university as the centre for innovation and entrepreneurs dr shailendra vyakarnam y.myint
TRANSCRIPT
University as the Centre for Innovation and Entrepreneurs
Dr Shailendra Vyakarnam
Y.Myint
0
20
40
60
80
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120
1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001
Solid = GC 000s Dashed=UK m
0
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4
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12
UK GDP 1.9%pa UK GDP 2.7%pa UK GDP 2.2%pa
The growth of workplace jobs in the Knowledge-based sector in Greater Cambridge (000s) and UK
(m), 1971-2001
Source: ABI, LFS, PACEC
Preconditions
• 1950s – City planning• University – liberal policy on ownership of
Intellectual Property• Long tradition of research – continues• People both “Pushed and Pulled” to start ventures• Early days no support• Gradually – Trinity College Science Park, Banks,
Technology transfer office, lawyers, arrival of venture capital, business angel groups
Principal Components that Caused and Shaped Cambridge Phenomenon after 1960s
Cambridge University
1960
1970
MRC Laboratory
of Molecular Biology
CADCentre
Sinclair Radionics
CCL
Barclays Bank
1980
Cambridge Interactive
System
Cambridge Science Park
Acorn
PA Technology
Eicon Research
Ltd
Sinclair Research Ltd
1990
Analysys
Olivetti Research Laboratory
(acquired by AT&T in 1999) Judge Institute of
Management Studies
St. John Innovation
Centre
Scientific Generics
The Technology Partnership
TTP
Cambridge Research and Innovation Ltd (CRIL)
Institute of Biotechnolog
y
Cantab Pharmaceuticals
Hitachi Cambridge Laboratory
Nickerson Biotech
Laboratory
Glaxo
2000
Toshiba Cambridge Research
Laboratory
Seiko Epson Research
Lab
Unilever Cambridge Centre for Molecular
InformaticsCambridge
Network
Institute of Manufacturing
Amadeus Capital Partners
TTP Ventures
Entropic Research Laboratory (acquired by Microsoft in 1999)
Glaxo Institute of Applied
Pharmacology
BP
Draft version (Jan 2004) – not to be used or copied without permissionCopyright – Y.M.Myint - [email protected], Dr. Shailendra Vyakarnam - [email protected]
Until 1985
1986-1990
1991-1995
1996-2000
2001-2002
Cambridge University
AcornHermann Hauser
Acquired by Olivetti
Olivetti Research Lab
Andy Hopper
Adaptive Broadband
Cambridge BroadbandAcquired by American Microwave
Acquired by Western Multiplex Corp
Andy HopperPeter Warton
IPV (Telemedia Systems)
Andy Hopper
Virata(ATML)
Hermann HauserAndy Hopper
Merged with Globespan
Acquired by AT &T
RealVNCVirtual Network
Computing Level5NetworkAndy Hopper
ANTAlex Van SomerenNiko
nCipher
Alex Van Someren
NetchannelHermann HauserJack Lang
Acquired by NTL
ARMRobin Saxby
Element 14Stan Boland
Acquired by Broadcom
Amadeus Capital Partners Hermann Hauser
IQ BioHermann Hauser, Chris Keightley
Part of DAKO Diagnostics
DakoCytomation - Merged with
Cytomation Inc
CDT
Richard Friend
Richard Friend Plastic Logic
Analysys
Dr. David Cleevely
Cambridge Network
Dr. David Cleevely Hermann HauserSir. Alec Broers
Cambridge 3G
Dr. David Cleevely Virtual Business Network
Dr. David Cleevely Dr. Simon Elloit
CPSPeter Duffett-Smith
Teraview
Michael PepperDon Arnone
Polight Technologies
Prof Stephen ElloittDr. Pavel Krecmer
ART
Daniel Hall
Pilgrim BeartActiveRF
Pilgrim Beart
Antenova
Zeus Technology
Adam TwissDavid Reeves
Cambridge Semiconductor
Prof Gehan Amaratunga
Dr. Florin Udrea
MuscatJohn SnyderDr. Martin Porter Enterprise
AcceleratorJohn Snyder
John SnyderWebtop
