unitrol 1000 user s manual e3
TRANSCRIPT
We reserve all rights in this document and in the information contained therein. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties without express authority is strictly forbidden. Copyright 2002 ABB. All rights reserved.
Prep. Peter Moor 02-03-20 User’s Manual No. of p.
Appr. Sami Karttunen 02-03-20 UNITROL® 1000 77 Resp. dept. ATPE Document number Lang. Rev. ind. Page
ABB Switzerland Ltd 3BHS124245 E80 en - 1
UNITROL 1000 User’s Manual
Automatic Voltage Regulator Compact voltage regulator for synchronous machines up to 15 A exciter current
Revision Control: 3.xxx Panel: 3.xxx PCTools: 3.xxx
Document number Lang. Rev. ind. Page
ABB Switzerland Ltd 3BHS124245 E80 en - 2
Important Notice
Our experience has shown that, if the information and recommendations contained in this Operating Instructions are observed, the best possible reliability of our products is assured.
The data contained herein purports solely to describe the product and is not a warranty of performance or characteristics. It is with the best interests of our customers in mind that we constantly strive to improve our products and keep them abreast of advances in technology. This may, however, lead to discrepancies between a product and its "Technical Description" or " Operating Instructions".
This document has been carefully prepared and reviewed, however should in spite of this the reader find an error, he is requested to inform us at his earliest convenience.
It is scarcely possible for the operating instructions for technical equipment to cover every eventuality which can occur in practice. We would therefore request you to notify us or our agent in the case of all unusual behaviour, which does not appear to be covered by these operating instructions.
It is pointed out that all local regulations must be observed when connecting and commissioning this equipment in addition to these operating instructions.
We cannot accept any responsibility for damage incurred as a result of mishandling the equipment regardless of whether particular reference is made in these operating instructions or not.
We lay particular stress on the fact that only genuine spare parts should be used for replacements.
All rights with respect to this document, including applications for patent and registration of other industrial property rights, are reserved. Unauthorized use, in particular reproduction or making available to third parties, is prohibited.
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ABB Switzerland Ltd 3BHS124245 E80 en - 3
Contents 1 GENERAL INFORMATION......................................................................................5 1.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 5 1.2 Marking of sections of text........................................................................................................ 5 1.3 Manufacturer’s address ............................................................................................................ 5 1.4 Area of use ............................................................................................................................... 6 2 DEVICE DESCRIPTION...........................................................................................7 2.1 Hardware .................................................................................................................................. 7 2.1.1 Control elements and interfaces............................................................................................... 8 2.1.2 Overview of the device connections......................................................................................... 9 2.1.3 Device connections ................................................................................................................ 10 2.1.4 Digital inputs ........................................................................................................................... 13 2.1.5 Digital outputs ......................................................................................................................... 15 2.1.6 Analog inputs .......................................................................................................................... 17 2.1.7 Analog outputs........................................................................................................................ 18 2.2 Software.................................................................................................................................. 19 2.2.1 Operating modes .................................................................................................................... 19 2.2.2 Description of the parameters ................................................................................................ 22 3 INSTALLATION AND DISPOSAL..........................................................................29 3.1 Mechanical installation ........................................................................................................... 29 3.2 Earthing and wiring ................................................................................................................. 29 3.3 Disposal .................................................................................................................................. 29 4 OPERATION ..........................................................................................................31 4.1 Operation on the unit .............................................................................................................. 31 4.1.1 Keypad.................................................................................................................................... 31 4.1.2 Display .................................................................................................................................... 31 4.1.3 Example of parameter setting................................................................................................. 32 4.1.4 Menu structure of display ....................................................................................................... 33 4.1.5 Fault message on the display................................................................................................. 38 4.2 PC-Software ........................................................................................................................... 39 4.2.1 Operation using the software.................................................................................................. 40 4.2.2 Example of parameter setting using PCTools ........................................................................ 41 4.2.3 Menu structure of PCTools..................................................................................................... 42 4.2.4 Save parameter file ................................................................................................................ 53 4.2.5 Evaluation of the waveform .................................................................................................... 54 4.2.6 Error message ........................................................................................................................ 56 5 COMMISSIONING..................................................................................................57 5.1 Safety regulations ................................................................................................................... 57 5.2 Setting aids ............................................................................................................................. 58 5.3 Work carried out while machine is at a standstill.................................................................... 62 5.4 Work carried out while machine is running............................................................................. 62 6 MAINTENANCE AND FAULTS .............................................................................65 6.1 Maintenance ........................................................................................................................... 65 6.2 Trouble shooting ..................................................................................................................... 65 6.3 Repair ..................................................................................................................................... 68 7 APPENDIX .............................................................................................................69 7.1 General Data .......................................................................................................................... 69 7.2 Settings record for UNITROL 1000 ........................................................................................ 71 7.3 Parameter settings, default values ......................................................................................... 72
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1 GENERAL INFORMATION
1.1 Introduction UNITROL 1000 is an automatic voltage regulator of the latest design for synchronous generators and synchronous motors. The use of the most advanced microprocessor technology together with IGBT semiconductor technology (Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor) allows it to be used in a wide area of applications. A practical and simple-to-operate panel on the unit is used for all control operations. In addition, a user-friendly software facilitates commissioning and allows optimisation of operation. The unit complies with all relevant international standards. The mechanical construction is extremely compact and robust. This user`s manual provides the necessary information on installing, commissioning and operating the UNITROL 1000. It is aimed at trained operating personnel who possesses a good knowledge of electrical engineering and electronics.
1.2 Marking of sections of text
Dangerous voltages This symbol indicates that dangerous voltages occur during handling which can cause fatal or serious injury.
Caution “Caution“ indicates sections of text which contain information in which failure to comply
with regulations can lead to material damage or device failure. Note Sections of text marked with “Note“ provide additional information. This information must
be taken into account in order to avoid malfunctions.
1.3 Manufacturer’s address ABB Switzerland Ltd Excitation Systems Voltage Regulators and Synchronizing Equipment CH-5300 Turgi / Switzerland Telephone: +41 58 589 24 86 Fax: +41 58 589 23 33 Email: [email protected] Internet: http://www.abb.com/unitrol 24 h - Hotline for urgent service inquiries: +41 844 845 845
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1.4 Area of use This advanced-design automatic voltage regulator is used for the excitation of indirectly excited synchro-nous machines. The regulator can also be switched over to function as a reactive power-, power factor- or field current regulator. It is characterised by wide ranges for input voltage and operating frequency.
SM = Synchronous Machine E = Exciter PMG = Permanent-Magnet-Generator Shunt excitation with : - optional short circuit support - Synchronization unit - Change over to a redundant unit.
AbbBatt.
E
UNITROL 1000R
Abb UNITROL 1000R
Dual Channel
SM
Generator or motor excitation with PMG or external supply.
Abb
E
PMG
SM
UNITROL 1000R
Replacement of voltage regulators for generators or motors with direct-current excitation machines.
Abb
=SM
UNITROL 1000R
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2 DEVICE DESCRIPTION
2.1 Hardware
Dimensions in mm
Structure: The device is built into an aluminium casing with cooling flanges. The connection terminals are integrated into the front of the circuit boards, which are arranged on top of one another. Power electronics: The power part is fitted with an IGBT semiconductor. The average value of the output voltage is always positive. The output is current-limited and thus short-circuit-proof. Control elements: The operating keys, the display and the sub-D connector for the RS-232 interface are located on the unit cover. Installation: The site of installation must be dry and free of dust (IP20).
Rack mounting
142
Wall mounting
UNITROL 1000AbbR
Mounting: The UNITROL 1000 is designed for rack or wall mounting.
Connection diagram:
PWM
-
+
Mea
sure
men
tan
d co
ntro
lin
puts
~ / = =
Auxiliary supply UAUXL1 L2 L3 (+) (-)
AVR
Supplypower electronics
(+) L1(-) L2
L3
Digital in- and outputs
Analog in- and outputs
UNET
UM
IM2
UPWR
I e
UN1000
EE
for control electronics
RS-232RS-485
SM
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2.1.1 Control elements and interfaces
MAINMonitorMode = AutoConnected: 1
OK
ESC
Carrying out settings on the unit The four-line display and the four keys are sufficient to allow complete operation. All settings can be carried out directly on the unit without additional equipment: • Configuration of inputs and outputs
• Parameter setting
• Display of important measuring values.
UNITROL 1000Abb R
Interface with PC Parameter setting and also optimisation is possible using the user-friendly software PC tool for Microsoft Windows. Connection cable, sub-D, 9 pol (female)
• Configuration of inputs and outputs
• Parameter setting
• Trending function for optimisation of the controller (Oscilloscope, Power chart)
• Display of important measuring values • Parameter File upload or download.
Terminal block
32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 4342 44 45 46 47
+AI 1
-AI 1
+Vre
f
+AI 2
-AI 2
-Vre
f
DG
ND
+Vdi
g
DI 5
DI 6
+Vdi
g
DI 7
DI 8
DG
ND
16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 2726 28 29 30 31
+Vre
f
+AI 3
-AI 3
-Vre
f
AO 2
AGN
D
+Vdi
g
DIO
1
DIO
2
+Vdi
g
DIO
3M2S1 S2I
AO 1
DIO
4
1 2 3 4
ML1 L2
U4 5 6
NETL1 L3
U47 8 9
eI410 11 12
PWRL1(+) L2(-)
U413 14 15
UL3 NC + - L3 L1(+) L2(-) L3
AUX
50 51 52 53 54 55
- + -+
EIA-485
serial port
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2.1.2 Overview of the device connections
L1L2L3
L1
(NC)L3
S1S2
L1(+)L2 (-)
L3
+AI1-AI1
+Vref+AI2-AI2-Vref
+Vref+AI3-AI3-Vref
DGND+VdigDI5DI6
+VdigDI7DI8
DGND
1
2
3
4
5
6
16
17
10
11
12
33
34
35
36
37
38
18
19
20
21
22
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
7
32
39
UNET
IM2
UM
(+10V) +Vref
norm.
inv.
in, norm.+Vdig 26
DIO1 27
DIO2 28
+Vdig 29
DIO3 30
DIO4 31
AO1 23
AO2 24
AGND 25
L1(+) 13
L2(-) 14
L3 15
(-10V) -Vref(+24V) +Vdig
AGNDDGND
UAUX
50
51
52
53
54
55
-
+
+
-
EIA485
#
#
#
~
~
~
9-
8+Ie
PID
UPWR
UN1000
RS2329 pol
out, norm.
in, inv.out, inv.
