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University of Groningen The battle between bioturbation and biocompaction Howison, Ruth Alison IMPORTANT NOTE: You are advised to consult the publisher's version (publisher's PDF) if you wish to cite from it. Please check the document version below. Document Version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Publication date: 2016 Link to publication in University of Groningen/UMCG research database Citation for published version (APA): Howison, R. A. (2016). The battle between bioturbation and biocompaction: Biotically driven vegetation mosaics. [Groningen]: University of Groningen. Copyright Other than for strictly personal use, it is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons). Take-down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Downloaded from the University of Groningen/UMCG research database (Pure): http://www.rug.nl/research/portal. For technical reasons the number of authors shown on this cover page is limited to 10 maximum. Download date: 22-06-2020

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Page 1: University of Groningen The battle between bioturbation ... · A abdelmagid, a. H., schuman, g. e. & Hart, r. H. (1987) soil bulk- density and water infiltration as affected by grazing

University of Groningen

The battle between bioturbation and biocompactionHowison, Ruth Alison

IMPORTANT NOTE: You are advised to consult the publisher's version (publisher's PDF) if you wish to cite fromit. Please check the document version below.

Document VersionPublisher's PDF, also known as Version of record

Publication date:2016

Link to publication in University of Groningen/UMCG research database

Citation for published version (APA):Howison, R. A. (2016). The battle between bioturbation and biocompaction: Biotically driven vegetationmosaics. [Groningen]: University of Groningen.

CopyrightOther than for strictly personal use, it is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of theauthor(s) and/or copyright holder(s), unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons).

Take-down policyIf you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediatelyand investigate your claim.

Downloaded from the University of Groningen/UMCG research database (Pure): http://www.rug.nl/research/portal. For technical reasons thenumber of authors shown on this cover page is limited to 10 maximum.

Download date: 22-06-2020

Page 2: University of Groningen The battle between bioturbation ... · A abdelmagid, a. H., schuman, g. e. & Hart, r. H. (1987) soil bulk- density and water infiltration as affected by grazing

references

RH-diss-druk_RK-diss 16-11-15 21:53 Pagina 129

References

Page 3: University of Groningen The battle between bioturbation ... · A abdelmagid, a. H., schuman, g. e. & Hart, r. H. (1987) soil bulk- density and water infiltration as affected by grazing

Aabdelmagid, a. H., schuman, g. e. & Hart, r. H. (1987) soil bulk- density and water infiltration asaffected by grazing system. Journal of Range Management, 40, 307–309.abdelmajeed, n. a., danial, e. n. & ayad, H. s. (2013) the effect of environmental stress on qualitativeand quantitative essential oil of aromatic and medicinal plants. Archives Des Sciences, 66, 100–120.adl, s. m. (2003) the ecology of soil decomposition. caBi Publishing, london, UK.adler, P., raff, d. & lauenroth, W. (2001) the effect of grazing on the spatial heterogeneity of vegeta-tion. Oecologia, 128, 465–479.anderson, t. m., Kumordzi, B. B., Fokkema, W., Fox, H. v. & olff, H. (2013) distinct physiologicalresponses underlie defoliation tolerance in african lawn and bunch grasses. international Journalof Plant sciences, 174, 769–778.andresen, H., Bakker, J., Brongers, m., Heydemann, B. & irmler, U. (1990) long-term changes of saltmarsh communities by cattle grazing. Vegetatio, 89, 137–148.archibald, s., Bond, W. J., stock, W. d. & Fairbanks, d. H. K. (2005) shaping the landscape: Fire grazerinteractions in an african savanna. Ecological Applications, 15, 96–109.armas, c., ordiales, r. & Pugnaire, F. i. (2004) measuring plant interactions: a new comparative index.Ecology, 85, 2682–2686.armstrong, W., Wright, e., lythe, s. & gaynard, t. (1985) Plant zonation and the effects of the spring-neap tidal cycle on soil aeration in a Humber salt marsh. The Journal of Ecology, 73, 323–339.austin, m., Fresco, l., nicholls, a., groves, r. & Kaye, P. (1988) competition and relative yield: estima-tion and interpretation at different densities and under various nutrient concentrations usingSilybum marianum and Cirsium vulgare. The Journal of Ecology, 76, 157-171.

