university health care

8/7/2019 University Health Care

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Technology Overview of Project

C# (SHARP), .NET and SDLC of Project

About C#:

# (pronounced C sharp) is the native language for the .NET Common Language

Runtime. It has been designed to fit seamlessly into the .NET Common Language

Runtime. You can (and, at times, you should) write code in either Visual C++ or

Visual Basic, but in most cases, C# will likely fit your needs better. Because the Common

Language Runtime is central to many things in C#, The .NET Runtime Environment, will

introduce the important parts of itat least, those that are important to the C# language. C#

syntax is highly expressive, yet with less than 90 keywords, it is also simple and easy to

learn.

The curly-brace syntax of C# will be instantly recognizable to anyone familiar with C,C++ or Java. Developers who know any of these languages are typically able to begin

working productively in C# within a very short time. C# syntax simplifies many of the

complexities of C++ while providing powerful features such as nullable value types,

enumerations, delegates, anonymous methods and direct memory access, which are not found

in Java.

C# also supports generic methods and types, which provide increased type safety and

performance, and iterators, which enable implementers of collection classes to define custom

iteration behaviours that are simple to use by client code.

As an object-oriented language, C# supports the concepts of encapsulation,

inheritance and polymorphism. All variables and methods, including the Main method, the

application's entry point, are encapsulated within class definitions. A class may inherit

directly from one parent class, but it may implement any number of interfaces.

Methods that override virtual methods in a parent class require the override keyword

as a way to avoid accidental redefinition. In C#, a struct is like a lightweight class; it is a

stack-allocated type that can implement interfaces but does not support inheritance.

In addition to these basic object-oriented principles, C# facilitates the development of

software components through several innovative language constructs, including:

y Encapsulated method signatures called delegates, which enable type-safe eventnotifications.

y Properties, which serve as accessors for private member variables.y Attributes, which provide declarative metadata about types at run time.y Inline XML documentation comments.

C


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C# Design Goals:

When the C++ language first came out, it caused quite a stir. Here was a language for

creating object-oriented software that didnt require C programmers to abandon their skills or

their investment in software. It wasnt fully object-oriented in the way a language like Eiffel

is, but it had enough object-oriented features to offer great benefits.

C# provides a similar opportunity. In cooperation with the .NET Common Language

Runtime, it provides a language to use for component-oriented software, without forcing

programmers to abandon their investment in C, C++, or COM code.

C# is designed for building robust and durable components to handle real- world

situations.

Component Software:

The .NET Common Language Runtime is a component-based environment, and it

should come as no surprise that C# is designed to make component creation easier.

Its a component-centric language, in that all objects are written as components, and

the component is the center of the action.

Component concepts, such as properties, methods, and events, are first-class citizens

of the language and of the underlying runtime environment. Declarative information (known

as attributes) can be applied to components to convey design- time and runtime information

about the component to other parts of the system. Documentation can be written inside the

component and exported to XML.

C# objects dont require header files, IDL files, or type libraries to be created or used.Components created by C# are fully self-describing and can be used without a registration

process.

C# is aided in the creation of components by the .NET Runtime and Frameworks,

which provide a unified type system in which everything can be treated as an object.

Robust and Durable Software:

In the component-based world, being able to create software that is robust and durable

is very important. Web servers may run for months without a scheduled reboot, and an

unscheduled reboot is undesirable and the garbage collection takes the burden of memory

management away from the programmer, problems of writing version able components are

eased by definable versioning semantics and the ability to separate the interface from the

implementation.

Numerical operations can be checked to ensure that they dont overflow, and arrays

support bounds checking.


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C# also provides an environment that is simple, safe, and straightforward. Error

handling is not an afterthought, with exception handling being present throughout the

environment. The language is type-safe, and it protects against the use of variables that have

not been initialized, unsafe casts, and other common programming errors.

Real-World Software:

Software development isnt pretty. Software is rarely designed on a clean slate; it

must have decent performance, leverage existing code, and be practical to write in terms of

time and budget. A well-designed environment is of little use if it doesnt provide enough

power for real-world use.

C# provides the benefits of an elegant and unified environment, while still providing

access to less reputable featuressuch as pointerswhen those features are needed to get

the job done.

C# protects the investment in existing code. Existing COM objects can be used as ifthey were .NET objects.

The .NET Common Language Runtime will make objects in the runtime appear to be

COM objects to existing COM-based code. Native C code in DLL files can be called from C#

code.