DSP
AIN
AIN
DIN
AOUT
DOUT
DIN,
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2.1.3 Device connections
Terminal designation Signal Circuit
L1(+) = 13 L2(-) = 14 L3 = 15
Auxiliary supply UAUX - AC input voltage three-phase or - AC input voltage single-phase or - DC input voltage
3~9 to 250 V~ L1,L2,L3
1~50 to 250 V~ L1,L2
2=18 to 300 V= L1(+),L2(-)
ExternalUN1000
L1(+) = 10 L2(-) = 11 L3 = 12
Power electronics supply UPWR - AC input voltage three-phase, AC input voltage single-phase and excitation current < 10 A or - DC input voltage or - AC input voltage single-phase and excitation current >10 A Diode D: 20 A, 600 V Capacitor: C = 1000 µF, 600 V
3~0 to 250 V~ L1,L2,L3
2=0 to 300 V= L1(+),L2(-)
ExternalUN1000
0 to 250 V~L1
L2C
DExternal UN1000
Three-phase: L1 = 1, L2 = 2, L3 = 3S1 = 16, S2 = 17 Single-phase: L1 = 1, L3 = 3 S1 = 16, S2 = 17
Measurements inputs Three-phase: - Machine voltage UM Single-phase: - Machine current IM2 or Single-phase: - Machine voltage UM or Three-phase with ground (Three ph gnd) - Machine voltage UM
UM
max. 250 V / 0.2 VA
S2S1
1 A / 0.1 VAIM2
L3
L1L2
SM
External UN1000
UML1L3
External UN1000
UML3
L1L2
External UN1000
L1 L2 L3 max. 150 V / 0.2 VA
max. 150 V / 0.2 VA
L1 = 4, L3 = 5
Single-phase: Line voltage measurement UNET
UNETL1L3
External UN1000
max. 150 V / 0.2 VA + = 8
- = 9 Excitation current output Ie
15 A =
+
-E0 to 300 V=
ExternalUN 1000
Earth connection = 7 Earth connection
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Terminal designation Signal Circuit
DIO1 = 27 DIO2 = 28 DIO3 = 30 DIO4 = 31 +Vdig = 26, 29
Digital inputs DIO1 to DIO4 DIO1 to DIO4 can be operated either as inputs or outputs. Digital outputs DIO1 to DIO4 Caution: Configured as outputs, DIO1 to DIO4 must not be connected directly with +Vdig (causes short circuit via internal transistor)
24 V DC
+Vdig
DIO1 to 4
1k
UN1000External
in
out
24 V DC+Vdig
DIO1 to 4
UN1000 External
in
out
24 mA
DI5 = 42 DI6 = 43 DI7 = 45 DI8 = 46 +Vdig = 41, 44 DGND = 40, 47
Digital inputs DI5 to DI8 Controlled from potential-free contacts Controlled from potential-dependent contacts R = 1 kΩ, ≥4 W at 48 V R = 3.9 kΩ, ≥10 W at 110 V R = 8.2 kΩ, ≥20 W at 220 V
24 V DC
1k
+Vdig
DI5 to 8
External UN1000
24 mA
1k
DI5 to 8
DGND
RUN1000External
Caution The internal 24 V supply may be loaded with a maximum of 300 mA by all used
digital inputs and outputs.
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Terminal designation Signal Circuit
+AI1 = 33, -AI1 = 34 +AI2 = 36, -AI2 = 37 +AI3 = 19, -AI3 = 20 +Vref = 18, 35 -Vref = 21, 38 AGND = 25 Earth = 22,32,39
Analog inputs AI1 to AI3 R = 10 kΩ, 1 W
100k
47k+AI1 to 3
-10 V DC
+
-
100k
47k
10 V DC
4.7k
4.7k
-Vref
+VrefUN1000External
R
AGND
-AI1 to 3
max. ±10 V
100k
47k
+AI1 to 3
-AI1 to 3+
-
100k
47k
+
-
UN1000External
AGND
+AI1 = 33, -AI1 = 34
+AI2 = 36, -AI2 = 37 +AI3 = 19, -AI3 = 20 +Vref = 18, 35 -Vref = 21, 38 +Vdig = 26, 29, 41, 44 AGND = 25 DGND = 40, 47 Earth = 22,32,39
Analog inputs digitally assigned AI1 to AI3 (DI9 to DI14)
100k
UN1000
+AI1 to 3 100k
47k
10 V DC
4.7k
+Vref
DGND
External
-AI1 to 3
+Vdig 24 V DC1k
+
-
DGND
47kAin
AO1 = 23
AO2 = 24 AGND = 25
Analog outputs AO1 to AO2
max. ±10 V
AO1 to 2+
- 100R
UN1000 External
AGND
±12 Vmax. ±20 mA
Serial port: Sub-D, 9 pol,
Male
Serial interface RS 232
RX = 2 TX = 3 GND = 5
EIA-485: + = 50, - = 52 + = 53, - = 55 Earth = 51, 54
Serial interface RS 485
outin
+
+ -
-External
External
UN1000
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2.1.4 Digital inputs
Input function Description None Input not assigned
Excitation ON demand active: - Field flashing begins if Off Level > 0% - Soft start begins after the Off Level has been reached (Auto mode)
Mode Preset value Manual 0 A
Open Loop 0% PF 1.0 Var 0%
Excitation ON active Excitation ON not active
Excitation ON demand not active: All setpoints are immediately set to the following values and remain fixed there.
Auto 100% Circuit-breaker closed status active: - Activates current measurement - This message triggers immediately the ramp of the soft start as if still the hold time
Mode Final value Manual 90% Ie NoLoad
Open Loop 90% 1/Kceil
Gen CB Closed Status active Gen CB Closed Status no longer active
Circuit-breaker closed status changes from active to not active: All setpoints are immediately set to the following values. Auto 100%
Parallel with Grid Status Parallel with grid status active: - Enables together with Gen CB Closed possibility to change over to PF and Var modes. - Disables VDC mode.
Increase Increase setpoint of active regulator Decrease Decrease setpoint of active regulator
Mode Final value Manual Ie NoLoad
Open Loop 100% 1/Kceil PF 1.0 Var 0%
Reset Setpoint Status reset setpoint is active: The setpoint of the active regulator goes to the following value at ramp speed.
Auto 100%
Remote SP Enable
Control signal for remote setpoint setting. The setpoints are controlled by analog inputs.
PF Enable Power factor regulation active Var Enable Reactive power regulation active Manual Enable Manual active, field current regulation Open Loop Enable Open loop, direct control of power transistor active
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Input function Description Synchronize Synchronize demand active VDC Enable Voltage droop compensation control active Secondary Net Net 2 on island operation Reset Alarm Clear the following alarms:
- SystemOK (optional) - SW Alarm
Standby Standby demand active: - The output of the AVR is turned off - Boost is disabled - Field flashing is off - Integrator is kept in 1/Kceiling - All limits are disabled - There will be no data transmission to the EIA-485 bus - Mode is standby - All setpoints are following the corresponding actual value
The assignment of the digital inputs to the terminals DIO1 to 4, DI5 to 8, (DI9 to 14) can be selected freely. Level of the digital input Setting range: 0 to 28 V DC
High Level
Low Level
11 0logical Polarity of the digital input Software setting
24 V DC
normalDIO1 to 4DI5 to 8DI9 to 14
24 V DC
inverted
DIO1 to 4DI5 to 8DI9 to 14
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2.1.5 Digital outputs
Output function Description None Output not assigned Boost Status signal boost is active
Boost supports excitation in the event of line short circuit or heavy load. The boost function is blocked during field flashing and soft start.
Field Flashing *) Field flashing (voltage built up) active, if Excitation ON The next field flashing can only be started after Excitation ON or after the power has been switched off. During field flashing the output of the regulator is blocked in all operation modes.
SystemOK (optional) In preparation Limit Active One of the limiters (V/Hz, Ie, PQ or UM) is active
or setpoint limit has been reached (min. - or max. position) V/Hz Limit Active V/Hz limiter active SP Limit Reached Setpoint limit has been reached SP Minimum Reached Minimum setpoint has been reached SP Maximum Reached Maximum setpoint has been reached Operational Limit Active Ie, PQ or UM limiter active Min Ie Active Ie minimum current limiter active Max Ie Active Ie maximum current limiter active Min PQ Active PQ limiter active Min UM Active Limit value for minimum machine voltage is fallen below,
voltage limiter active Max UM Active Limit value for maximum machine voltage is exceeded,
voltage limiter active Voltage Relay active = machine voltage below boost threshold
inactive = boost threshold and hysteresis exceeded Not dependent on signal Excitation ON.