Library House
SmartlogikAcquired by Dialog
Small World
Richard GreenAuthur Chance
CAD
Shape Data
Charles Lang
Acquired by GE
TensailsRichard Green
VBN online
TerraPrise
Ubisense
Andy HopperSteve Pope
Andy HopperAndy WardPete Steggles
Simon Elloit
Electronic Share Information
Acquired by E* Trade
Hermann HauserJack Lang
Top express
Jack Lang
Splashpower
Lily ChangJames Hay
Saviso Group
Adam TwissBryan Amesbury
Innovia
Collin AgerGarraint Davies
Cambridge Interactive Systems
Yin M. Myint, Shailendra Vyakarnam
CCL 1960
Until 1985
1986-1990
1991-1995
1996-2000
2001-2002
PA1970
Dr. Gordon
Edge
Dr. Collin Smithers
Plextek
Scientific Generics
Dr. Gordon
Edge, Bob Pettigrew
Pivotal Resources
Absolute Sensors
Sensopad Technologies
ImergeSphere Medical
3D Molecular Sciences
IonicaQuantumBEAM
Gordon Edge, Bob Pettigrew, Alan Green
Adaptive ScreeningFlying Null
Diomed Tony Raven
Sentec
Ubinetics
Andrew DamesAndrew Dames
Acquired by Synaptics
Smartbead Technologies
PolatisHolotag
Caroline Garey
Andrew Dames
PreludeDr. Robert Hook
Xaar
David PatonMike WillisSteve Temple
Mike Willis
Aphamosaic
Cambridge Silicon Radio
Cyan Technology
Pelikon
Roundpoint
INCA Digital Printers
ELMJET
Domino
DCS Cambridge Mass
Spectrometry
Bill BaxterWill EvePaul AnsonMike Payne
Graham MartinColin GrayWill Eve
Acquired by Videojet
Technologies
Graeme MintoDavid Paton
Xennia Technologies
Alan Hudd
Transversal
David YipDavid McKay
Barrie GriffithsSteve Mullock Kore
Technology
Yuno Ltd
Steve BarlowRobert Swann
Phil O’ DonovanJames CollierGlenn Collinson
Dr. Chris Davies
Acquired by Elumin founded by Dr. Hans Wagner
David Bending
Symbionics
Ali Pourtaheri
Dennis Fielder
Acquired by Cadence
Tality
Fen Technology
TTPGordon Edge
Tim EiloartGerald Avison
Adrian Lucas
Mark HowardRichard Doyle
Dr. Stuart HendryDr. Gavin Troughton
Dr. Elizabeth HillDr. Mark Tracy
Nigel Playford
WavedriverAcquired by PowerGen
TTP Ventures
TTP LabTechCreativity
Partnership
Acumen Bioscience
ip.access
Myriad
Acquired by Mettler-Toledo
Automation Partnership
Demerged from TTP Group
TTPCom
Yin M. Myint, Shailendra Vyakarnam
Chris FryerChris Barnardo
Mike Stroey
Cambridge Physical Sciences
Roger Millar
Signal Process Ltd
Dr. Robin Smith-Saville
VividStephen Eason
Acquired by Vetura
Radiant Networks
Dr. Mike Crossfield
TonyMillbourn
Tim Eiloart
Ross Green, Mike Kellaway
Richard Archer
John Cassells
Richard PhilpottJohn Cassells
David Cornell
Anne Miller
Yin M. Myint, Shailendra Vyakarnam
Until 1985
1986-1990
1991-1995
1996-2000
2001-2002
AGC 1984
Alan Goodman (FD)
ATM
Alan Goodman
Salix pharmaceutical
Alan Goodman
Peptide TherapeuticsNow Acambis
Daniel RoachAlan Goodman
AmuraAlan
Goodman
Avlar BioVenturesAlan
GoodmanDaniel Roach
Oxford Bimedica
Alan Goodman
LINDCO
Alan Goodman
Alan Goodman
CORE
CeNes
Daniel RoachAlan
Goodman
ChiroscienceAlan
Goodman Chris Evans
EnzymatixChris Evans
Merged by Celltech
Group
Rapigene
ChiroTech
EnvirosChris Evans
Chris Evans Cerebrus
ToadChris Evans
Chris Evans
Chris Evans
Merlin Ventures
Celsis
Amedis pharmaceutical
Prof William BainsProf John Caldwell
Axis Genetcs Iain Cubitt
Iain CubittPestex Changed its name
to MicroBio Group
Acquired by Becker
Underwood
MRC LMB 1960s
Dr. Greg WinterDaivd Chiswell CAT
Dr. Greg Winter Diversys
RiboTargets
Simon Sturge
Celltech
Cambridge University
Martin Davies
BioRobotics
Cantab Pharmaceuticals
Alan Munro
Merged with Xenova
Group Ltd
Dr. Chris LoweJ. McCann
Cambridge Sensors
Affinity chromatography
Dr. Chris LoweDr. Ken Jones