BBakker, e., olff, H., Boekhoff, m., gleichman, J. & Berendse, F. (2004) impact of herbivores on nitrogencycling: contrasting effects of small and large species. Oecologia, 138, 91–101.Bakker, J., de leeuw, J., dijkema, K., leendertse, P., Prins, H. H. t. & rozema, J. (1993) salt marshesalong the coast of the netherlands. Hydrobiologia, 265, 73–95.Bakker, J. P. (1989) grazing. Nature Management by Grazing and Cutting pp. 239–268. springer.Bakker, J. P., Kuijper, d. P. J. & stahl, J. (2010) community ecology and management of salt marshes. Commu -nity Ecology: Processes, Models and Applications (eds H. a. verhoef & P. J. morin). oxford, new york.Balfour, d. a. & Howison, o. e. (2001) spatial and temporal variation in a mesic savanna fire regime:responses to variation in annual rainfall. African Journal of Range & Forage Science, 19, 43–51.Bates, d., maechler, m., Bolker, B. & Walker, s. (2014) lme4: linear mixed-effects models using eigenand s4. R package version, 1.1–7.Behmer, s. t. (2009) insect herbivore nutrient regulation. Annual review of entomology, 54, 165–187.Belovsky, g. e. (1997) optimal foraging and community structure: the allometry of herbivore foodselection and competition. Evolutionary Ecology, 11, 641–672.Belsky, a. J. (1986) Population and community processes in a mosaic grassland in the serengeti,tanzania. The Journal of Ecology, 74, 841–856.Bergvall, U. a., rautio, P., Kesti, K., tuomi, J. & leimar, o. (2006) associational effects of plant defencesin relation to within-and between-patch food choice by a mammalian herbivore: neighbourcontrast susceptibility and defence. Oecologia, 147, 253–260.Bertness, m. d. (1985) Fiddler crab regulation of Spartina alterniflora production on a new england saltmarsh. Ecology, 63, 1042–1055.Bertness, m. d. & callaway, r. (1994) Positive interactions in communities. Trends in Ecology &Evolution, 9, 191–193.Bertness, m. d. & ewanchuk, P. J. (2002) latitudinal and climate-driven variation in the strength andnature of biological interactions in new england salt marshes. Oecologia, 132, 392–401.Bertness, m. d. & leonard, g. H. (1997) the role of positive interactions in communities: lessons fromintertidal habitats. Ecology, 78, 1976–1989.Bockelmann, a. c. & neuhaus, r. (1999) competitive exclusion of Elymus athericus from a high-stresshabitat in a european salt marsh. Journal of Ecology, 87, 503–513.Bos, d., Bakker, J. P., vries, y. & lieshout, s. (2002) long term vegetation changes in experimentallygrazed and ungrazed back barrier marshes in the Wadden sea. Applied Vegetation Science, 5, 45–54.

130 REFERENCES

RH-diss-druk_RK-diss 16-11-15 21:53 Pagina 130

AAbdelmagid, A. H., Schuman, G. E. & Hart, R. H. (1987) Soil bulk— density and water infiltration as

affected by grazing system. journal ofRange Management, 40, 307—309.Abdelmajeed, N. A., Danial, E. N. & Ayad, H. S. (2013) The effect of environmental stress on qualitative

and quantitative essential oil of aromatic and medicinal plants. Archives Des Sciences, 66, 100—120.Adl, S. M. (2003) The ecology of soil decomposition. CABI Publishing, London, UK.Adler, P., Raff, D. & Lauenroth, W. (2001) The effect of grazing on the spatial heterogeneity of vegeta-

tion. 0ecoIogia, 128, 465—479.Anderson, T. M., Kumordzi, B. B., Fokkema, W., Fox, H. V. & Olff, H. (2013) Distinct physiological

responses underlie defoliation tolerance in African lawn and bunch grasses. International Iournalof Plant Sciences, 174, 769—778.

Andresen, H., Bakker, I., Brongers, M., Heydemann, B. & Irmler, U. (1990) Long-term changes of saltmarsh communities by cattle grazing. Vegetatio, 89, 137—148.

Archibald, 5., Bond, W. I., Stock, W. D. & Fairbanks, D. H. K. (2005) Shaping the landscape: Fire grazerinteractions in an African savanna. Ecological Applications, 15, 96—109.

Armas, C., Ordiales, R. & Pugnaire, F. I. (2004) Measuring plant interactions: a new comparative index.Ecology, 85, 2682—2686.

Armstrong, W., Wright, E., Lythe, S. & Gaynard, T. (1985) Plant zonation and the effects of the spring-neap tidal cycle on soil aeration in a Humber salt marsh. The journal ofEcology, 73, 323—339.

Austin, M., Fresco, L., Nicholls, A., Groves, R. & Kaye, P. (1988) Competition and relative yield: estima-tion and interpretation at different densities and under various nutrient concentrations usingSilybum marianum and Cirsium vulgare. Thejournal ofEcology, 76, 157-171.