C# provides low-level access when appropriate. Lightweight objects can be written to

be stack allocated and still participate in the unified environment. Low- level access is

provided via the unsafe mode, which allows pointers to be used in cases where performance

is very important or when pointers are required to use existing DLLs.

C# is built on a C++ heritage and should be immediately comfortable for C++

programmers. The language provides a short learning curve, increased productivity, and nounnecessary sacrifices.

Finally, C# capitalizes on the power of the .NET Common Language Runtime, which

provides extensive library support for general programming tasks and application-specific

tasks. The .NET Runtime, Frameworks, and languages are all tied together by the Visual

Studio environment, providing one-stop-shopping for the .NET programmer.

The C# Compiler and Other Resources:

There are two ways of getting the C# compiler. The first is as part of the .NET SDK.

The SDK contains compilers for C#, VB, C++, and all of the frameworks. After you

install the SDK, you can compile C# programs using the csc command, which will generate

an .exe that you can execute. The other way of getting the compiler is as part of the Visual

Studio.NET.


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Summary of versions

C# 2.0 C# 3.0 C# 4.0 C# 5.0 (planned)

y Genericsy Partial typesy Anonymous

methods

y Iteratorsy Nullable types

y Implicitlytyped variables

y Implicitlytyped arrays

y Anonymoustypes

y Extensionmethods

y Queryexpressions

y Lambdaexpressions

y Expressiontrees

y Dynamicbinding

y Named andoptional

arguments

y Generic co-andcontravarian

ce

y Asynchronousmethods

y Compiler As aService


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.NET i

There i one way of descri ing code (metadata), and one runtime and li rary (the

Common Language Runtime and Frameworks). The following diagram shows how the .NET

Runtime is arranged:

The Common Language Runtime provides the basic execution services. On top of

that, the base classes provide basic data types, collection classes, and other general classes.

Built on top ofthe base classes are classes for dealing with data and XML. Finally, atthe top

ofthe architecture are classes to expose web services and to deal with the userinterface. An

application may callin at any level and use classes from any level.

Pri i l desi features:

Because computer systems commonly require interaction between new and older

applications, the .NET Framework provides means to access functionality that is

implemented in programs that execute outside the .NET environment. Access to COM

components is provided in the ystem.Runtime.Interop ervices and

ystem.Enterprise ervices namespaces of the framework; access to other

functionality is provided using the /Invoke feature.

Common Runtime Engine

The Common Language Runtime (CLR) is the execution engine of the .NET

Framework. All .NET programs execute under the supervision of the CLR,

guaranteeing certain properties and behaviors in the areas of memory management,

security, and exception handling.


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The .NET Framework family also includes two versions for mobile or embedded device use.A reduced version of the framework, the .NET Compact Framework, is available on

Windows CE platforms, including Windows Mobile devices such as smartphones.Additionally, the .NET Micro Framework is targeted at severely resource-constrained

devices.

VersionVersion

NumberRelease

DateVisual Studio Default in Windows

1.0 1.0.3705.0 2002-02-13 Visual Studio .NET

1.1 1.1.4322.573 2003-04-24Visual Studio .NET

2003Windows Server 2003

2.0 2.0.50727.42 2005-11-07 Visual Studio 2005 Windows Server 2003 R2

3.0 3.0.4506.30 2006-11-06Windows Vista, Windows Server

2008

3.5 3.5.21022.8 2007-11-19 Visual Studio 2008Windows 7, Windows Server

2008 R2

4.0 4.0.30319.1 2010-04-12 Visual Studio 2010

ABOUT MS-ACCESS

Access is a relational database program .Access is used to enter, edit, and analyze lists of

data. Relational databases minimize redundant data

Advantages of Access

y Duplicate data is minimizedy Information is more accuratey Data entry is faster and easiery Information can be viewed and sorted in multiple ways.y Information is more securey Information can be shared among several usersy Information retrieval is faster and easier


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System Development Methodology

Existing System

During analysis, data collected on the various files, decision points and transactions handledby the present system. The commonly used tools in the system are Data Flow Diagram,

interviews, etc. Training, experience and common sense are required for collection of

relevant information needed to develop the system. The success of the system depends

largely on how clearly the problem is defined, thoroughly investigated and properly carried

out through the choice of solution. A good analysis model should provide not only the

mechanisms of problem understanding but also the frame work of the solution. Thus it

should be studied thoroughly by collecting data about the system. Then the proposed system

should be analyzed thoroughly in accordance with the needs.

y System analysis can be categorized into four parts.y System planning and initial investigationy Information Gatheringy Applying analysis tools for structured analysisy Feasibility studyy Cost/ Benefit analysis.

