UNIVERSAL CELL PHONE SOUND AMPLIFIER

DAY 1Introduction to Sound and the Universal Cell

Phone Sound Amplifier Design Challenge

OVERVIEW/GOALS

• Pre-Test

• Discussion of Pre-Test

• Tuning Fork Inquiry

• Design Challenge Overview

• Homework: Design Challenge Questions

PRE-TEST

Set timer for 15 minutes:http://www.online-stopwatch.com/eggtimer-countdown/full-screen/

PRE-TEST DISCUSSION

1. What information was familiar to you on the Pre-Test?

2. What information was completely unknown to you

on the Pre-Test?

3. What interests you about this unit?

TUNING FORK INQUIRY

How does the medium a sound travels through affect how the sound behaves?

http://kevinsheehanphysics-sheehanphysics.blogspot.com/

UNIVERSAL CELL PHONE

SOUND AMPLIFIER

Design Challenge

pineApple Inc.

• This company works directly with the Disaster Relief Association (DRA) to assist with community revival throughout the United States.

• Your job is to help them assist others after the recent U.S. catastrophe. DRA needs to make important announcements to the affected people and needs an easy way to amplify these messages.

This is where you come in…

DESIGN CHALLENGE OVERVIEW The sound amplification team from pineApple Inc. has hired your

team to design a portable, energy-free, universal sound amplification device. This device can be used in place of any battery-powered or electrical speaker system. Consider the best materials and geometric structural design to produce the loudest and highest quality sound as possible. In order to properly complete the design challenge, teams will need to first research the history of sound amplifiers, understand the behavior of sound waves with respect to various materials, and explore the differences between geometric solids. Each team will choose a design using a decision analysis matrix, create a detailed sketch of the final design, and build the prototype. Your team will evaluate the device’s ability to amplify sound with all constraints in consideration. Each team will prepare a commercial or brochure to promote the design and justify the decision making process.

HOMEWORK DESIGN CHALLENGE QUESTIONS

Directions:

• Carefully reread the design challenge overview.

• Create 5 questions you have about the challenge and record them below.

http://ncfp.wordpress.com/2013/03/11/has-the-forest-service-done-its-homework/

DAY 2Team Code of Conduct & Exploration of Roles and Sound Wave Characteristics

OVERVIEW/GOALS

• All About Sound

• History and Types of Loudspeakers

• Code of Conduct and Team Roles

ALL ABOUT SOUND

http://www.linux-mag.com/id/8253/

VIDEO CLIP: TRANSMISSION OF SOUND WAVES

Sound travels in compressional waves

and is produced by vibrations. This video will show how sound

can travel through various materials, as well as some of the characteristics of

sound waves.

• Answer the Pre-Viewing Questions

• Pay close attention and complete the Video Guide

• Please be prepared to share your answers when the video clip is over!

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GkNJvZINSEY

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GkNJvZINSEY

LEARNING THE LINGO

Sphere

Compressional Waves

Mechanical Waves

Medium

Reflection

Interference

Diffraction

Refraction

Cylinder

Sound Waves

Volume

Pyramid

Cone

Amplification

It is important you can speak the MATH and SCIENCE language. Use the word bank to complete the vocabulary sentences. Each

term is used once. It's okay to guess!

LEARNING THE LINGO

1. Sound Waves: a compressional wave that propagates sound

2. Mechanical Waves: waves that can travel only through matter

3. Medium: the matter that sound waves travel through, can be a solid, liquid, gas, or combination of the two

4. Compressional Waves: matter in the medium moves back and forth along the same direction that the wave travels

5. Reflection: a wave behavior that results when a wave strikes a surface and bounces off

6. Refraction: a wave behavior that results when a wave bends and changes in speed as it moves from one medium into another

7. Diffraction: a wave behavior that results when an object causes a wave to change direction and bend around it

Check your answers and make any corrections you need!

LEARNING THE LINGO

8. Interference: results when two or more waves overlap and

combine to form a new wave

9. Amplification: a measure of loudness or sound intensity

10. Volume: the number of non-overlapping unit cubes of a given

size that will exactly fill the interior of a three-dimensional figure

11. Cylinder: a three-dimensional figure with two parallel congruent

circular bases and a curved lateral surface that connects the bases

12. Pyramid: a polyhedron formed by a polygonal base and

triangular lateral faces that meet at a common vertex

13. Cone: a three-dimensional figure with a circular base and a curved

lateral surface that connects the base to a point called the vertex

14. Sphere: the set of points in space that are a fixed distance from a given

point called the center of the sphere

Check your answers and make any corrections you need!