BBakker, E., 0l H., Boekhoff, M., Gleichman, I. & Berendse, F. (2004) Impact of herbivores on nitrogen

cycling: contrasting effects of small and large species. 0ecoIogia, 138, 91—101.Bakker, I., De Leeuw, I., Dijkema, K., Leendertse, P., Prins, H. H. T. & Rozema, I. (1993) Salt marshes

along the coast of the Netherlands. Hydrobiologia, 265, 73—95.Bakker, I. P. (1989) Grazing. Nature Management by Grazing and Cutting pp. 239—268. Springer.Bakker, I. P., Kuijper, D. P. I. & Stahl, I. (2010) Community ecology and management of salt marshes. Commu-

nity Ecology: Processes, Models and Applications (eds H. A. Verhoef & P. I. Morin). Oxford, New York.Balfour, D. A. & Howison, 0. E. (2001) Spatial and temporal variation in a mesic savanna fire regime:

Responses to variation in annual rainfall. African journal ofRange & Forage Science, 19, 43—51.Bates, D., Maechler, M., Bolker, B. & Walker, S. (2014) lme4: Linear mixed-effects models using Eigen

and S4. R package version, 1.1—7.Behmer, S. T. (2009) Insect herbivore nutrient regulation. Annual review ofentomology, 54, 165—187.Belovsky, G. E. (1997) Optimal foraging and community structure: The allometry of herbivore food

selection and competition. Evolutionary Ecology, 11, 641—672.Belsky, A. I. (1986) Population and community processes in a mosaic grassland in the Serengeti,

Tanzania. Thejournal ofEcology, 74, 841—856.Bergvall, U. A., Rautio, P., Kesti, K., Tuomi, I. & Leimar, 0. (2006) Associational effects of plant defences

in relation to within-and between-patch food choice by a mammalian herbivore: neighbourcontrast susceptibility and defence. 0ecoIogia, 147, 253—260.

Bertness, M. D. (1985) Fiddler crab regulation ofSpartina altermflora production on a New England saltmarsh. Ecology, 63, 1042—1055.

Bertness, M. D. & Callaway, R. (1994) Positive interactions in communities. Trends in Ecology &Evolution, 9, 191—193.

Bertness, M. D. & Ewanchuk, P. I. (2002) Latitudinal and climate-driven variation in the strength andnature of biological interactions in New England salt marshes. 0ecoIogia, 132, 392—401.

Bertness, M. D. & Leonard, G. H. (1997) The role of positive interactions in communities: lessons fromintertidal habitats. Ecology, 78, 1976—1989.

Bockelmann, A. C. & Neuhaus, R. (1999) Competitive exclusion of Elymus athericus from a high-stresshabitat in a European salt marsh. journal ofEcology, 87, 503—513.

305, D., Bakker, I. P., Vries, Y. & Lieshout, S. (2002) Long term vegetation changes in experimentallygrazed and ungrazed back barrier marshes in the Wadden Sea. Applied Vegetation Science, 5, 45—54.

130 REFERENCES

Page 4: University of Groningen The battle between bioturbation ... · A abdelmagid, a. H., schuman, g. e. & Hart, r. H. (1987) soil bulk- density and water infiltration as affected by grazing

Bos, d., van de Koppel, J. & Weissing, F. J. (2004) dark-bellied Brent geese aggregate to cope withincreased levels of primary production. Oikos, 107, 485–496.Boughton, e. H., Quintana-ascencio, P. F. & Bohlen, P. J. (2011) refuge effects of Juncus effusus ingrazed, subtropical wetland plant communities. Plant Ecology, 212, 451–460.Bower, H. (1986) intake rate: cylinder infiltrometer. Methods of soil analysis (ed a. Klute), pp. 825–843.american society of agronomy and soil science society of america, madison, Wi.Brooker, r. W. & callaghan, t. v. (1998) the balance between positive and negative plant interactionsand its relationship to environmental gradients: a model. Oikos, 81, 196–207.Bruno, J. F., stachowicz, J. J. & Bertness, m. d. (2003) inclusion of facilitation into ecological theory.Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 18, 119–125.Bump, J. K., Peterson, r. o. & vucetich, J. a. (2009) Wolves modulate soil nutrient heterogeneity andfoliar nitrogen by configuring the distribution of ungulate carcasses. Ecology, 90, 3159–3167.Butler, d. r. (1995) Zoogeomorphology; Animals as geomorphic agents. caimbridge University Press,caimbridge.Butterfield, n. J. (2011) animals and the invention of the Phanerozoic earth system. Trends in Ecology &Evolution, 26, 81–87.