In the current system we need to keep a number of records related to the student and want to

enter the details of the student and the marks manually. In this system only the teacher or the

school authority views the mark of the student and they want to enter the details of the

student. This is time consuming and has much cost.

y More man power.y Time consuming.y Consumes large volume of pare work.y Needs manual operations.y There is no record for whole university staff.y There is no option of clear or backspace.

Proposed System

The aim of proposed system is to develop a system of improved facilities. The proposed

system can overcome all the limitations of the existing system. The system provides proper

and reduces the manual work.

y Minimum time needed for the various processing.y Greater efficiency.y Better service.


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y User friendliness and interactive.y Minimum time required.y There is an option of clear (all at a time) and backspace (one at a time).y Symptoms, treatment and doctor consulted.y Switching from Standard to Scientific mode.y User friendly interfacey Fast access to databasey Less errory More Storage Capacityy Search facility

FEASIBILITY ANALYSIS

Whatever we think need not be feasible .It is wise to think about the feasibility of any

problem we undertake. Feasibility is the study of impact, which happens in the organization

by the development of a system. The impact can be either positive or negative. When the

positives nominate the negatives, then the system is considered feasible. Here the feasibility

study can be performed in two ways such as technical feasibility and Economical Feasibility.

Technical Feasibility

We can strongly says that it is technically feasible, since there will not be much difficulty in

getting required resources for the development and maintaining the system as well. All the

resources needed for the development of the software as well as the maintenance of the same

is available in the organization here we are utilizing the resources which are available

already.

Economical Feasibility

Development of this application is highly economically feasible .The organization needed

not spend much money for the development of t he system already available. The only thing

is to be done is making an environment for the development with an effective supervision. I f

we are doing so , we can attain the maximum usability of the corresponding resources .Even

after the development , the organization will not be in condition to invest more in t he

organization .Therefore , the system is economically feasible.

1. Initiation Phase

The initiation of a system (or project) begins when a business need or opportunity is

identified. A Project Manager should be appointed to manage the project. This business need

is documented in a Concept Proposal. After the Concept Proposal is approved, the System

Concept Development Phase begins.


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2. System Concept Development Phase

Once a business need is approved, the approaches for accomplishing the concept are reviewed

for feasibility and appropriateness. The Systems Boundary Document identifies the scope of the

system and requires Senior Official approval and funding before beginning the Planning Phase.

3. Planning Phase

The concept is further developed to describe how the business will operate once the approved

system is implemented, and to assess how the system will impact employee and customer

privacy. To ensure the products and /or services provide the required capability on-time and

within budget, project resources, activities, schedules, tools, and reviews are defined.

Additionally, security certification and accreditation activities begin with the identification of

system security requirements and the completion of a high level vulnerability assessment.

4. Requirements Analysis

is Phase Functional user requirements are formally defined and delineate the requirements in

terms of data, system performance, security, and maintainability requirements for the system.

All requirements are defined to a level of detail sufficient for systems design to proceed. All

requirements need to be measurable and testable and relate to the business need or

opportunity identified in the Initiation Phase.

5. Design Phase

The physical characteristics of the system are designed during this phase. The operating

environment is established, major subsystems and their inputs and outputs are defined, and

processes are allocated to resources. Everything requiring user input or approval must be

documented and reviewed by the user. The physical characteristics of the system are

specified and a detailed design is prepared. Subsystems identified during design are used to

create a detailed structure of the system. Each subsystem is partitioned into one or more

design units or modules. Detailed logic specifications are prepared for each software module.

6. Development Phase

The detailed specifications produced during the design phase are translated into hardware,

communications, and executable software. Software shall be unit tested, integrated, and

retested in a systematic manner. Hardware is assembled and tested.


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7. Integration and Test Phase

The various components of the system are integrated and systematically tested. Is the menu

bar displayed in the appropriate contested some system related features included either in

menus or tools? Do pull Down menu operation and Tool-bars work properly? Are all menu

function and pull down sub function properly listed ?; Is it possible to invoke each menufunction using a logical assumptions that if all parts of the system are correct, the goal will be

successfully achieved .? In adequate testing or non-testing will leads to errors that may

appear few months later.

y This create two problemy Time delay between the cause and appearance of the problem.

