, R. L., Argote, L., & Krishnan, R. (1996). Socially shared cognition at work:

Transactive memory and group performance. In J. L. Nye & M. Brower (Eds.), What’s so

social about social cognitions? Social cognition in small groups (pp. 57–84). Thousand

Oaks: Sage.

Morgeson, F. P., & Humphrey, S. E. (2006). The work design questionnaire (WDQ): Developing

and validating a comprehensive measure for assessing job design and the nature of work.


Morris, M. W., Larrick, R., & Su, S. K. (1999). Misperceiving negotiation counterparts: When

situationally determined bargaining behaviors are attributed to personality traits. Journal of


Nelson, P. D., & Berry, N. H. (1965). Changes in sociometric status during military basic training

related to performance two years later. Journal of Psychology, 61, 251–255.

Overbeck, J. R., Correll, J. C., & Park, B. (2005). The internal sorting process of group status:

The problem of too many stars. In M. Hunt-Thomas, E. Mannix, & M. A. Neale (Eds.),

REFERENCES

160

Research on managing groups and teams (pp. 169–199). St. Louis: Elsevier.

Passos, A. M., & Caetano, A. (2005). Exploring the effects of intragroup conflict and past

performance feedback on team effectiveness. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 20, 231–

244.

Pearce, J. L. (2001). Less epistemology; More government and social status. Human Relations,

54, 85–89.

Pfeffer, J. (1998). The human equation: Building profits by putting people first. Boston: Harvard

Business School Press.

Pfeffer, J. (2009). Understanding power in organizations. In D. Tjosvold & B. Wisse (Eds.),

Power and interdependence in organizations (pp. 17–32). Cambridge: Cambridge University

Press.

Pfeffer, J., & Langton, N. (1993). The effect of wage dispersion on satisfaction, productivity, and

working collaboratively: Evidence from college and university faculty. Administrative

Science Quarterly, 38, 382–407.

Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., Lee, J. Y., & Podsakoff, N. P. (2003). Common method

biases in behavioral research: A critical review of the literature and recommended remedies.


Preacher, K. J., Rucker, D. D., & Hayes, A. F. (2007). Addressing moderated mediation

hypotheses: Theory, methods, and prescriptions. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 42, 185–

227.

Pugh, D. S., & Hickson, D. J. (1976). Organizational structure in its context: The Aston Program

I. Farnborough Hants: Saxon House.

Raudenbush, S. W., & Bryk, A. S. (2002). Hierarchical linear models: Applications and data

analysis methods. Thousand Oaks: Sage.

REFERENCES

161

Raven, B. H. (1965). Social influence and power. In I.D. Steiner & M. Fishbein (Eds.), Current

studies in social psychology (pp. 371–382). New York: Holt, Rinehart, Winston.

Ravlin, E. C., & Thomas, D. C. (2005). Status and stratification processes in organizational life.

Journal of Management, 31, 966–987.

Rees, C. R., & Segal, M. W. (1984). Intragroup competition, equity, and interpersonal attraction.

Social Psychology Quarterly, 47, 328–336.

Richards, D. G., & Guell, R. C. (1998). Baseball success and the structure of salaries. Applied

Economic Letters, 5, 291–296.

Ridgeway, C. L. (1987). Nonverbal behavior, dominance, and the basis of status in task groups.

American Sociological Review, 52, 683–694.

Ridgeway, C. L., & Diekema, D. (1989). Dominance and collective hierarchy formation in male

and female task groups. American Sociological Review, 54, 79–93.

Ridgeway, C. L., & Walker, H. A. (1995). Status structures. In S. Cook, G. A. Fine, & J. H.

House (Eds.), Sociological perspectives on social psychology (pp. 281–310). Boston: Allyn

& Bacon.

Rink, F. A., Kane, A. A., Ellemers, N., & Van der Vegt, G. S. (2013). Team receptivity to

newcomers: Five decades of evidence and future research themes. The Academy of

Management Annals, 7, 247–293.

Roberson, Q. M., Sturman, M. C., & Simons, T. L. (2007). Does the level of dispersion matter in

multilevel research? A comparison of the relative performance of dispersion indexes.

Organizational Research Methods, 10, 564–588.

Robinson, S. L., & Bennett, R. J. (1995). A typology of deviant workplace behaviors: A multi-

dimensional scaling study. Academy of Management Journal, 38, 555–572.

REFERENCES

162

Roby, T. B., Nicol, E. H., & Farrell, F. M. (1963). Group problem solving under two types of

executive structure. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 67, 550–556.