• Sound waves are mechanical waves. o Mechanical waves

require a medium.o Sound waves cannot

travel in a vacuum.

• Sound waves travel outwards equally in all directions.

SOUND WAVE CHARACTERISTICS

http://lasermom.wordpress.com/2012/01/08/crying/

http://www.physicsclassroom.com/Class/sound/u11l1a.cfm

SOUND WAVE CHARACTERISTICS

• Compression: the dense region of a wave; particles are pushed together

• Rarefaction: the spread apart region of a wave; particles are spread apart

• Wavelength: distance from compression to compression, or rarefaction to rarefaction

https://intranet.rave.ac.uk/display/FComm/Acoustics

Vibrations produced from a sourcecarry energy. This energy causesair particles to compress outwardfrom the source. When the waves reach our ears, we can hear the

sounds produced.

SOUND WAVE CHARACTERISTICS

• Amplitude: measures the amount of energy carried by a sound wave

• Amplification: a measure of loudness or sound intensity

http://www.passmyexams.co.uk/GCSE/physics/basic-waves-theory.html

http://www.pimall.com/nais/e.sound.html

• Dense compressions• Clear rarefactions

• Example: Yelling

• Spaced out compressions

• Unclear rarefactions

• Example: Whispering

http://specialedpost.com/2013/05/27/why-adhd-rates-vary-from-country-to-country/shouting/

http://jameystegmaier.com/2012/01/best-of-the-blog-2011/whispering-2/

HIGH AMPLITUDE LOW AMPLITUDE

SOUND WAVE CHARACTERISTICS

• occurs when a wave strikes a surface and bounces off

• occurs when a wave bends from one material into another and changes speed

REFLECTION REFRACTION

WAVE BEHAVIORS

http://openclipart.org/tags/sound?page=6

http://hendrix2.uoregon.edu/~imamura/102/section4/chapter20.html

• occurs when a wave changes direction to bend around a barrier

• occurs when two or more waves combine and form a new wave

DIFFRACTION INTERFERENCE

WAVE BEHAVIORS

http://physicshelp.co.uk/diffraction.php http://library.thinkquest.org/19537/Physics5.html

HISTORY AND TYPES OF LOUDSPEAKERS

• http://www.edisontechcenter.org/speakers.html

(Scroll down the page to show video clip:

First Hornless Loudspeaker: 1921 Prototype)

CODE OF CONDUCT AND TEAM ROLES

All team members must contribute and cooperate with one another in order to successfully complete your

design challenge.

You will each choose a team role with designated responsibilities.

Your team will create a code of conduct to help you stay on track.

CODE OF CONDUCT AND TEAM ROLES• Communication Representative: Leads conversation and keeps

team on task

• Recording Specialist: Records notes and keeps data information for the team.

• Construction Manager: In charge of making sure all of the materials are provided and brought in to class on designated day and keeps team on building schedule.

• Design Manager: The matrix organizer leader and during the building process they will be in charge

Decide among your team members who will assume each of the above roles. List your names on the handout provided.

Using the suggested words, compose your team Code of Conduct, determine a team consequence should someone

step out, and have all group members sign their John Hancock at the bottom!

DAY 3In-Class Museum - Volume of Solids

& Further Explanation of Design Challenge

OVERVIEW/GOALS

• In-Class Museum - Volume of Solids

• Review of Sound Waves Activity

• Quick Review of Design Challenge

• Homework: In-Class Museum Follow-up

IN-CLASS MUSEUM - VOLUME OF SOLIDS

• You will rotate the stations of this museum with your team members

• Each person fills out their own paper

• Use one person's phone to look up the correct formulas

• Show your work or explain how you arrived at each answer

REVIEW OF SOUND WAVES

Five minutes:

See how many you can fill in! Do not guess

answers.Okay, five more minutes:

You may now use your resources to locate and fill

in the answers.

QUICK REVIEW OF DESIGN CHALLENGE

All of your design challenge questions have been compiled. Lets consider what you have learned

since then and clarify the design challenge expectations.

Here are the TOP 5 sought after questions

AND answers!

QUICK REVIEW OF DESIGN CHALLENGE

QUESTION #1 ANSWER

QUICK REVIEW OF DESIGN CHALLENGE

QUESTION #2 ANSWER

QUICK REVIEW OF DESIGN CHALLENGE

QUESTION #3 ANSWER

QUICK REVIEW OF DESIGN CHALLENGE

QUESTION #4 ANSWER

QUICK REVIEW OF DESIGN CHALLENGE

QUESTION #5 ANSWER

EXPLORATION OF MATERIALS

• Answer the Pre-lab questions• Review the procedure• Experiment with cup phones made of various

materials• Write your observations• Discuss ideas regarding materials to be used in

the design challenge

HOMEWORKIN-CLASS MUSEUM FOLLOW-UP

Directions:• Now that you have

seen the correct formulas and the values for those variables, use a pen to correct your original work.