*) see also description of parameters in section 2.2.2
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Output function Description Sync Check Sync Check demand active:
- Generator circuit breaker is open - Machine voltage is more than 50% - Synchronization is possible (unit with Sync-Option) - Synchronize is enabled - Slip is between minimum slip and maximum slip - Machine voltage is deviating from network voltage maximum Delta U - Angle is between -maximum delta angle and +maximum delta angle
Close CBCommand The command is released: - Angle is in a value where it would take the Total CB Closing time for the breaker to close at zero degrees with current speed and acceleration. - Sync Check demand active - The command is so long active as the command Sync Check is active
SW Alarm Software program process is out of order The assignment of the digital outputs to the 4 terminals DIO1 to 4 can be selected freely. Polarity of the digital output Software setting
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2.1.6 Analog inputs
Input function Description None Input not assigned Auto Remote Setpoint External setpoint input to Auto regulator PF Remote Setpoint External setpoint input to PF regulator Var Remote Setpoint External setpoint input to Var regulator Manual Remote Setpoint External setpoint input to Manual regulator Open Loop Remote SP External setpoint input to open loop UMaux Auxiliary supply to the summing point of Auto regulator Reserved2 to 5 Reserved for later function expansion Digital Input 9(+) & 10(-) Assign digital inputs Digital Input 11(+) & 12(-) Assign digital inputs Digital Input 13(+) & 14(-) Assign digital inputs
The assignment of the analog inputs to the 3 terminals AI1 to 3 can be selected freely. External setpoint input Input to the summing point Two digital signals can be generated from an analog signal. ∆AI = pos. -> Ain = ↑ ∆AI = neg. -> Ain = ↓
Uin0%[V]
Uin100%
Internal signal value [%]
2
Setpoint max =
8 10
Setpoint min =
110
90
-10
Ext. Setpoint Auto
Uin0%
[V]Uin100%
UMaux [%]
max =
8 10 min=
10
-10
-10
Analog in6
-6
Din9=0Din10=0
Din9=1Din10=0
Din9=0Din10=0
Din9=0Din10=1
Ain
+Uin100%
-Uin100%
+Uin0%-Uin0%
+AI1 to 3
-AI1 to 3
Ain+
-AI
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2.1.7 Analog outputs
Output function Description None Output not assigned Excitation Current Excitation current PWM Pulse width modulation, control value Fbias Analog continuous signal presenting difference between UNET and UM
Fbias = fNET – fNOM – (Slipmax – Slipmin)/2 Output signal Fbias is forced to zero: - Not in Sync mode - Synchronization function not enabled (unit without Sync-Option) - Network frequency is not between 45 to 66 Hz
The assignment of the analog outputs to the 2 terminals AO1 to 2 can be selected freely. Level of the analog outputs Excitation Current Caution: Ie0% must be less than Ie100% Fbias PWM Output
Ie 0%
[A]
Ie100%
Ie
Aout
30
8
[V]
2Uout 0%
Uout 100%
5 15
[%]
PWM
Aout
100
8
[V]
2Uout 0%
Uout 100%
10
10
-10
-10
Fbias0%[Hz]
Fbias100%
Fbias
Aout
8
[V]
2Uout 0%
Uout 100%
-3 3
10
-10
3
The full voltage range runs from –10 V to 10 V at a resolution of 10 bits.
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2.2 Software
2.2.1 Operating modes
Automatic voltage regulation (Auto) Regulates the terminal voltage of the synchronous machine. Note: Current measurement for compensation / droop
PID Regulator
ESM
UN 1000
Manual control Regulates the field current of the excitation machine. Note: No limiters will be active.
PI Regulator
ESM
UN 1000
PF or Var regulation (PF, Var) Regulates the power factor or reactive power of the synchronous machine.
PFMVar
PI Regulator
ESM
UN 1000
Open loop Manual control with a fixed output signal. Note: No limiters will be active.
ESM
UN 1000
Note Bumpless changeover between all modes of operation
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Voltage droop compensation control and reactive power allocation (VDC) In order to share equally the amount of reactive power between parallel connected generators UNITROL 1000 offers a special feature, called voltage droop compensation control. Units are connected together with RS-485 bus. In VDC mode, actually, all AVRs operate in Auto mode with voltage droop. However, each AVR (with its own ID number) writes the value of its own amount of reactive power to the RS-485 bus. Each unit reads these values and calculates a common average Mvar setpoint, and compensates the effect of voltage droop. Therefore, voltage level on the busbar is always kept at 100% (not adjustable).
SM SM SM SM
Load A Load B
Prim. Net = 1Sec. Net = 2
Prim. Net = 1
AVR 1 AVR 2 AVR 3 AVR 4
RS 485
Din= Secondary Net Synchronization (Sync)
Power circuit breaker (CB) may only be closed if both voltages are at least approximately synchronous (coincident). Otherwise, faults in line operation, loading of the generators and, in extreme cases, damage to the generators can result. Measuring: The values are formed from the two measurement signals UNET and UM - Voltage difference (amplitude) - Slip (frequency difference) - Phase-angle difference Matching: The voltage matching function gives the adjusting value to the internal voltage regulator and the frequency matching function send the analog signal Fbias to the turbine regulator. Monitoring and command generation: The command to close the breaker (CB) is released if all conditions are fulfilled.
Regulator
ESM
Command
UNET
Fbias
UN 1000
Speed Controller
Setpoint fSP = fNom
UM
Sync
Setpoint
CB
T
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Dual channel system (Standby)
In case of a failure in channel 1, the redundant channel 2 is activated and the defective channel switched off. Change over to channel 1 can be controlled by alarm signal or with an external control signal.
Regulator
ESM
UN 1000 / 1
Regulator
UN 1000 / 2
Dual channel
StandbyAlarm
Operating modes are chosen by activating the predefined digital inputs. See section 5.2.
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2.2.2 Description of the parameters System Data - Nominal voltage of the machine - Measuring voltage three- or single- phase - Potent. transformer, primary voltage - Potent. transformer, sec. voltage - Nominal machine current - Current transformer primary current - Current transformer sec. current - No load excitation current - Ceiling factor - Machine reactance - Line voltage measurement (UNET)
UMNominal [kV] PT [Single Ph] [Three Ph] [Three ph gnd] UMPrimary [kV] UMSecondary [V] IM2Nominal [A] IM2Primary [A] IM2Secondary [A] Ie NoLoad [A] Kceil [V/V] Xq [p.u.] No scaling
UMSecondaryUMPrimary
IM2Primary
IM2Secondary
IM2Nominal
Regulator
ESM
UMNominal
Ie NoLoad
Xq
UNETPTNET
PTM
Caution The line voltage measurement cannot be scaled. A phase shift between the both measuring
transformers PTNET an PTM is not allowed. Field Flashing - Off Level
Off Level [%]
By setting Off level to 0% the field flashing is disabled
Soft start level
[%]
[s]
Field flashing off level
Excitation ON
Signal field flashing
Machine voltage
Soft Start - Starting voltage - Delay until ramp - Ramp time
Start Level [%] Hold Time [s] Ramp Time [s]
A soft start is done only in the Auto mode Start level
Hold time Ramp
[%]
[s]
UMNominal
Gen CB Closed Status = active
Machine voltage
Trigger immediately the soft start
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Limiters V/Hz Limiter - V/Hz knee point frequency - Slope
fknee [Hz] Slope [% / fknee]
fknee
[%]
[Hz]
100
Machine voltage
IeMinimum current limiter - Minimum limit - Limiter active
Minimum [A] Active = True/False
Limiter- characteristics
P [W]
Q+ [var]Iemin
GENERATOR
MOTORUM2
Xq
Reactive power
Active poweroverexcitedunderexcited
Q-
IeMaximum current limiter - 1st limit - Hold time - 2nd limit delay - Hold time - Continuous current - Limiter active
Maximum [A] Hold Time [s] Delayed [A] Hold Time [s] Continuous [A] Active = True/False
Hold time
[A]
[s]Hold time
1st limit
2nd limitContin. current
Excitation current
PQ Limiter The characteristic is determined by 5 points
- Q limit at P= 0% - Q limit at P= 25% - Q limit at P= 50% - Q limit at P= 75% - Q limit at P= 100% - Voltage dependency active - Limiters active
Q( 0%) [%] Q( 25%) [%] Q( 50%) [%] Q( 75%) [%] Q( 100%) [%] Volt.Depend=True/False Active =True/False
P [W]
Q+ [var]
P=100%
P=75%
P=50%
P=25%
P=0%
P=25%
P=50%
P=75%
P=100%
Active power
Reactive powerQ-
Generator
Motor
overexcitedunderexcited
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UM Limiter - Limiting value of the minimum machine voltage - Limiting value of the maximum machine voltage - Limiter active - Limiter active
Minimum [%] Maximum [%] MinActive =True/False MaxActive =True/False
Caution In PF/Var mode, the Auto regulator takes over in the event of extreme line disturbances. Boost-Output - Pick-up volt. to generate boost command - Time boost output is active - Hysteresis for the reset of boost output
Threshold [%] Hold Time [s] Hysteresis [%]
[s]
Excitation ONnot active
Boost =Voltage Relay= 1 0
0 11
00 1
Hold time
Voltage drop
Hysterese
Machine voltage
Excitation ONSoft start
100%
t
Threshold
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Setpoint setting for the regulator - Auto - PF, Var - Manual, - Open Loop
Minimum [ ] Maximum [ ] Ramp Rate [ ]
to voltage regulator to power factor, reactive power regulator to manual regulator to open loop regulation circuit
- UMaux
Minimum [ ] Maximum [ ]
Auxiliary supply to the summing point of Auto regulator
Mode Preset value
Manual 0 A Level of the setpoint if the digital Input Excitation ON is not active. Open Loop 0% PF 1.0 Var 0% Auto 100% The limits and rise time can be set separately for each operating mode. The setpoints of the non-active regulators follow the relevant operating point. For example, for reactive power regulation (Var) the setpoint of the auto-regulator follows the current machine voltage. Thus allows surge-free switching between operating modes if the new setpoint is within the setpoint limit. Particulars to the setpoint in Sync mode - No Load: Regulator works in AUTO mode. Setpoint follows line voltage and the ramp rate corresponds with the increase- resp. decrease command. - Gen CB Closed Status active: Works in AUTO mode, but the setpoint will be changed in such a
manner that the reactive power always goes to zero. Voltage Droop Compensation Control (VDC) - Primary Net ID - Secondary Net ID - Ramp Time
Net ID Net ID Ramp Time [s]
Ramp time to get machine voltage to 100% and Var equal between machines after VDC is activated.