Ronay, R., Greenaway, K., Anicich, E. M., & Galinsky, A. D. (2012). The path to glory is paved

with hierarchy: When hierarchical differentiation increases group effectiveness.

Psychological Science, 23, 669–677.

Rulke, D. L., & Galaskiewicz, J. (2000). Distribution of knowledge, group network structure, and

group performance. Management Science, 46, 612–625.

Sachdev, I., & Bourhis, R. Y. (1991). Power and status differentials in minority and majority

group relations. European Journal of Social Psychology, 21, 1–24.

Salin, D. (2003a). Bullying and organizational politics in competitive and rapidly changing work

environments. International Journal of Management and Decision Making, 4, 35−46.

Salin, D. (2003b). Ways of explaining workplace bullying: A review of enabling, motivating, and

precipitating structures and processes in the work environment. Human Relations, 56,

1213−1232.

Salk, J. E., & Brannen, M. Y. (2000). National culture, networks, and individual influence in a

multinational management team. Academy of Management Journal, 43, 191−202.

Sande, G. N., Ellard, J. H., & Ross, M. (1986). Effect of arbitrarily assigned status labels on self-

perceptions and social perceptions: The mere position effect. Journal of Personality and


Sapolsky, R. M. (2004). Social status and health in humans and other animals. Annual Review of

Anthropology, 33, 393–418.

Sapolsky, R. M. (2005). The influence of social hierarchy on primate health. Science, 308, 648–

652.

REFERENCES

163

Savin-Williams, R. C. (1979). Dominance hierarchies in groups of early adolescents. Child

Development, 50, 923–935.

Schjelderupp-Ebbe, T. (1935). Social behavior in birds. In C. Murchison (Ed.), Handbook of

social psychology (pp. 947–972). Worcester: Clark University Press.

Schoel, C., Bluemke, M., Mueller, P., & Stahlberg, D. (2011). When autocratic leaders become

an option - Uncertainty and self-esteem predict implicit leadership preferences. Journal of


Schrag, C. (1954). Leadership among prison inmates. American Sociological Review, 19, 37–42.

Schwenk, C. R., & Cosier, R. A. (1993). Effects of consensus and devil’s advocacy on strategic

decision-making. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 23, 126–139.

Scott, W. R. (1987). Organizations: Rational, natural and open systems (2nd ed.). Englewood

Cliffs: Prentice-Hall.

Shadish, W. R., Cook, T. D., & Campbell, D. T. (2002). Experimental and quasi-experimental

design for generalized causal inference. Boston: Houghton-Mifflin.

Shah, P. P., & Jehn, K. A. (1993). Do friends perform better than acquaintances? The interaction

of friendship, conflict, and task. Group Decision and Negotiation, 2, 149–165.

Shaw, M. E. (1954). Some effects of problem complexity upon problem solution efficiency in

different communication nets. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 48, 211–217.

Shaw, M. E. (1964). Communication networks. In L. Berkowitz (Ed.), Advances in experimental

social psychology (pp. 111–147). New York: Academic Press.

Shizuka, D., & McDonald, D. B. (2012). A social network perspective on measurements of

dominance hierarchies. Animal Behaviour, 83, 925–934.

REFERENCES

164

Siegel, P. A., & Hambrick, D. C. (2005). Pay disparities within top management groups:

Evidence of harmful effects on performance of high-technology firms. Organization Science,

16, 259–274.

Siemsen, E., Roth, A., & Oliveira, P. (2010). Common method bias in regression models with

linear, quadratic, and interaction effects. Organizational Research Methods, 13, 456–476.

Simpson, B., Willer, R., & Ridgeway, C. L. (2012). Status hierarchies and the organization of

collective action. Sociological Theory, 30, 149–166.

Sirot, E. (2000). An evolutionarily stable strategy for aggressiveness in feeding groups.

Behavioral Ecology, 11, 351–356.

Small, E. E., & Rentsch, J. R. (2010). Shared leadership in teams: A matter of distribution.

Journal of Personnel Psychology, 9, 203–211.

Sneddon, L. U., Hawkesworth, S., Braithwaite, V. A., & Yerbury, J. (2006). Impact of

environmental disturbance on the stability and benefits of individual status within dominance

hierarchies. Ethology, 112, 437–447.

Sonnentag, S. (1995). Excellent software professionals: Experience, work activities, and

perceptions by peers. Behaviour and Information Technology, 14, 289–299.