• I want to see work in both pencil and pen, to see the corrections and effort you put forth.

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DAY 4Understanding Sound Wave Characteristics and Volume of Geometric Solids and Brainstorming

OVERVIEW/GOALS

• Exploration of Materials Lab

• Post-it Brainstorm

• Individual Sketching

• Presentation of Sketches to Team

• Selection of Top 3 Designs

POST-IT NOTE BRAINSTORMING

1. Take 3 minutes to individually write down as many ideas as you can.

o Only one idea per post-it noteo The ideas can be single words, pictures, or thought

out designs

http://www.promotional-product-solutions.com/Post-IT.html

http://prettyspoiled.com/2013/06/05/ea-shell-beauty-look/

http://www.nasa.gov/centers/langley/news/factsheets/21stcentury.html

http://trisaetum.com/about/winery/barrel-cave/

http://www.officialpsds.com/Old-School-Record-Player-PSD28399.html

http://www.actsofnature.com/photogallery/photo/241/

http://science.howstuffworks.com/transport/engines-equipment/steam.htm

http://skeepers.blogspot.com/2011/01/cool-buildings.html

http://www.jon-atkinson.com/Canada_Wildlife.html

http://www.myhero.com/go/hero.asp?hero=Rembrandt_06, http://cheerleading.lovetoknow.com/Cheer_Megaphone, http://www.artboxbz.com/shop/category.aspx?catid=48, https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Municipal_Theater_of_Girona_Interiors.jpg, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Sydney_Opera_House_Sails.jpg, http://joebrowns.blogspot.com/2012/02/cool-places-to-visit-around-world.html, http://www.cockburn.leeds.sch.uk/stump-cross-caverns-and-coldstones-cut-visit

POST-IT NOTE BRAINSTORMING

2. Now, one at a time share what is on one of the post-its in your stack.

o Put these in the middle to make a big group pile

3. When someone adds a post-it idea to the team stack, everyone else in the group needs to write down a new idea and add it to their individual stack to share later.

4. Do this for 7 minutes or until you run out of ideas.

INDIVIDUAL SKETCHING

Inspired?

• Take 10 minutes on your own to sketch 3 or more conceptual drawings of a universal cell phone sound amplifier

• You will be sharing these with your team members, so please do not discuss during the time given for your individual sketching

PRESENTATION OF SKETCHES TO TEAM

• Each team member presents one sketch at a time to the team

• Rotate around the group until each person has shared all 3 sketches

• Explain your sketch and ensure that everyone understands the purpose and function of your design

• Ask questions of one another’s designs and point out key functions, outstanding pieces, or critical components

SELECTION OF TOP 3 DESIGNS

• As a team, narrow down to three sketches total

• Think about how “best features” can incorporated into the top three designs, even if they are from designs that were not selected

• Be positive as you critique each sketch and eliminate some designs

DAY 5Decision Analysis and Selecting of

Team Prototype Design

OVERVIEW/GOALS

• Entrance Slip

• Decision Analysis Matrix and Design Selection

• Organize Materials List for Building

• Homework: Gather Materials for Construction

ENTRANCE SLIP

Complete the 5 questions on the half-slip of paper,

make sure your name is on it & turn it in when

finished!

REMEMBER… YOU WORK FOR PINEAPPLE INC.

• This company works directly with the Disaster Relief Association (DRA) to assist with community revival throughout the United States.

• Your job is to help them assist others after the recent U.S. catastrophe. DRA needs to make important announcements to the affected people and needs an easy way to amplify these messages.

• Keep this in mind when you are pitching your device to the class and detail how the aspects of your design help the cause.

CHALLENGE GOALS: OBJECTIVES & CONSTRAINTS

Objectives: Constraints:

- inexpensive -no glass components

- portable -no electrical components

- user-friendly -no batteries

- universal - less than $15- aesthetically pleasing - the overall volume

cannot be more than 10

times the volume of the

electronic device

*each team should write an additional Objective or Constraint on their Decision Analysis Matrix

DECISION ANALYSIS MATRIX INTRODUCTION

• The Decision Analysis Matrix is a tool used by engineers to solve problems.

