University of Dar es SalaamInstitute of Statistics, Nov 2003

Gunnar Thorvaldsen

Norwegian Historical Data Centre

Household Structure and the Census

1801 in Denmark, Iceland and Norway

• 925000+880000+25000

• World’s first census?

• Completely digitized

• N & DK can be searched

• No common interface

• No birthplaceWhen is a census, a census? Goyer (1986):When is a census, a census? Goyer (1986):

1. National legal authority1. National legal authority

2. Defined enumeration area2. Defined enumeration area3. Complete coverage3. Complete coverage 4. Simultaneous enumeration4. Simultaneous enumeration

5. Individual enumeration5. Individual enumeration6. Periodic enumeration6. Periodic enumeration7. Publication of results7. Publication of results8. Dissemination of results8. Dissemination of results

27 Tussøen

First Last name Sex Family Marital stat Occupation Year Place of birth

Hans Hagerup Brox M Hf G Farmer Fisher 1827Sara Brox K Hf G Farmer wife 1845Albert Brox M S U Son 1874Edevard Brox M S U Son 1877Nekolai Brox M S U Son 1885Anne Gunders. K Tj U Servant girl 1860 Lenvik

27 TussøenJohanne Brox K Hm E Grocer’s widow, farmer 1836 Tromsø

Regine Brox K D U Daughter 1875Else Anders. K Tj U Servant girl 18767 Tussøen J

Hans A. Brox M Hf G Farmer Fisher 1833Margrethe Brox K Hm G Farmer’s wife 1841 Berg i Senjen Tr

Else M. Brox K D U Daughter 1873Daniel Brox M S U Son 1874Haakon Brox M S U Son 1884Hans M. Brox M S U Son 1886Johanne Brox K D U Daughter 1869Magnhild Ols. K Pld U Step daughter 1897Karoline Karls. K Pld U Step daughter 1891Mette Øyen K Tj U Servant girl 1879 Tromsøsund

Lorentine Karesius. K Forsør. U Poor relief 1840Edvard Antons. M Hf G Fisher, lodger 1873 Tromsøsund

Dorthea Brox K Hm G Lodgerwife 1879Trygve Johans. M S U Son 15061899

Tussøy 1900

121001026007007200000112100001042220020260070072000001121000010432300100600700720000012123000000423002004007000000000000000000005230020020070000000000000000000062300200000700000000000000000000

Census Census microdata:microdata:

NAPP North Atlantic Population Project

• Britain 1881 29 mill• Canada 1881 4.3 mill• USA 1880 50 mill• Iceland 1870 70000

1901 72000• Norway 1865 1.7 mill

1900 2.2 mill

2001-2005 Integrated with constructed variables

IPUMS internationalMinnesota Population Center

http://ipums.org

Table 2: Data Available in IPUMS-I Beta Release

Census Years Available

Colombia 1964 1973 1985 1993France 1962 1968 1975 1982 1990Kenya 1989 1999Mexico 1960 1970 1990 2000Vietnam 1989 1999United States 1960 1970 1980 1990

Future additions: Brazil, China, Hungary, SpainIPUMS Latin AmericaOther countries pendingStrict confidentiality rulesRegistered users

Extraction system

On a millennial scale, On a millennial scale, censuses and census microdata survive censuses and census microdata survive for only a short, but significant periodfor only a short, but significant period

The population census goes globalThe population census goes globalCoverage becomes universalCoverage becomes universal

Content becomes uniformContent becomes uniformDecennial censuses become the normDecennial censuses become the norm

Increasingly uniform, principal source on populationIncreasingly uniform, principal source on populationTable 3. Topics in Censuses of 23 selected Asian Countries, 1950-1980

Census Topic 1950 1960 1970 1980 Countries Enumerated 16 21 20 19 Social Sex 16 21 20 19 Age 16 21 20 19 Marital Status 15 19 20 18 Family relationship 12 18 20 17 Language 8 9 9 8 Citizenship 10 12 14 12 Ethnicity/race 9 11 10 9 Religion 10 15 14 10

Education Literacy 13 18 19 14 Years of schooling 14 21 20 19 School attendance 8 9 13 14 Educational qualifications 2 5 9 7 Migration Birthplace 10 15 14 10 Residence 11 14 16 15 Duration of residence 5 7 15 10 Prior residence 2 5 15 11 Urban-rural 11 18 18 17

Preserve against accident, deterioration and Preserve against accident, deterioration and technological obsolescencetechnological obsolescence

» Microdata:Microdata:- transfer to stable media- transfer to stable media- use standard data storage protocols- use standard data storage protocols- entrust copies with at least two depositories - entrust copies with at least two depositories

» Metadata: collect, catalogue, and reproduceMetadata: collect, catalogue, and reproduce- Enumeration forms (preserve all versions used)- Enumeration forms (preserve all versions used)- Enumerator and data processing instructions - Enumerator and data processing instructions - Codebooks (photocopies and scanned images)- Codebooks (photocopies and scanned images)- Technical studies, evaluations, reports- Technical studies, evaluations, reports

(UN Statistical Division: entire archive deposited, being scanned)(UN Statistical Division: entire archive deposited, being scanned)

Globalization of the census Globalization of the census & the coming census microdata revolution& the coming census microdata revolution

» 1. Census microdata: the historical NAPP project1. Census microdata: the historical NAPP project

» 2. The population census went global in 20th century:2. The population census went global in 20th century:coverage, periodicity, and contentcoverage, periodicity, and content

» 3. Liberating census microdata: preservation,3. Liberating census microdata: preservation, anonymization, integration, & dissemination anonymization, integration, & dissemination

» 4. Statistical confidentiality and census samples: 4. Statistical confidentiality and census samples: a 36 year-long perfect record a 36 year-long perfect record

» 5. International norms of statistical confidentiality 5. International norms of statistical confidentiality

» 6. Harmonizing and disseminating scientifically 6. Harmonizing and disseminating scientifically anonymized census samples on the Internetanonymized census samples on the Internet