Sonnentag, S., & Volmer, J. (2009). Individual-level predictors of task-related teamwork

processes: The role of expertise and self-efficacy in team meetings. Group and Organization

Management, 34, 37–66.

Spreitzer, G. M. (1995). Psychological empowerment in the workplace: Dimensions,

measurement, and validation. Academy of Management Journal, 38, 1442–1465.

Srivastava, S., & Anderson, C. (2011). Accurate when it counts: Perceiving power and status in

social groups. In J. L. Smith, W. Ickes, J. Hall, S. D. Hodges, & W. Gardner (Eds.),

Managing interpersonal sensitivity: Knowing when–and when not–to understand others (pp.

REFERENCES

165

41–58). Hauppauge: Nova Science Publishers.

Staw, B. M., Sutton, R. I., & Pelled, L. H. (1994). Employee positive emotion and favorable

outcomes at the workplace. Organization Science, 5, 51–71.

Stewart, D. D., & Stasser, G. (1995). Expert role assignment and information sampling during

collective recall and decision-making. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 69,

619–628.

Stogdill, R. M. (1959). Individual behavior and group achievement. New York: Oxford

University Press.

Stogdill, R. M. (1974). Handbook of leadership: A survey of theory and research. New York:

Free Press.

Strayer, F., & Strayer, J. (1976). An ethological analysis of social agonism and dominance

relations among preschool children. Child Development, 47, 980–989.

Taris, T. W., & Schreurs, P. J. G. (2009). Well-being and organizational performance: An

organizational-level test of the happy-productive worker hypothesis. Work and Stress, 23,

120–136.

Thibaut, J. W., & Kelley, H. H. (1959). The social psychology of groups. New York: Wiley.

Thomas, K. W. (1992). Conflict and negotiation processes in organizations. In M. Dunnette & L.

Hough (Eds.), Handbook of industrial and organizational psychology (pp. 651–718). Palo

Alto: Consulting Psychologists Press.

Tiedens, L. Z. (2001). Anger and advancement versus sadness and subjugation: The effect of

negative emotion expressions on social status conferral. Journal of Personality and Social


Tiedens, L. Z., Unzueta, M. M., & Young, M. J. (2007). An unconscious desire for hierarchy?

The motivated perception of dominance complementarity in task partners. Journal of

REFERENCES

166


Tjosvold, D. (1981). Unequal power relationships within a cooperative or competitive context.

Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 11, 137–150.

Tjosvold, D. (1984). Cooperation theory and organizations. Human Relations, 37, 743–767.

Tjosvold, D. (1988). Cooperative and competitive dynamics within and between organizational

units. Human Relations, 41, 425–436.

Tjosvold, D., & Deemer, D. K. (1981). Effects of a control or collaborative orientation on

participation in organizational decisionmaking. Canadian Journal of Behavioral Science, 13,

33–43.

Tjosvold, D., Johnson, D. W., & Johnson, R. (1984). Influence strategy, perspective-taking, and

relationships between high- and low-power individuals in cooperative and competitive

contexts. Journal of Psychology, 116, 187–202.

Treadway, D. C., Breland, J. W., Williams, L. M., Cho, J., Yang, J., & Ferris, G. R. (2013).

Social influence and interpersonal power in organizations: Roles of performance and political

skill in two studies. Journal of Management, 39, 1529–1553.

Trevor, C. O., Reilly, G., & Gerhart, B. (2012). Reconsidering pay dispersion’s effect on the

performance of interdependent work: Reconciling sorting and pay inequality. Academy of

Management Journal, 55, 585–610.

Trivers, R. (1985). Social evolution. Menlo Park: Benjamin Cummings.

Tsui, A. S. (1984). A role set analysis of managerial reputation. Organizational Behavior and

Human Performance, 34, 64–96.

Tushman, M. L. (1979). Work characteristics and subunit communication structure: A

contingency analysis. Administrative Science Quarterly, 24, 82–98.

REFERENCES

167

Tyler, T. R. (2006). Psychological perspectives on legitimacy and legitimation. Annual Review of


Tyler, T. R., & Blader, S. L. (2002). Autonomous vs. comparative status: Must we be better than

others to feel good about ourselves? Organizational Behavior and Human Decision

Processes, 89, 813–838.

Vaillancourt, T., & Hymel, S. (2006). Aggression and social status: The moderating roles of sex

and peer-valued characteristics. Aggressive Behavior, 32, 396–408.

Van de Ven, A. H., Delbecq, A. L., & Koenig, R. Jr. (1976). Determinants of coordination modes

within organizations. American Sociological Review, 41, 322–338.