The effect of the system errors on files and records within the system

The purpose of the system testing is to consider all the likely variations to which it will be

suggested and push the systems to limits.

The testing process focuses on the logical intervals of the software ensuring that all

statements have been tested and on functional interval is conducting tests to uncover errors

and ensure that defined input will produce actual results that agree with the required results.

Program level testing, modules level testing integrated and carried out.

There are two major type of testing they are

y White Box Testing.y Black Box Testing.

White Box Testing

White box sometimes called Glass box testing is a test case design uses the control

structure of the procedural design to drive test case.

Using white box testing methods, the following tests were made on the system

y All independent paths within a module have been exercised once. In our system,ensuring that case was selected and executed checked all case structures. The bugs

that were prevailing in some part of the code where fixed

y All logical decisions were checked for the truth and falsity of the values.Black box Testing

Black box testing focuses on the functional requirements of the software. This is black box

testing enables the software engineering to derive a set of input conditions that will fully

exercise all functional requirements for a program. Black box testing is not an alternative to

white box testing rather it is complementary approach that is likely to uncover a different

class of errors that white box methods like..


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y Interface errorsy Performance in data structurey Performance errorsy Initializing and termination errors

8. Implementation Phase

The system or system modifications are installed and made operational in a production

environment. The phase is initiated after the system has been tested and accepted by the .

This phase continues until the system is operating in production in accordance with the

defined user requirements.

End user Training:

The successful implementation of the new system will purely upon the involvement of the

officers working in that department. The officers will be imparted the necessary training on

the new technology

End User Education:

The education of the end user start after the implementation and testing is over. When the

system is found to be more difficult to understand and complex, more effort is put to educate

the end used to make them aware of the system, giving them lectures about the new system

and providing them necessary documents and materials about how the system can do this.

9. Operations and Maintenance Phase

The system operation is ongoing. The system is monitored for continued performance in

accordance with user requirements, and needed system modifications are incorporated. The

operational system is periodically assessed through In-Process Reviews to determine how the

system can be made more efficient and effective. Operations continue as long as the system

can be effectively adapted to respond to an organizations needs. When modifications or

changes are identified as necessary, the system may reenter the planning phase.


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SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS

HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS

Processor : Intel Pentium IV 2.4 GHZ or above

Clock speed : 500 MHZ

System bus : 32 bits

RAM : 256MB of RAM

HDD : 40 GB or higher

Monitor : SVGA COLOR

Keyboard : 108Keys

Mouse : 2 button mouse

SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS

OS : All MSWindows

Environment : .Net Framework v3.5

Front end : C#

Back end : Microsoft Access 2007


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Tables Used

Security

Field Name Data Type Description

Username Text(10) Primary Key

Password Text(10) -

Student Record


Clinic_No Number Primary Key

Surname Text(15) -

Firstname Text(15) -

Middlename Text(15) -

Sex Text(1) -

Phone Text(10) -

Email Text(30) -

Next_of_kin Text(15) -

Next_of_kin(phone) Number -

Roll_no Number Primary Key

D_O_B Date -

Blood_group Text(2) -

Eye_sight Text(3) -

course Text(10) -


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Student Visit



Surname Text(15) -



Sex Text(1) -

Roll_no Number Primary Key

Date_of_visit Date -

Date_of_discharge Date -

Symptoms Text(50) -

Disease Text(50) -

Treatment Text(50) -

Doctor Text(20) -

Staff Record



Surname Text(15) -



Sex Text(1) -

Phone Text(10) -

Email Text(30) -

Next_of_kin Text(15) -

Next_of_kin(phone) Number -


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Staff_id Number Primary Key

D_O_B Date -

Blood_group Text(2) -

Eye_sight Text(3) -

Teach Text(10) -

Staff Visit



Surname Text(15) -



Sex Text(1) -


Date_of_visit Date -

Date_of_discharge Date -

Symptoms Text(50) -

Disease Text(50) -

Treatment Text(50) -

Doctor Text(20) -

Clinic Staff



Surname Text(15) -


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Sex Text(1) -

Phone Text(10) -

Email Text(30) -

Job Text(15) -


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UNIVERSIT HE LTH CARE

Connecting MS Access database in C#

y Create Access database (e.g. ptuhc)


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y Now open you notepad and click on ave As button. Name then ptuhc.udl. Changeave as type by "All Files".