Ccallaway, r. m. (1997) Positive interactions in plant communities and the individualistic-continuumconcept. Oecologia, 112, 143–149.chao, a., simon-Freeman, r. & grether, g. (2013) Patterns of niche partitioning and alternative repro-ductive strategies in an east african dung beetle assemblage. Journal of insect behavior, 26,525–539.chapin, F. s. i., Zavelaeta, e. s., eviner, v. t., naylor, r. l., vitousek, P. m., reynolds, H. l., Hooper, d. U.,lavorel, s., sala, o. e., Hobbie, s. e., mack, m. c. & diaz, s. (2000) consequences of changing biodiver-sity. Nature, 405, 234–242.cid, m. s. & Brizuela, m. a. (1998) Heterogeneity in tall fescue pastures created and sustained by cattlegrazing. Journal of Range Management, 51, 644–649.cingolani, a. m., Posse, g. & collantes, m. B. (2005) Plant functional traits, herbivore selectivity andresponse to sheep grazing in Patagonian steppe grasslands. Journal of Applied Ecology, 42, 50–59.coleman, F. c. & Williams, s. l. (2002) overexploiting marine ecosystem engineers: potential conse-quences for biodiversity. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 17, 40–44.colmer, t. d. & Flowers, t. J. (2008) Flooding tolerance in halophytes. New Phytologist, 179, 964–974.cornwell, W. K. & ackerly, d. d. (2009) community assembly and shifts in plant trait distributionsacross an environmental gradient in coastal california. Ecological Monographs, 79, 109–126.coughenour, m., mcnaughton, s. & Wallace, l. (1985a) responses of an african graminoid (Themedatriandra Forsk.) to frequent defoliation, nitrogen, and water: a limit of adaptation to herbivory.Oecologia, 68, 105–110.coughenour, m. B., mcnaughton, s. J. & Wallace, l. l. (1985b) responses of an african tall-grass Hyparr -henia filipendula to defoliation and limitations of water and nitrogen. Oecologia (Berlin), 68, 80–86.crain, c. m. (2008) interactions between marsh plant species vary in direction and strength dependingon environmental and consumer context. Journal of Ecology, 96, 166–173.crawley, m. J. (2005) Statistics: An introduction using R. John Wiley & sons, West sussex.crawley, m. J. (2007) The R Book. John Wiley & sons ltd., chinchester.cromsigt, J. P. & Beest, m. (2014) restoration of a megaherbivore: landscape-level impacts of whiterhinoceros in Kruger national Park, south africa. Journal of Ecology, 102, 566–575.cromsigt, J. P. & olff, H. (2008) dynamics of grazing lawn formation: an experimental test of the role ofscale-dependent processes. Oikos, 117, 1444–1452.cromsigt, J. P., Prins, H. H. & olff, H. (2009) Habitat heterogeneity as a driver of ungulate diversity anddistribution patterns: interaction of body mass and digestive strategy. Diversity and distributions,15, 513–522.cumming, d. H. m. & cumming, g. s. (2003) Ungulate community structure and ecological processes:body size, hoof area and trampling in african savannas. Oecologia, 134, 560–568.curry, J. & Boyle, K. (1987) growth rates, establishment, and effects on herbage yield of introducedearthworms in grassland on reclaimed cutover peat. Biology and fertility of soils, 3, 95–98.

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RH-diss-druk_RK-diss 16-11-15 21:53 Pagina 131

Bos, D., Van De Koppel, I. & Weissing, F. I. [2004) Dark—bellied Brent geese aggregate to cope withincreased levels of primary production. 0ikos, 107, 485—496.

Boughton, E. H., Quintana-Ascencio, P. F. & Bohlen, P. I. [2011) Refuge effects of Iuncus effusus ingrazed, subtropical wetland plant communities. Plant Ecology, 212, 451—460.

Bower, H. [1986) Intake rate: cylinder infiltrometer. Methods ofsoil analysis [ed A. Klute), pp. 825—843.American Society of Agronomy and Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI.

Brooker, R. W. & Callaghan, T. V. [1998) The balance between positive and negative plant interactionsand its relationship to environmental gradients: a model. Oikos, 81, 196—207.

Bruno, I. F., Stachowicz, I. I. & Bertness, M. D. [2003) Inclusion of facilitation into ecological theory.Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 18, 119—125.

Bump, I. K., Peterson, R. 0. & Vucetich, I. A. [2009) Wolves modulate soil nutrient heterogeneity andfoliar nitrogen by configuring the distribution of ungulate carcasses. Ecology, 90, 3159—3167.