Machine voltage
Reactive current
100
[%]Var SPmaxVar SPmin
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Synchronisation - Minimum Slip - Maximum Slip - Max. voltage difference Note: fM > fNET Slip always negative Delta Angle
Minimum Slip [Hz] Maximum Slip [Hz] Maximum Delta U [%] Maximum Delta Angle [deg]
Slip
[Hz]
MinimumMaximum-1,00 -0,40
5,0
-5,0
10,0
-10,0
[%]
0
-20
-20-40
-6060
4020
0
Angle = -1010
UM -UNET(Delta U)
Time between closing command and closed breaker (see data sheet of the breaker)
Total CB Closing Time [ms]
• Voltage matcher
The machine voltage is raised to the level of the line voltage.
Ramp Rate has to be adjusted in the menu Setpoint AUTO • Frequency matcher Example: fNOM = 50 Hz (45 Hz < fNET ≤ 54 Hz, 50 Hz) (54 Hz < fNET < 66 Hz, 60 Hz) fNET = 49 Hz fM = 47 Hz fSP = 47 Hz (Setpoint turbine) fSP = 50 Hz (Setpoint turbine for synchronization) Slipmax = -0,4 Hz Slipmin = 0 Hz Fbias = fNET -fNOM -(Slipmax-Slipmin)/2 = -0,8 Hz fSP+Fbias= 49,2 Hz
UNET
UM98
100
103
[%] Setpoint AUTO
Ramp = constant
90
110 Maximum
Minimum
50
49
[Hz]
48
47
fNOM
fNET
fSP
[Hz]3
-3
Fbias
-0,8
fSP
50
49
[Hz]
fSP + Fbias
48
47
0,4fNOM
fNET
fM
49,2
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Regulator Tune Auto [Voltage control] - Proportional gain - Integral time constant - Derivative time constant
Vp [p.u.] Ta [s] Tb [s]
Vp
1257 ω [rad/s]1/Ta
Gain[p.u.]
1/Tb
150
- Compensation or droop
Kq [%] [%]
Compensation
Droop
Kq= 0.00 (no effect)
Kq= 20% (max. compensation)
Kq= -20% (max. droop)
Machine voltage
Reactive current
[%]
PF or Var Control and PQ Limiter
Vp [p.u.] Ta [s]
P [W]
Q+ [var]
PF
VarPF
Active power
Reactive power
overexcitedunderexcited
Q-
Generator
Motor
Manual Field current control and Ie Limiter
Vp [p.u.] Ta [s]
Vp
1257 ω [rad/s]1/Ta
Gain[p.u.]
Communication ID unit number: AVR ID Write EEPROM Saves the parameters in the device’s EEPROM Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory
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3 INSTALLATION AND DISPOSAL Caution The safe operation of the unit depends on appropriate transport and correct storage,
installation and mounting. The unit should be packed and unpacked with the usual degree of care, without the use of force and using suitable tools. The unit should be inspected visually to check for any damage caused during transport. Complaints regarding defects resulting from inappropriate transport are to be addressed immediately to the receiving station or the last carrier. The unit should only be installed in indoor areas which are dry and dust-free and which do not contain any gases, acid fumes or similar (IP20).
3.1 Mechanical installation The unit is fixed in place by means of four screws. See dimensions diagram for fixing holes and spacing.
O 7 170
200
UNITROL 1000AbbR
Dimensions in mm
3.2 Earthing and wiring The emission limits in accordance with standard EN 50081-2 (1993) will only be complied with if the connections for the power electronics supply and the field output are made using shielded cables earthed at each end. We also recommend that shielded cables be used for the analog and digital connections. The connection terminals are fitted on the front side of the unit, on three levels: Maximum cross sections: - Power electronics, terminals numbers 1 - 15: 4 mm2 - Electronics section, terminals numbers 16 - 55: 2.5 mm2
The casing must be earthed at terminal 7 with 4 mm2. Additional earth terminals are provided for the shielded cables. The earth connection should be kept as short as possible.
3.3 Disposal
Improper disposal of electrical devices can lead to environmental damage. It is therefore important that the disposal of electronic equipment is carried out by qualified personnel. The metallic casing does not present any risk to the environment and can be recycled. UNITROL 1000 is of environmentally friendly design. The printed circuit boards are simple to remove. The printed circuit boards must be removed and should be disposed of by a licensed disposal company. Environmentally hazardous elements such as capacitors must be separated from the boards.
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4 OPERATION
4.1 Operation on the unit
4.1.1 Keypad The keypad consists of four keys with the following functions:
Keys Commands
, Select mode: Moves the cursor up or down Horizontal arrow cursor marks the active line Parameter setting: Increases or reduces value
OK Select mode: Selects sub-menu in the line marked with the cursor On parameter level, the cursor disappears and the following text is displayed:
OK to write value => Accept new value, not yet saved in EEPROM ESC to cancel => Retain old value Parameter setting: Accept new value
ESC Select mode: Back to next-higher menu Parameter setting: Retain saved value
4.1.2 Display After auxiliary voltage supply UAUX is applied the version numbers of both the unit and the panel are shown on the display for a few seconds. Then the start menu MAIN lights up. All the sub-menus are called up from the “MAIN” start menu The vertical arrow (↓ ↑ ) indicates whether other lines are available ↓ ∗ ∗ ∗ using the up () or down () keys. → The horizontal arrow cursor (→) marks the active line. "MAIN" start menu The title and three lines are displayed ↓ ∗ ∗ ∗ M A I N ∗ ∗ ∗ - Online measurement of machine and field values → M o n i t o r - Current operating mode, in this place only a information M o d e = A u t o - Set ID number of the unit, in this place only a information C o n n e c t e d : 1 - Set parameters key S e t u p - Set regulator parameters key T u n e - Set ID number key C o m m u n i c a t i o n - Save parameters in UNITROL 1000 key W r i t e E E P R O M
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4.1.3 Example of parameter setting Example: Assigning Parallel wGrid to input DI6
Operating Key Resulting display ↓ ∗ ∗ ∗ M A I N ∗ ∗ ∗ → M o n i t o r M o d e = A u t o
Display after auxiliary voltage is applied
C o n n e c t e d : 1
∗ ∗ ∗ M A I N ∗ ∗ ∗ M o d e = A u t o C o n n e c t e d : 1
In the start menu, use key to move down to setup 3x → S e t u p
∗ ∗ ∗ S E T U P ∗ ∗ S e t p o i n t s V o l t . D r o o p C o m p .
Select sub-menu 1, setup, and use key to move down to digital I/Os OK, 7x
→ D i g i t a l I / O s
D I G I T A L I / O s H y s t e r e s i s → I / O s
Select sub-menu 2, digital I/Os, and use key to move down to I/Os OK, 1x
D i n f r o m A i n
D I G I T A L I / O s D I O 4 D I 5
Select sub-menu 3, digital I/Os, and use key to move down to DI6 OK, 5x
→ D I 6
∗ ∗ ∗ D I 6 ∗ ∗ ∗ → D i n = N o n e P o l a r i t y = N o r m a l
Select sub-menu 4, DI6 OK
∗ ∗ ∗ D I 6 ∗ ∗ ∗ D i n = N o n e - O K t o w r i t e v a l u e
Select parameter DI Cursor disappears, text OK/ESC appears instead OK
- E S C t o c a n c e l
∗ ∗ ∗ D I 6 ∗ ∗ ∗ D i n = P a r a l l e l w G r i d - O K t o w r i t e v a l u e
Use key to select assignment 3x - E S C t o c a n c e l
∗ ∗ ∗ D I 6 ∗ ∗ ∗ → D i n = P a r a l l e l w G r i d P o l a r i t y = N o r m a l
Press OK key to save OK
∗ ∗ ∗ M A I N ∗ ∗ ∗ M o d e = A u t o C o n n e c t e d : 1
Press ESC key to return to start menu 4x ESC → S e t u p
Caution The above procedure only changes the parameters in the volatile memory.
To make the modification permanent, you have to save the entire parameter set: Save parameters: Start menu MAIN, Write EEPROM, OK, OK.