Acquired by Prometic
Biosciences Inc
HolometricaDr. Roger Millington
AbcamJonathan Milner
AdproTechProf. Peter Lachmann
Biotica TechnologyProf. Peter LeadlayProf. Jim StauntonKudos
PharmaceuticalsProf. Stephen Jackson
HexagenMark Bodmer
Mark Bodmer Lorantis
Acquired by Incyte
Sense Proteomics
Dr. Jonathan Blackburn
De NovoDr. Philip DeanDr. David Bailey
Paradigm Therapeutics
Dr. Mark Carlton
Metris Therapeutics
Prof. Stephen SmithDr. Steve Charnock-Jones
Smart Holograms
Dr. Chris Lowe
Purely Proteins
Dr. Chris LoweDr. David Bailey
DaniolabsPaul Goldsmith
Akubio
Dr. Matthew CooperDr. David Klenerman
Dr. Tony Minson
Astex Technology
Prof. BlundellChris AbellHarren Jhoti
SolexaDr. Shankar Balasubramanian
Acorn Cluster
Some individuals involved in Acorn -1978
Sinclair Research
Sinclair Research
University of
Cambridge
University of
Cambridge
Barclays Bank
Barclays Bank
Acquired in 1985
ARM -1990ARM -1990
Virata (ATML)- 1993Virata (ATML)- 1993
Orbis 1978Orbis 1978
Element 14 - 1999Element 14 - 1999
ANT-1990
ANT-1990
Amadeus Capital Partners
Amadeus Capital Partners
Electronic Share Information
Electronic Share Information
St John’s Innovation Centre -
St John’s Innovation Centre -
Norwich and Peterborough Building SocietyNorwich and Peterborough Building Society
Level 5 Network -2002Level 5 Network -2002
Ubisense2002
Ubisense2002
Olivetti, acquired by AT&T in 1999
Olivetti, acquired by AT&T in 1999
Real VNC2002
Real VNC2002
Source of Technology
Movement of individuals from one organization to another
Robin Saxby &Engineers from
Acorn
Hermann Hauser
Andy Hopper
Mike Muller
TudorBrown
PeterWynn
Alex Van Someren
Sophie Wilson
Chris Curry
Stan Boland
Steve Furber
Start-ups
Walter Herriot
Matthew Bullock
Jack Lang
Charles Cotton
Anne Glover
Andy WardRupert Curwen,Paul Webster,Pete Steggles
Steve PopeDerek RobertsDavid Riddoch
Andy HarterTristan RichardsonJames Weatherall
Source Cambridge London Rosa & Scott
% companies with at least one director with multiple appointments 97 94 40
% companies associated with over 10 other companies 90 77 20
% directors with 2-5 directorships 42 42 41
% directors with >5 directorships 29 37 22
Average no. directors per company 5.6 4.3 1.8
Average no. directorships per director 5.5 6.8 5.6
Hermann Hauser Graham
O'Keeffe
Richard Youell
Andrew Dames
Ray Anderson
Andy Hopper
Mike Muller
Duncan Stewart
Chris Wade
David Cleevely
Gerald Avison
Stephen Ives
Richard Friend
Bob Pettigrew
Peter Wynn
Alex Van Someren
Robert Hook
Robin Saxby
Jamie Urquhart
Laurence Garrett
Pilgrim Beart
Jack Lang
Phil O'Donovan
Robert Swann
Stephen Elliott
John Paul Auton
Gordon Edge
Dr. Peter J. Duffett-Smith
Nigel Berry
Charles Cotton
Simon Segars
Sir Alec Broers
Michael Ledzion
Richard King
Structural and relational social capital in the hi-tech cluster
4 links & above
3 links
2 links
1 link
Structural and relational social capital in the bio-tech cluster
Bill Matthews
Chris Abell
Dr Chris Keightley
Timothy Rink
John Padfield
Stephen Bunting
Andy Richards
Alan Goodman
David Bailey
Derek Jones
Mark Cathy
Alan Munro
Chris Lowe
Mark Bodmer
Daniel Roach
Chris Evans
David Needham
Alan Smith
David Gough
Hermann Hauser
Bob Pettigrew
Ann Hayes
Philip Dean
Peter Keen
David Klenerman
John Berriman
3 links
2 links
1 link
Conclusions
• Huge amount of social and human capital
available
• Willingness to give back and share
• Entrepreneurs play multiple roles
• Source of inspiration, information and
implementation