Butler, D. R. [1995) Zoogeomorphology; Animals as geomorphic agents. Caimbridge University Press,Caimbridge.

Butterfield, N. I. [2011) Animals and the invention of the Phanerozoic Earth system. Trends in Ecology &Evolution, 26, 81—87.

CCallaway, R. M. [1997) Positive interactions in plant communities and the individualistic-continuum

concept. Oecologia, 112, 143—149.Chao, A., Simon-Freeman, R. & Grether, G. [2013) Patterns of niche partitioning and alternative repro-

ductive strategies in an East African dung beetle assemblage. journal of insect behavior, 26,525—539.

Chapin, F. S. I., Zavelaeta, E. S., Eviner, V. T., Naylor, R. L., Vitousek, P. M., Reynolds, H. L., Hooper, D. U.,Lavorel, S., Sala, O. E., Hobbie, S. E., Mack, M. C. & Diaz, S. [2000) Consequences of changing biodiver-sity. Nature, 405, 234—242.

Cid, M. S. & Brizuela, M. A. [1998) Heterogeneity in tall fescue pastures created and sustained by cattlegrazing. journal ofRange Management, 51, 644—649.

Cingolani, A. M., Posse, G. & Collantes, M. B. [2005) Plant functional traits, herbivore selectivity andresponse to sheep grazing in Patagonian steppe grasslands. journal oppIied Ecology, 42, 50—59.

Coleman, F. C. & Williams, S. L. [2002) Overexploiting marine ecosystem engineers: potential conse-quences for biodiversity. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 17, 40—44.

Colmer, T. D. & Flowers, T. I. [2008) Flooding tolerance in halophytes. New Phytologist, 179, 964—974.Cornwell, W. K. & Ackerly, D. D. [2009) Community assembly and shifts in plant trait distributions

across an environmental gradient in coastal California. Ecological Monographs, 79, 109—126.Coughenour, M., McNaughton, S. & Wallace, L. [1985a] Responses of an African graminoid [Themeda

triandra Forsk.) to frequent defoliation, nitrogen, and water: a limit of adaptation to herbivory.Oecologia, 68, 105—110.

Coughenour, M. B., McNaughton, S. I. & Wallace, L. L. [1985b] Responses of an African tall-grass Hyparr-heniafilipendula to defoliation and limitations of water and nitrogen. Oecologia (Berlin), 68, 80—86.

Crain, C. M. [2008) Interactions between marsh plant species vary in direction and strength dependingon environmental and consumer context. journal ofEcology, 96, 166—173.

Crawley, M. I. [2005) Statistics: An introduction using R. Iohn Wiley & Sons, West Sussex.Crawley, M. I. [2007) The R Book. Iohn Wiley & Sons Ltd., Chinchester.Cromsigt, I. P. & Beest, M. [2014) Restoration ofa megaherbivore: landscape-level impacts ofwhite

rhinoceros in Kruger National Park, South Africa. journal ofEcology, 102, 566—575.Cromsigt, I. P. & Olff, H. [2008) Dynamics of grazing lawn formation: an experimental test of the role of

scale-dependent processes. Oikos, 117, 1444—1452.Cromsigt, I. P., Prins, H. H. & Olff, H. [2009) Habitat heterogeneity as a driver of ungulate diversity and

distribution patterns: interaction of body mass and digestive strategy. Diversity and distributions,15, 513—522.

Cumming, D. H. M. & Cumming, G. S. [2003) Ungulate community structure and ecological processes:body size, hoof area and trampling in African savannas. Oecologia, 134-, 560—568.

Curry, I. & Boyle, K. [1987) Growth rates, establishment, and effects on herbage yield of introducedearthworms in grassland on reclaimed cutover peat. Biology andfertility ofsoils, 3, 95—98.

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CWSS [2010) Wadden Sea Plan 2001. 11th Trilateral Governmental Conference on the Protection of theWadden Sea. Common Wadden Sea Secretariat, Wilhelmshaven, Germany.

DDarwin, C. [1881) The formation ofvegetable mould, through the action ofworms : with observations on

their habits Iohn Murray, London.Davy, A. I., Brown, M. I. H., Mossman, H. L. & Grant, A. (2011) Colonization of a newly developing salt

marsh: disentangling independent effects of elevation and redox potential on halophytes. journal ofEcology, 99, 1350—1357.

De Leeuw, I., Olff, H. & Bakker, I. (1990] Year-to-year variation in peak above-ground biomass of sixsalt-marsh angiosperm communities as related to rainfall deficit and inundation frequency. AquaticBotany, 36,139—151.

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