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4.1.4 Menu structure of display S t a r t m e n u S u b - m e n u 1 S u b - m e n u 2 S u b - m e n u 3 ∗ ∗ ∗ M A I N ∗ ∗ ∗ M o n i t o r ∗ ∗ ∗ M O N I T O R ∗ ∗ ∗ M o d e = A u t o U M = k V C o n n e c t e d : 1 U M r e l = % S e t u p I M 2 = A T u n e I M 2 r e l = % C o m m u n i c a t i o n Q = k V a r W r i t e E E P R O M Q r e l = % P = k W P r e l = % I e = A f r e q = H z
M A I N ∗ ∗ ∗ S E T U P ∗ ∗ ∗ S y s t e m D a t a ∗ S Y S T E M D A T A ∗ F i e l d F l a s h i n g U M N o m = k V S o f t S t a r t P T = P T : T h r e e p h a s e L i m i t e r s U M P r i m = k V S i n g l e p h a s e S y n c h r o n i z a t i o n U M S e c o n d = V 3 p h a s e g n d S e t p o i n t s I M 2 N o m = A V o l t . D r o o p C o m p . I M 2 P r i m = A D i g i t a l I / O s I M 2 S e c = A A n a l o g I n p u t s I e N o L o a d = A A n a l o g O u t p u t s K c e i l = V / V X q = M A I N , S E T U P ∗ F I E L D F L A S H I N G O f f L e v e l = % M A I N , S E T U P ∗ ∗ S O F T S T A R T ∗ ∗ S t a r t L v l = % H o l d T i m e = s R a m p T i m e = s M A I N , S E T U P ∗ ∗ ∗ L I M I T E R S ∗ ∗ ∗ V / H z L i m i t e r ∗ ∗ V / H z L I M I T E R ∗ ∗ I e M i n L i m i t e r f k n e e = H z I e M a x L i m i t e r S l o p e = % P Q L i m i t e r U M L i m i t e r B o o s t
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S u b - m e n u 2 S u b - m e n u 3 M A I N , S E T U P , L I M I T E R S ∗ I e M i n L I M I T E R ∗ M i n i m u m = A A c t i v e = M A I N , S E T U P , L I M I T E R S ∗ I e M a x L I M I T E R ∗ M a x i m u m = A H o l d T i m e = s - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - D e l a y e d = A H o l d T i m e = s - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - C o n t i n u o u s = A A c t i v e = M A I N , S E T U P , L I M I T E R S ∗ ∗ P Q L I M I T E R ∗ ∗ Q ( 0 % ) = % Q ( 2 5 % ) = % Q ( 5 0 % ) = % Q ( 7 5 % ) = % Q ( 1 0 0 % ) = % V o l t . D e p e n d = A c t i v e = M A I N , S E T U P , L I M I T E R S ∗ ∗ U M L I M I T E R ∗ ∗ M i n i m u m = % M a x i m u m = % M i n A c t i v e = M a x A c t i v e = M A I N , S E T U P , L I M I T E R S ∗ ∗ ∗ B O O S T ∗ ∗ ∗ T h r e s h o l d = %
H o l d T i m e = s H y s t e r e s i s = %
M A I N , S E T U P S Y N C H R O N I Z A T I O N M i n S l i p = H z M a x S l i p = H z M a x d U = % M a x A n g l = d e g T o t C B C t i m e = m s
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S u b - m e n u 2 S u b - m e n u 3 M A I N , S E T U P ∗ ∗ S E T P O I N T S ∗ ∗ A u t o ∗ ∗ A U T O P F ∗ ∗ P F S P V a r ∗ ∗ V a r S P M a n u a l ∗ ∗ M A N U A L S P O p e n L o o p ∗ O P E N L O O P S P ∗ M i n i m u m = % M a x i m u m = % R a m p R a t e = % / s ∗ ∗ ∗ U M A U X ∗ ∗ ∗ M i n i m u m = % M a x i m u m = % M A I N , S E T U P ∗ ∗ ∗ V D C ∗ ∗ ∗ P r i m . N e t I D = S e c . N e t I D = R a m p T i m e = s M A I N , S E T U P ∗ ∗ D I G I T A L I / O s ∗ ∗ H y s t e r e s i s ∗ ∗ H Y S T E R E S I S ∗ ∗ I / O s L o w L e v e l = V D i n f r o m A i n H i g h L e v e l = V
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S u b - m e n u 2 S u b - m e n u 3 S u b - m e n u 4 ∗ ∗ D I G I T A L I / O s ∗ ∗ D I O 1 D i r e c t i o n : I n p u t D i n D I O 2 ∗ ∗ ∗ D I O 1 D I O 3 N o n e , ∗ ∗ ∗ D I O 2 D I O 4 E x c i t a t i o n O N , ∗ ∗ ∗ D I O 3 D I 5 G e n C B c l . s t . , ∗ ∗ ∗ D I O 4 ∗ ∗ ∗ D I 6 P a r a l l e l w G r i d , D i r e c t i o n = D I 7 I n c r e a s e , D i n = D I 8 D e c r e a s e , D o u t = R e s e t S e t p o i n t , P o l a r i t y = R e m o t e S P E n a . , P F E n a b l e , V a r E n a b l e , M a n u a l E n a b l e , ∗ ∗ ∗ D I 5 O p e n L o o p E n a . , ∗ ∗ ∗ D I 6 S y n c , ∗ ∗ ∗ D I 7 V D C E n a b l e , ∗ ∗ ∗ D I 8 ∗ ∗ ∗ S e c o n d a r y N e t D i n = P o l a r i t y = D i r e c t i o n : O u t p u t D o u t N o n e , B o o s t , F i e l d F l a s h i n g , S y s t e m O K ∗ ∗ D I N f r o m A I N ∗ L i m i t A c t i v e , S u b - m e n u 4 D I 9 f r o m + A I V / H z L i m . A c t . , D I 1 0 f r o m - A I S P L i m . R e a c h . , ∗ ∗ D I 0 9 D I 1 1 f r o m + A I S P M i n . R e a c h . , ∗ ∗ D I 1 0 D I 1 2 f r o m - A I S P M a x . R e a c h . , ∗ ∗ D I 1 1 D I 1 3 f r o m + A I O p e r . L i m . A c t . , ∗ ∗ D I 1 2 D I 1 4 f r o m - A I M i n I e A c t . , ∗ ∗ D I 1 3 M a x I e A c t . , ∗ ∗ D I 1 4 f r o m – A I ∗ M i n P Q A c t . , D i n = M i n U M A c t . , P o l a r i t y = M a x U M A c t . , V o l t a g e R e l a y , C l o s e C B C o m d , S y n c C h e c k , S W A l a r m P o l a r i t y : N o r m a l , I n v e r t e d
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S u b - m e n u 1 S u b - m e n u 2 S u b - m e n u 3 A i n : N o n e , A u t o R e m o t e S P , P F R e m o t e S P , V a r R e m o t e S P , M a n u a l R e m S P , O p e n L o o p R S P , U M a u x , R e s e r v e d 2 , R e s e r v e d 3 , R e s e r v e d 4 , R e s e r v e d 5 , D I 9 ( + ) & 1 0 ( - ) , D I 1 1 ( + ) & 1 2 ( - ) , D I 1 3 ( + ) & 1 4 ( - ) M A I N , S E T U P ∗ A N A L O G I N P U T S A I 1 ∗ ∗ ∗ A I 1 A I 2 ∗ ∗ ∗ A I 2 A I 3 ∗ ∗ ∗ A I 3 ∗ ∗ ∗ A i n = U i n 0 % = V U i n 1 0 0 % = V A o u t : N o n e , E x c . C u r r e n t , P W M F b i a s A I N , S E T U P A N A L O G O U T P U T S A O 1 ∗ ∗ ∗ A O 1 A O 2 ∗ ∗ ∗ A O 2 ∗ ∗ ∗ I e R a n g e A o u t = F b i a s R a n g e U o u t 0 % = V U o u t 1 0 0 % = V M A I N , S E T U P , A N A L O G O U T P U T S ∗ ∗ I e R A N G E ∗ F b i a s R A N G E ∗ F b i a s 0 % = %
F b i a s 1 0 0 % = %
M A I N ∗ ∗ ∗ T U N E ∗ ∗ ∗ A u t o ∗ ∗ ∗ A U T O ∗ ∗ ∗ P F / V a r / P Q L i m i t e r S e t p o i n t = % M a n u a l / I e L i m i t e r V p = O p e n L o o p T a = s T b = s K q = % S t e p = % D o S t e p
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S u b - m e n u 1 S u b - m e n u 2 M A I N , T U N E P F / V a r / P Q L I M I T E R S P P F = S P V a r = % V p = T a = s P F - S t e p = V a r - S t e p = D o P F - S t e p D o V a r - S t e p M A I N , T U N E M A N U A L / I e L I M I T E R S e t p o i n t = A V p = T a = s S t e p = A D o S t e p M A I N , T U N E ∗ ∗ O P E N L O O P ∗ ∗ S e t p o i n t = % S t e p = % D o S t e p =
M A I N ∗ C O M M U N I C A T I O N A V R I D =
M A I N ∗ ∗ ∗ M A I N ∗ ∗ ∗ W r i t e E E P R O M - O K t o w r i t e v a l u e - E S C t o c a n c e l
4.1.5 Fault message on the display In certain circumstances it could appear the following fault messages on the display: − XIRQ, SI or SYSTEM HALTED The regulator continues to work faultless and has not to be taken out of service. But, no parameters can be entered or changed. The display is reseted when the unit is taken out of service and the auxiliary power is disconnected for a short-time. A defective unit should be sent in for repair. See manufacturer’s details in section 1.3.
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4.2 PC-Software The delivered PC software is called PCTools for UNITROL 1000. System requirements: - at least Pentium II (200MHz) processor - 256 MB RAM - 4-speed CD-ROM drive - Microsoft® WindowsTM 95/98, NT or 2000
Installing PCTools 3.0 software To install the PCTools software please carry out the following steps: • Place the PCTools CD in your CD-ROM drive • Open the Windows File Manager or Explorer • Display the CD root directory • Double-click Visa201.exe from the directory PCTools \ Installer \ Disks • Double-click Setup.exe from the directory PCTools \ Installer \ Disks • Follow the instructions that appear on the screen. The Setup loads the
PCTools program into your hard disk. The application program is now installed. To start the program: • Open the user interface via Start button, Programs, UNITROL 1000 and
Double-click the shortcut icon PCTools.
Distribution rights: PCTools was developed with the LabVIEW software and is distributed free of license charges and costs. The copyright to LabVIEW is owned by the company National Instruments International Distribution (NIID). “Copyright © [02-03-20] National Instruments Corporation.“
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4.2.1 Operation using the software The window PCTools is the graphic user interface of the program. The other sub-menus are called up from the menu bar: - File: Load/save parameters - Monitor: Online measuring - Setup: Set parameters - Com.: Set ID number - Tune: Tune regulator - Help: Software information
PCTools
File Monitor CommunicationSetup Tune
+
Connected to:
Help
EEPROM
OFF LINE
AVR1
menu bar, start menu
ABB PCTools for UNITROL 1000
ID-Number
Display on the unit: After the connection cable has been connected, the unit display reads REMOTE CONTROL. → R E M O T E C O N T R O L Note It is possible to connect or disconnect the cable while the unit is in operation. To make the communication between PCTools and the unit: • Click the button OFF LINE
Caution: This button is shaded, if PCTools can not communicate with the unit. • Press the button „Continue“ to
accept the reading of the parameters.