Van de Ven, A. H., & Ferry, D. L. (1979). Measuring and assessing organizations. New York:

Wiley Interscience.

Van der Vegt, G. S., & Bunderson, J. S. (2005). Learning and performance in multidisciplinary

teams: The importance of collective team identification. Academy of Management Journal,

48, 532–547.

Van der Vegt, G. S., Bunderson, J. S., & Oosterhof, A. (2006). Expertness diversity and

interpersonal helping in teams: Why those who need the most help end up getting the least.


Van der Vegt, G. S., De Jong, S., Bunderson, J. S., & Molleman, E. (2010). Power asymmetry

and learning in teams: The moderating role of performance feedback. Organization Science,

21, 347–361.

Van der Vegt, G. S., Emans, B. J. M., & Van de Vliert, E. (1998). Motivating effects of task and

outcome interdependence in work teams. Group and Organization Management, 23, 124–

143.

REFERENCES

168

Van der Vegt, G. S., Emans, B. J. M., & Van de Vliert, E. (2000). Team members' affective

responses to patterns of intragroup interdependence and job complexity. Journal of

Management, 26, 633–655.

Van Vugt, M. (2006). Evolutionary origins of leadership and followership. Personality and

Social Psychology Review, 10, 354–371.

Van Vugt, M., Jepson, S. F., Hart, C. M., & De Cremer, D. (2004). Autocratic leadership in

social dilemmas: A threat to group stability. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 40,

1–13.

Vartia, M. (1996). The sources of bullying - psychological work environment and organizational

climate. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 5, 203–214.

Vodosek, M. (2007). Intragroup conflict as a mediator between cultural diversity and work group

outcomes. International Journal of Conflict Management, 18, 345–375.

Walker, H. A., Thomas, G. M., & Zelditch, M. Jr. (1986). Legitimation, endorsement, and

stability. Social Forces, 64, 620–643.

Wall, V., & Nolan, L. (1986). Perceptions of inequality, satisfaction, and conflict in task oriented

groups. Human Relations, 39, 1033–1052.

Washington, M., & Zajac, E. J. (2005). Status evolution and competition: Theory and evidence.


Westman, M., & Etzion, D. (1999). The crossover of strain from school principals to teachers and

vice versa. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 4, 269–278.

Whyte, W. F. (1943). Street corner society: The social structure of an Italian slum. Chicago:

University of Chicago Press.

Willer, D., Lovaglia, M. J., & Markovsky, B. (1997). Power and influence: A theoretical bridge.

Social Forces, 76, 571–603.

REFERENCES

169

Willer, R. (2009). Groups reward individual sacrifice: The status solution to the collective action

problem. American Sociological Review, 74, 23–43.

Williams, K. Y., & O'Reilly III, C. A. (1998). Demography and diversity in organizations: A

review of 40 years of research. In L. L. Cummings & B. M. Staw (Eds.), Research in

organizational behavior (pp.77–140). Greenwich: JAI Press.

Wilson, D. S., & Sober, E. (1994). Reintroducing group selection to the human behavioral

sciences. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 17, 585–608.

Wilson, E. O. (1975). Sociobiology: The new synthesis. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.

Withey, M., Daft, R. L., & Cooper, W. H. (1983). Measures of Perrow's work unit technology:

An empirical assessment and a new scale. Academy of Management Journal, 26, 45–63.

Wong, E. M., Ormiston, M. E., & Tetlock, P. E. (2011). The effects of top management team

integrative complexity and decentralized decision making on corporate social performance.


Wood, R. E. (1986). Task complexity: Definition of the construct. Organizational Behavior and

Human Decision Processes, 37, 60–82.

Wright, T. A., & Cropanzano, R. (2000). Psychological well-being and job satisfaction as

predictors of job performance. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 5, 84–94.

Wright, T. A., & Staw, B. M. (1999). Affect and favorable work outcomes: Two longitudinal

tests of the happy-productive worker thesis. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 20, 1–23.

Yukl, G., & Tracey, B. (1992). Consequences of influence tactics used with subordinates, peers,

and the boss. Journal of Applied Psychology, 77, 525–535.

Zitek, E. M., & Tiedens, L. Z. (2012). The fluency of social hierarchy: The ease with which

hierarchical relationships are seen, remembered, learned, and liked. Journal of Personality

and Social Psychology, 102, 98–115.

university of groningen the bright side of …references 139 argote, l., turner, m. e., &...

Documents