• It is a chart that contains the goals that you want your project to fulfill. o These goals will be based off of your list of objectives

and constraints

• You will be given one Decision Analysis Matrix sheet per group

DECISION ANALYSIS MATRIX DIRECTIONS

1. Give each of the goals a weight from a scale of 1-10; with 10 being the most important and 1 the least important.

2. Then use a numerical system to score each designo 3 would be the design that totally meets the goalo 2 would be the design that somewhat meets the goalo 1 would be the design that doesn't meet the goal

3. Then multiply the weight and score to create a value for each design.

4. The values are then added together to form a total.

5. The design that scores the highest would be considered the "best".

MATERIALS LIST

As a team, create a list of materials needed to construct your prototype.

Each team member will be responsible for bringing the materials which he or she commits to contribute.

You may want to ask some team members to duplicate materials to ensure you'll have everything you need.

HOMEWORKGATHER MATERIALS

Record the list of materials you are responsible for and gather them over the weekend.

You will be building next class period!

http://ncfp.wordpress.com/2013/03/11/has-the-forest-service-done-its-homework/

DAY 6Final Prototype Design and Construction!

OVERVIEW/GOALS

• Final Sketch of Prototype Design

• Construction of Prototype

FINAL SKETCH OF PROTOTYPE

• Complete on graph paper or blank paper

• Include Team Number and Design Title

• Include all details of prototype – multiple viewpoints may be needed

• Draw sketches and only use text to label

http://sketch.name/shop/sketchpads/browserpaper/

CONSTRUCTING THE PROTOTYPE

• Keep your Team Roles and Code of Conduct in mind as you construct.

• Employ proper safety measures while you build.

• Follow your final design and make adjustments as needed!

http://www.gsacpas.com/industries/construction-real-estate.cfm

DAYS 7 & 8Prototype Construction, Testing & Redesign

OVERVIEW/GOALS

• Teams work at their own pace to complete listed tasks: • Team Proposal

• Construction of Prototype

• Testing of Prototype

• Data Analysis

• Redesign and Reflection

• Homework Day 7: Prepare for Final Work Session

• Homework Day 8: Redesign and Reflection

EXPLANATION OF TEAM PROPOSAL

• Create a poster or multimedia presentation (PowerPoint or Prezi)

• Include a sketch of your final design, selling points, the Design Analysis Matrix, and a sketch or explanation of the team’s redesign

• Include your team’s chosen objectives or constraints

CONSTRUCTION & TESTING OF PROTOTYPE

• Team time to construct your prototype

• Students will test prototypes upon completion of construction o Using the decibel 10th app on the iPhone o In the hallway/In a silent classroom o The test will use a specific music playing device and

have a set volume that will be consistent for all teamso Test your device three times and record the values into

the data sheet, then find the average value

DATA ANALYSIS

Items to record on your data table:• Sound intensity in decibels

• Dimensions of the prototype and dimensions of the device

• Ratio of the volume of the device to the volume of the prototype

REDESIGN DISCUSSION

REdesign?!?! What??? Why would we do that? Our product worked!

Well...how could you have made it even better?

If your prototype wasn't effective, team discussions and individual reflections

are vital to improvement!

COMPLETE PROPOSAL

• As a team, decide what format(s) you would like to use to report your findings and conclusion

• Next, create a poster or multimedia presentation (PowerPoint or Prezi)• Include a sketch of your final design, selling points, the

Design Analysis Matrix, and a sketch or explanation of the team’s redesign

• Include your team’s chosen objectives or constraints

HOMEWORKDAY 7PREPARE FOR FINAL WORK TIME

Tomorrow is the last class period given to build, test, analyze data, and redesign.

Plan out how your team will accomplish all of these tasks during class.

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HOMEWORKDAY 8REDESIGN

After talking briefly with your team, you should have some ideas...and hopefully you'll generate some of your own.

Think about what you could have done in advance or retroactively to improve your design. Sketch and write an explanation for your ideas.

http://ncfp.wordpress.com/2013/03/11/has-the-forest-service-done-its-homework/

DAY 9Team Presentations

OVERVIEW/GOALS

• Team Presentations of Proposals

http://www.publicspeakinginternational.com/team-presentation-training/

DAY 10Unit Conclusion

OVERVIEW/GOALS

• Post-Test

• Peer and Self Evaluations

POST-TEST

Set timer for 30 minuteshttp://www.online-stopwatch.com/large-stopwatch/

PEER AND SELF-EVALUATION

• Please write your name and the name of your team members

• Be honest!

• Your answers are confidential

• Hand deliver to the teacher, do not pass to other students

CONGRATS! YOU FINISHED THE UNIT!