PCTools
File Monitor CommunicationSetup Tune
+
Connected to:
Help
EEPROMAVR1Reading Parameters from AVR
100.0% Ready
CancelParameters Read OK
Continue
+
OFF LINEclick
Button lights up green
LED lights up green
ON LINE
2nd click
The button is now with ON LINE labelled and lights up green The parameters have been loaded from the unit to PCTools (EEPROM LED lights up green)
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4.2.2 Example of parameter setting using PCTools Example: Assigning Parallel with Grid Status to input DI6 Make ON-LINE connection to the unit
Menu bar PCTools, start menu - Select setup - Select digital I/Os - Open input DI6 withmenu - Select input Return to start menu
PCToolsFile Monitor CommunicationSetup Tune
+
+ Digital I/Os
click
System DataSoft Start
LimitersSetpoints
Analog Output
Help
Field Flashing
Voltage Droop Composition
Analog Input
click
In NormalNoneDIO1
NormalNoneDI5
Direction Digital Input/Output Polarity
NormalNoneDI6
NormalParallel with Grid StatusDI6
NoneExcitation ONGen CB Closed Status
IncreaseDecreaseReset SetpointRemote SP EnablePF EnableVar EnableManual EnableOpen Loop Enable
click
click
VDC EnableSecondary Net
Synchronize
Close
Synchronization
Reset AlarmStandby
Parallel with Grid Status
Digital I/Os
Caution The above procedure only changes the parameters in the volatile memory.
To make the modification permanent, you have to save the entire parameter set. Save parameters in ON LINE status: - Unit: Menu bar PCTools \ File \ Write Parameters to EEPROM - Harddisk: Menu bar PCTools \ File \ Save Parameter File
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4.2.3 Menu structure of PCTools
+ PCTools File Monitor Setup Communication Tune Help
About PCTools… Software information About PCTools Control: Software revision unit Panel: Software revision panel Revision: Software revision PCTools Click window to continue Connected AVR
+
Software RevisionsControl: X.XXXPanel: X.XXX Click window to continue
ABB for UNITROL 1000Revision: X.XXX
PCTools
File Monitor Setup Communication Tune Help
Open Parameter File *.ini Save Parameter File Write Parameters to EEPROM Close close the application
File Monitor Setup Communication Tune Help
Measurements Online measurement of the machine and field values Oscilloscope Online measurement PQ Diagram Online measurement Sync Diagram Online measurement
• Window measuring instruments
Monitor \ Measurements
- Network Voltage (UNET) [% and kV] - Machine Voltage (UM) [% and kV] - Machine Real Power (P) [% and kW] - Field Current (Ie) [A] - Machine Current (IM2) [% and A] - Machine Reactive Power (Q) [% and kVar - Network Frequency (fNET) [Hz] - Machine Frequency (fM) [Hz] - Power Factor (PF) --
5025
75
0
100125
150
%
Measurements+
Close
0.00.000
Machine Voltage (UM)
kV
Document number Lang. Rev. ind. Page
ABB Switzerland Ltd 3BHS124245 E80 en - 43
• Oscilloscope
Monitor \ Oscilloscope File Edit Start
Open Waveform Ctrl+O open the waveform (is saved as ASCII table, *.xls) Recall Setup open settings of oscilloscope (*. cfg)
Save Waveform save measurements as ASCII table (*.xls) Save Setup save oscilloscope settings (*. cfg)
Print Bitmap to File Ctrl+B save waveform in a BMP File
Close Ctrl+Q close application
File Edit Start
Cursors Ctrl+C show / hide cursors, Cursor appear on the left side of the screen Sweep Buffer Ctrl+S Run through recording from Cursor A
File Edit Start
Start start the record (appears menu point Freeze Waveform) Freeze Waveform stop the record (appears menu point Start)
File Edit Start
0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0 45.0 50.0
time / s
Channel 1
Channel 2
Channel 3
Channel 4
Generator StateModeCombined Limit-------------PWMIeUM Relative
f MachineP RelativeQ RelativecosphiIq Relative
Limit Ie MaxLimit PQ Min
PWM
%/div
%0.0
100.0
Ie
A/div
A0.0
10.0
f Machine
Hz/div
Hz0.0
50.0
UM Relative
%/div
%0.0
50.0
IM2 Relative
sBuffer Length
Channel 1 Channel 1A B
click0.0 %0.0 s
Channel 1Channel 2Channel 3Channel 4
dt = 0.0 s1/dt = Inf Hz
Cursors A, B
Zoom
50.0
UM StepPF StepVar StepIe Step
click
Iq Relative Slow
GainOffset
Cursors A, B
Sampling rate = 20 Samples / Second
Measurement: Define buffer length (max. length = 100 s) Start, stop and save record The assignment of the signal, gain, offset can be chosen afterwards.
Note: A reduced buffer length improves considerably the performance of the PC.
Document number Lang. Rev. ind. Page
ABB Switzerland Ltd 3BHS124245 E80 en - 44
• Window PQ Diagram
Monitor \ PQ Diagram (Power chart)
125
100
75
50
25
0-300 -275 -250 -225 -200 -175 -150 -125 -100 -75 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100
x
x
x
x
x
Operating points
Limiter characteristics100
75
50
25
0
Close
• Window Synchonization Diagram
Monitor \ Sync Diagram
Close
-0.8 -0.6 -0.4 -0.2 0.0 0.2 0.4-10.0
-6.0
-4.0-2.0
0.0
2.04.06.0
8.0
10.0
-8.0
-20
-20-40
-60
-80
-100
-120
-140-160180
160140
120
100
80
60
4020
0
Angle Frequency/Voltage
x
UM - UNET [%]
fM -fNET
[Hz]
Slip
Differential voltage machine to network
Synchronization
Synchronoscope
Close command
0,05 Hz
Document number Lang. Rev. ind. Page
ABB Switzerland Ltd 3BHS124245 E80 en - 45
File Monitor Setup Communication Tune Help
Setting of the system and unit parameters System Data System Data Soft Start Soft Start Field Flashing Field Flashing Limiters Limiters Setpoints Setpoints Voltage Droop Compensation Voltage Droop Compensation Control Digital I/Os Digital I/Os Analog Inputs Analog Inputs Analog Outputs Analog Outputs Synchronization Synchronization Limiters V/Hz Limiter Operational Limits PQ, Ie und UM limiter Boost Line short circuit support Setpoints Auto Min., max. and ramp PF Var Manual Open Loop UMaux
Document number Lang. Rev. ind. Page
ABB Switzerland Ltd 3BHS124245 E80 en - 46
• Adjust System Data
Setup \ System Data
IM2 NominalA
S NominalUM NominalkV
Ie No LoadA
Xq
Kceiling
UM Nominal @ AVRV
IM2 Nominal @ AVRA
Primary Secondary:
Potential Transformer
kV V
Primary Secondary:
Current Transformer
A A
V/V
PT
Three PhaseSingle PhaseThree ph gnd
110.00 1.000
5.0
5.00
1.50
1.000 110.00 500 1.000
5001.000 MVA0.87
Three Phasecli
ck
Close
• Configure Soft Start
Setup \ Soft Start
0.0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 12.0 14.0 16.0 18.0 20.0
100
80
60
40
20
00.0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 12.0 14.0 16.0 18.0 20.0
sRamp Time
sHold Time
%
110
0.0
0.0
10.0
Close
Start Level
• Adjust Field Flashing
Setup \ Field Flashing
%Field Flashing Off Level 0.0
Close
0.0
Document number Lang. Rev. ind. Page
ABB Switzerland Ltd 3BHS124245 E80 en - 47
• Adjust V/Hz Limiter
Setup \ Limiters \ V/Hz Limiter
f knee Hz
Slope %/fknee100.0
48.0
Close
• Adjust Ie, UM and PQ Limiter
Setup \ Limiters \ Operational Limits \ Limiter Setup Ie Limiter Max Min
Active
Max Ie = Min Q30.0
Max delayed Ie = Min Q12.0
Max continous Ie = Min Q10.0
Min Q10.0
Min Q60.0
Min QMin UMMax UM
Min Ie
ss
forfor
A
AA
Active
Min Ie = Min Q0.0
Min QMin UMMax UMMax Ie
A
Max IeMin Ie
Close Close
UM Limiter Max Min
Active
Min QMin UMMin Ie
Active
Min QMin IeMax UMMax Ie
Min UM = Min Q90.0 %Max UM = Min Q110.0 %
Min UMMax UMMax Ie
PQ Limiter
Active
Min UMMax UM
Min IeMax Ie
Voltage dependency
Min Q5 = Min Q-20.0 %, when P = 100%
Min Q4 = Min Q-25.0 %, when P = 75%
Min Q3 = Min Q-30.0 %, when P = 50%
Min Q2 = Min Q-35.0 %, when P = 25%
Min Q1 = Min Q-40.0 %, when P = 0%
Min Q
Close
Document number Lang. Rev. ind. Page
ABB Switzerland Ltd 3BHS124245 E80 en - 48
• Adjust short circuit support
Setup \ Limiters \ Boost
Threshold %
Hold Time
Hysteresis %
s
40.0
3.0
15.0
Close
• Adjust Setpoint Range
Setup \ Setpoints \ AUTO
Minimum %
Maximum
Ramp Rate %/s
%
90.0
110.0
0.30
Close
The setpoints PF, Var, Manual, Open loop and UMaux are entered in identical input fields. • Adjust Voltage Droop Compensation Control Range
Setup \ Voltage Droop Compensation
Primary Net ID
Secondary Net ID
VDC Ramp Time s
1
2
10.0
Close
Document number Lang. Rev. ind. Page
ABB Switzerland Ltd 3BHS124245 E80 en - 49
• Configure Digital I/O
Setup \ Digital I/Os
In NormalNoneDIO1
High Level V
Low Level V