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y Now double click on ptuhc.udl file. A wi ard will startlike this:


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y Click rovider TAB, selectMicrosoft Jet 4.0 OLE DB (denoted by black arrow) thenclick next. Now click"Select or enter a database name" and selectthe desire database

then click open.


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y Now click on test connection and click OKy Now editthis UDL file with note pad and copy link as shown below

Copy the selected line from the Notepad and paste this in your main program coding where

you wanted the database to be used.


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Creating Crystal Reports

Crystal Reports is a business intelligence application used to design and generate reports

from a wide range of data sources. Several other applications, such as Microsoft Visual

Studio, bundle an OEM version of Crystal Reports as a general purpose reporting tool.

Crystal Reports became the de facto standard report writer when Microsoft released it with

Visual Studio.

History

The product was originally created by Crystal Services Inc. as Quik Reports when they

couldn't find a suitable commercial report writer for their accounting software. After

producing versions 1.0 through 3.0, the company was acquired in 1994 by Seagate

Technology. Crystal Services was combined with Holistic Systems to form the InformationManagement Group of Seagate Software, which later rebranded as Crystal Decisions, and

produced versions 4.0 through 9.0. Crystal Decisions was acquired in December 2003 by

Business Objects, which has so far produced versions 10, 11 (XI) and the current version 12

(2008). Business Objects was acquired by SAP on October 8, 2007.

Features

Report designerCrystal Reports allows users to graphically design data connections and report layout. In the

Database Expert, users can select and link tables from a wide variety of data sources,

including Microsoft Excel spreadsheets, Oracle databases, Business Objects Enterprise

business views, and local file system information. Fields from these tables can be placed on

the report design surface, and can also be used in custom formulas, using either BASIC or

Crystal's own syntax, which are then placed on the design surface. Formulas can be evaluated

at several phases during report generation as specified by the developer.

Both fields and formulae have a wide array of formatting options available, which can be

applied absolutely or conditionally. The data can be grouped into bands, each of which can be

split further and conditionally suppressed as needed. Crystal Reports also supports

subreports, graphing, and a limited amount ofGIS functionality.

Supported data sources

Accessible data sources include the following:

y Databases such as PostgreSQL, Sybase, IBM DB2, Ingres, Microsoft Access,Microsoft SQL Server, MySQL, Interbase and Oracle

y Btrieve


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y Spreadsheets such as Microsoft Excely Text filesy HTML XML filesy Groupware applications as Lotus Notes, Microsoft Exchange and NovellGroup isey SA :BW, Info Sets, Tables, and Business Objects Universesy Any other data source accessible through a web service, ODBC, JDBC or OLA .

Development

CrystalReports comes integrated with VisualStudio. CrystalReports allows Java developers

to build applications with CrystalReports components.


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Then your report creation is done by the .NET IDE. If you wantto make any changes to thereport, you can do so by using the .NET IDE.

Set the Created Report to Display in the Form

Then you have to set a crystalReportViewer in your form to load the reportthat you created

earlier.


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Selection Screen

Button Clicked: Student Record


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When Add button is clicked on student record following interface will getdisplay.

When OK button is clicked message box appear as:


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After adding data, interface will get appear as following:

Search Surname button is clicked. Selected record will get display using yellow colour.


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Delete button:Record to be deleted is selected and then delete button is clicked, interface

will appear as follow; when OK button is clicked data get deleted.

Report Button: Crystal report will be generated, displaying the following format. This can

be printed using the print button provided in the menu bar.

.


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When Add button is clicked on student record following interface will get display.

When OK button is clicked message will appear as:


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After adding data, interface will get appear as follow:




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Button Clicked: Clinic Staff Record


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When Add button is clicked on student record following interface will get display.


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Button Clicked: Security


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Button Clicked: About

Button Clicked: E it


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CONCLUSION

Our project is only a humble venture to satisfy the needs in an Institution. Several

user friendly coding have also adopted. This package shall prove to be a powerful

package in satisfying all the requirements of the organization.

The objective of software planning is to provide a frame work that enables the

manger to make reasonable estimates made within a limited time frame at the beginning

of the software project and should be updated regularly as the project progresses. Last but

not least it is no the work that played the ways to success but ALMIGHTY


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BIBLIOGRAPHY

Books

1. A Practical Introduction to .Net Framework,Narosa Publishing House, 2007 2. Dan W., Introduction To C#, Pearson Education, 2007

Websites

1. Wikipedia2. Msdn3. Dotnetspider

university health care

Documents