Direction Digital Input/Output Polarity
click
10.0
4.0
In NormalNoneDIO2Inverted
None NormalInDIO3
NoneDIO4 NormalIn
NormalNoneDI5
NormalNoneDI6
NormalNoneDI7
NormalNoneDI8
NormalNoneDI9 from +AI
NormalNoneDI10 from -AI
NormalNoneDI11 from +AI
NormalNoneDI12 from -AI
NormalNoneDI13 from +AI
NormalNoneDI14 from -AI
NoneExcitation ON
Parallel with Grid StatusGen CB Closed Status
IncreaseDecreaseReset SetpointRemote SP EnablePF EnableVar EnableManual EnableOpen Loop Enable
Direction = OutNoneBoost
Direction = In
VDC EnableSecondary Net
FieldFlashing
Limit ActiveV/Hz Limit ActiveSP Limit ReachedSP Minimum ReachedSP Maximum ReachedOperational Limit ActiveMin Ie ActiveMax Ie ActiveMin PQ ActiveMin UM ActiveMax UM ActiveVoltage Relay
click
Out
Synchronize
SystemOK
Close
click
Reset AlarmStandby CloseCBCommand
Sync CheckSW Alarm
Document number Lang. Rev. ind. Page
ABB Switzerland Ltd 3BHS124245 E80 en - 50
• Configure Analog Inputs Setup \ Analog Inputs
Analog Input 0% 100%
NoneAI2 V V
NoneAI3 V V
NoneAI1 V V0.0
0.0
0.0 10.0
10.0
10.0
Close
NoneAuto Remote Setpoint
Var Remote SetpointPF Remote Setpoint
Manual Remote SetpointOpen Loop Remote SetpointUMauxReserved2Reserved3Reserved4Reserved5Digital Input 9(+) & 10(-)Digital Input 11(+) & 12(-)Digital Input 13(+) & 14(-)
click
• Configure Analog Outputs
Setup \ Analog Outputs
NoneAO1 V V
NoneAO2 V V
% %
A A
maxmin
Ie Range
PWM
0.0
0.0
0.0
10.0
10.0
30.0
0.0 100.0
Analog Output
Close
Excitation CurrentNone
PWMFbias
click
Hz HzFbias Range -3.0 3.0
Document number Lang. Rev. ind. Page
ABB Switzerland Ltd 3BHS124245 E80 en - 51
• Adjust Synchronization
Setup \ Synchronization
Minimum Slip
Maximum Slip
Maximum Delta U
Hz0.00
-0.40
Close
Maximum Delta Angle
Total CB Closing Time
10
90
5.00
Hz
%
deg
ms
File Monitor Setup Communication Tune Help
ID Definition Set ID number • Set ID Number
Communication \ ID Definition Note: Required in VDC mode to be set unique
ID 1
Close
Document number Lang. Rev. ind. Page
ABB Switzerland Ltd 3BHS124245 E80 en - 52
File Monitor Setup Communication Tune Help
Setpoint Adjust Auto Automatic voltage regulation PF/Var/PQ Limiter PF, Var regulation and PQ Limiter Manual/Ie Limiter Manual control and Ie Limiter
• Adjust Setpoint, Trigger Setpoint, Status Displays
Tune \ Setpoint Adjust
Setpoint
UP
%
DOWN
%
UPDOWN
UM Step
110.0
105.0
100.0
95.0
90.0
Limiter State
Ie High
UM High
IM High
V/Hz
Ie Low
UM Low
Iq Low
Active ModeGenerator State
Close
Sec. Net
Grid
Prim. Net
0.0
100.0
Open Loop
Pf
Var
VDC
Sync
Manual
Standby
NoLoad
AUTO
A setpoint jump can also be triggered in this window.
Adjust setpoint
Set step height
Trigger setpoint jump
• Parameter Setting Range
Tune \ Auto
Vp(Proportional Gain)
Ta(Integration Time)
s
Kq(Droop)
Tb(Derivation Time)
s%
5.00
2.00
1.00
3.00
4.00
0.01
20.00
15.005.00
0.01
10.00
175
150
125100
75
50
25
0 200
15
20
10
50
-5
-10
-15
-20
20.0 1.00
0.0 0.35
Close
- Tune \ PF/Var/PQ Limiter - Tune \ Manual/Ie Limiter
Vp(Proportional Gain)
Ta(Integration Time)
s
20.00
15.005.00
0.01
10.00
175
150
125100
75
50
25
0 200
20.0 1.00
Close
Document number Lang. Rev. ind. Page
ABB Switzerland Ltd 3BHS124245 E80 en - 53
4.2.4 Save parameter file PC UN 1000
Write Parametersto EEPROM
PCTools
ON LINE
OFF LINESave Parameter FileOpen Parameter File
Parameters
RAM
Parameters
EEPROM
LED lights up, if data RAM = EEPROM (ON LINE)EEPROM
Harddisk
• Status ON-LINE
After switching from OFF LINE to ON LINE, PCTools reads the parameters from the device‘s RAM. Now, all parameter changes carried out using PCTools are written directly into the device‘s RAM. - Write Parameters to EEPROM: The parameters in the RAM are stored in the device. - Save Parameter File: The parameters are saved onto the hard disk as an INI file. - Open Parameter File: The INI file is loaded into PCTools and the RAM is overwritten
again. Caution: The old parameter file is immediately overwritten in the RAM!
• Status OFF-LINE Any parameter changes carried out in PCTools are not transferred into the device. - Write Parameters to EEPROM: No effect, since there is no communication between PCTools and
the device. - Save Parameter File: The parameters are saved onto the hard disk as an INI file. - Open Parameter File: The INI file is only loaded into PCTools.
Caution: If you now switch to ON-LINE, PCTools loads the old data from the RAM again!
• Editing the Parameter file:
The INI file can be opened using an editor (Word, Note- or Wordpad) or by double-clicking on the filename and the parameters can be edited directly and printed out.
Caution When entering the parameters, it should be ensured that the permissible ranges of
values are not exceeded and that the specified syntax is observed.
If the parameters in *.ini file are not correct, serious damage can be caused on the plant!
Document number Lang. Rev. ind. Page
ABB Switzerland Ltd 3BHS124245 E80 en - 54
4.2.5 Evaluation of the waveform The curves for the current and stored data can be viewed using the oscilloscope, PQ diagram and the instruments. (Monitor toolbar)
File Edit Start
0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0 45.0 50.0
time / s
Channel 1
Channel 2
Channel 3
Channel 4Gen. State
/div0.0
2.0
Combined Limit
/div0.01.0
Iq Relative
%/divHz0.0
100.0
UM Relative
%/div
%0.050.0
sBuffer Length
Channel 3 Channel 3A B
0.0 %24.0 s
dt = 10.3 s1/dt = 0.097Hz
50.0
0.0 %34.3 s
1
2
3
4
1
2
4
3A B
Sweep Buffer
Cursors A, B
Freeze Waveform
125
100
75
50
25
0-300 -275 -250 -225 -200 -175 -150 -125 -100 -75 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100
x
x
x
x
x
PQ Limiter is active
limiter characteristics100
75
50
25
0
Close
5025
75
0
100125
150
[%]
Measurements+
Close
106.7
1.067
Machine Voltage [UM]
[kV]
Zoom
• Status OFF LINE
File \ Open Waveform: Open stored waveform file. Edit \ Cursors: Assign channel with buttons A and B, use left mouse button to drag cursor A to the desired point on the signal curve. The measured values can be measured on the oscilloscope, instruments or PQ diagram.
Edit \ Sweep Buffer: The curves are run through from cursor point A using the scanning bar. • Status ON LINE
Start: The recording of the waveform is started. Freeze Waveform: The recording is stopped. File \ Save Waveform: Save waveform. File \ Save Setup: Save oscilloscope settings.
− The window in "Tune“ can also be opened to set the regulators. − The setpoint step is simulated in "Tune Setpoint Adjust“. − The buffer length can be adjusted from 1 s, 2 s, 5 s, 20 s, 50 s to 100 s. − The time scale can be adjusted in the bar above the waveform (Zoom).
Document number Lang. Rev. ind. Page
ABB Switzerland Ltd 3BHS124245 E80 en - 55
Monitor \ oscilloscope, status display There are 3 quasi analogue signals which can be used to represent status changes on the oscilloscope. Decoding of the signals Generator State, Mode and Combined Limit.
Generator StateModeCombined Limit-------------PWMIeUM Relative
f MachineP RelativeQ RelativecosphiIq Relative
SlipUNetRelative
IM2 Relative
UM StepPF StepVar StepIe Step
Angle
signal value state Generator State: 0 = Idle (NoLoad) 1 = Change NoLoad -> Net1 2 = Net 1 3 = Change Net1 <-> Net2 4 = Net 2 5 = Change Net2 -> NoLoad 6 = Net1 or Net2 -> Grid ON 7 = Grid ON => see channel 4, picture previous page 8 = Grid ON -> Net1 or Net2 Mode: 0 = Auto 1 = Var 2 = PF 3 = Manual 4 = Open Loop 5 = VDC 6 = Sync 7 = Standby Combined Limit: 0 = None 1 = Ie Min 2 = UM Min 3 = PQ Min => see channel 3, picture previous page 4 = Ie Max 5 = UM Max +8 = V/Hz *)
*) Each time a limiter is tripped, the V/Hz-Limiter can also occur and be displayed in the status signal of
the limiters. All other collective signals only allow one display . Summary of the limiter status:
NoneIe Min
PQ MinUM Min
Ie MaxUM Max
V/Hz
1.0
Combined Limit
+82.03.04.05.0
8.09.0
10.011.0
Ie Min +V/HzUM MinPQ MinIe MaxUM Max
+V/Hz
+V/Hz+V/Hz
+V/Hz12.013.0
1.0/div
+8
s
Document number Lang. Rev. ind. Page
ABB Switzerland Ltd 3BHS124245 E80 en - 56
4.2.6 Error message • Error message during the reading of the parameters The following message appears if the connection is interrupted during the reading of the parameters.
PCTools
File Monitor CommunicationSetup Tune
+
Help
ON LINE
Reading Parameters from AVR
100.0% Ready
Cancel
Error 0 occurred at Time Out.
Continue
+
Possible reasons:
FieldPoint: IAK operation was successful.orIA Servers: IAK operation was successful.orNI-488: Error connecting to driver or device.
− Acknowledge by clicking on the Continue button. − Check connection between PC and device and click OFF LINE button again. • Error message at assigning of the digital input with the signal Synchronize The Error message appears, when the relevant unit does not include the option Synchronization.
OK
+
Synchronization is not possible with this unit
Note You can ask for information directly from the manufacturer, in case the option
„Synchronization“ is required to this unit. See manufacturer’s details in section 1.3.
Document number Lang. Rev. ind. Page
ABB Switzerland Ltd 3BHS124245 E80 en - 57
5 COMMISSIONING
5.1 Safety regulations
UNITROL 1000 units operate with dangerous voltages of up to 250 V AC. Manipulation of live parts can lead to death or injury to the persons involved or damage to the surroundings. Possible risks are largely excluded if the unit is handled properly in accordance with these instructions.
All relevant regulations must be complied with during commissioning. It is essential that these safety regulations are read before starting any work on the UNITROL 1000 equipment.
After the unit has been switched off, it must be ensured by measurement that no measuring voltages or control voltages >50 V are present at the terminals. At an interrupted field circuit the input capacitor is slowly discharged through internal circuits. In order to prevent unintentional closing of open voltage circuits by third parties, the circuits in question should be identified at the point of interruption (e.g. by means of a warning sign).
If work is being carried out in the vicinity of the UNITROL 1000, all voltages greater than 50 V leading to the system must be switched off.
Caution Before switching on, always check whether the connection terminals are wired up
according to the plant schematic.
Document number Lang. Rev. ind. Page
ABB Switzerland Ltd 3BHS124245 E80 en - 58
5.2 Setting aids At the first commissioning all parameters have to be controlled. For this see description of the parameters in section 2.2.2 and settings recorded in section 7.3. Overview of parameter blocks • Setup: - System Data - Field Flashing - Soft Start - Limiters
- Synchronization - Setpoints
- Voltage Droop Compensation Control - Digital I/O
- Analog I/O • Tune: Controller • Communication: ID unit number. Setting aids • Setup \ System Data, Ceiling Factor Kceil
UeoUeKceil
max=
Uemax: maximum output voltage Ueo: output voltage at nominal voltage of the machine (machine in no-load operation)
Regulator
ESM
U PWR
U emax
U eo
Definition: The ceiling factor Kceil determines the relationship between the maximum output voltage of the regulator and the exciter voltage which is required for no-load excitation and is thus a measure for the possible overexcitation of the machine. The greater the ceiling factor, the faster the regulator can react drops in the machine voltage and/or reactive power. On the other hand the smaller the ceiling factor, the faster the regulator can react load off.
The ceiling factor is dependent on the available supply voltage UPWR. Power electronics supply: three- phase: Uemax = 1.40 * UPWR – 8 V single-phase: Uemax = 1.25 * UPWR – 8 V DC: Uemax = 0.98 * UPWR – 8 V Example: Specifications: Power electronics supply UPWR = 240 V, single-phase
No-load exciter voltage Ueo = 150 V
Calculation: Uemax = 1.25 * 240 V – 8 V = 292 V Kceil = 292 V/150 V = 1.95 p.u.
Document number Lang. Rev. ind. Page
ABB Switzerland Ltd 3BHS124245 E80 en - 59
• Setup \ System Data, Machine Reactance Xq - Salient pole machine: Xq ≈ 0.7 to 0.5 Xd - Cylindrical-rotor machine (Turbo): Xq ≈ Xd • Setup \ Limiter, Manual und Open Loop
There are no limiters active in the mode Manual and Open loop. • Setup \ Limiter, UM Limiter
The limiting values of the UM limiter are, as a rule, set equally, like the setpoint range of the voltage regulator (Auto mode).
Setpoint Auto UM Limiter Example Minimum = Minimum 90% Maximum = Maximum 110%
• Setup \ Synchronization
Caution The machine frequency has to be always greater than network frequency.
It can not be synchronized by a positive slip.
Document number Lang. Rev. ind. Page
ABB Switzerland Ltd 3BHS124245 E80 en - 60
• Setup \ Digital I/Os, configuration
Software configuration of the digital I/Os: − Check switching threshold of the inputs. Default values apply to internal 24 V supply. − Define terminal as input or output − Assign terminal to desired signal − Select polarity
• Setup \ Analog inputs / outputs, configuration
Software configuration of the analog inputs: − Assign terminal to desired signal − Define signal level of the input signal [Uin0% … Uin100%] − If the input is used as a digital input, the desired signal name is to be assigned in the menu
Digital I/Os.
Software configuration of the analog outputs: − Assign terminal to desired signal − Define signal level of the output signal [Uin0% to Uin100%] − Define signal level of the field current [Ie0% to Ie100%]
• Setup \ Digital I/Os, selection of operating mode
The operating mode is selected via the digital inputs. For this purpose, a maximum of 10 inputs have to be occupied by the following signals:
Mode Digital inputs which are to be assigned
Exc. ON
Stand by
SYN Gen CB Closed Status
Parallel with Grid Status
Manual Enable
Open Loop
Enable
VDC Enable
PF Enable
Var Enable
OFF 0 V X X X X X X X X X Standby 24 V 24 V X X X X X X X X Sync 24 V 0 V 24 V X X X X X X X Manual 24 V 0 V 0 V X X 24 V X X X X Open Loop 24 V 0 V 0 V X X 0 V 24 V X X X VDC 24 V 0 V 0 V 24 V 0 V 0 V 0 V 24 V X X PF 24 V 0 V 0 V 24 V 24 V 0 V 0 V 0 V 24 V X Var 24 V 0 V 0 V 24 V 24 V 0 V 0 V 0 V 0 V 24 V Auto 24 V 0 V 0 V 0 V X 0 V 0 V X X X
with *) 24 V 0 V 0 V 24 V X 0 V 0 V 0 V 0 V 0 V *) with droop or compensation X = not relevant 0 V = 0 V or open Note: If an input is to be continuously active (24 V), then it should only be inverted by software
means. The input then naturally counts as being occupied. The inputs DI9 to DI14 can be used as virtual digital inputs even if they are not defined in Analog Inputs as Digital Inputs.
Document number Lang. Rev. ind. Page
ABB Switzerland Ltd 3BHS124245 E80 en - 61
• Tune \ Setpoint Adjust, Step
Mode Maximum adjustable setpoint jump during 10 s Manual ±5 A Open Loop ±20% PF ±0.2 Var ±50% Auto ±20%
• Tune, Order of priorities
If several operating modes are selected simultaneously by the digital inputs, then the following order of priority applies. This is also shown in the tables Selection of operating mode on the preceding page. (Fields with X = not relevant)
Priority Mode Remark 1. resp. top OFF 2. Standby 3. Sync 4. Manual 5. Open Loop 6. VDC Only active, if Gen CB Closed status is there
and Parallel with Grid status is there 7. PF Only active, if Parallel with Grid status is there 8. Var Only active, if Parallel with Grid status is there 9. resp. lowest Auto active, if no other operation mode is active
• Tune, Auto
The following settings can be pre-set on the basis of the machine data.
Integral time constant Ta This lies within the range of Td‘ of the main machine. Setting: Ta = Td‘
Derivative time constant Tb This approximately compensates the load time constant TE of the exciter machine. Setting: Tb = 0.7 to 1.0 * TE
Proportional gain Vp This most important setting value depends primarily on the controlled system. If the ceiling factor Kceil has been set correctly, values between 10 and 40 should result in stable regulation of the machine.
A default value of 20 is set for the first excitation.
Reactive power influence Kq In the case of machines which, without step-up transformers, are connected with the fixed grid or, via a busbar, with other synchronous machines, it is essential that the droop Kq is set to a negative value of –5 to –20%. A higher negative value makes the machine more independent of voltage fluctuations in the grid; the reactive power output or consumption stabilises. At low negative values, the machine will support the grid or busbar voltage. In the case of machines with step-up transformers, the voltage drop of the transformer can be partly compensated with positive values of Kq.
Example: Step-up transformer Reactance = 12% Compensation Kq = +6%
Document number Lang. Rev. ind. Page
ABB Switzerland Ltd 3BHS124245 E80 en - 62
5.3 Work carried out while machine is at a standstill Preliminary checks: • Wiring check, compare connections with schematic
Caution Unit connection terminal 7 has to be earthed.
Caution Disconnect cables before the meggers (with the insulation tester) on the unit. The unit could be damaged.
• Switch on auxiliary voltage UAUX
• Adjust parameters
• Check measuring voltage and current transformer circuits
• Measure field resistance
• Low-load test: external supply of power electronics (3x <250 V AC) - Open loop mode, polarity
- Optimise Ie regulator • Adjust limiter settings on the basis of customer’s power chart Reminder, generator: short circuit and no-load tests.
5.4 Work carried out while machine is running No-load tests: (nominal speed, not synchronized) • Field flashing, discharge and in Auto and Manual mode
• Soft start in Auto mode
• Adapt setpoint range, optimise voltage regulator
• V/Hz limiter: The actuation point fknee is set to 48 Hz by default
Caution For 60 Hz machines this value must be set to approximately 58 Hz. Reminder, synchronization: First synchronization with voltage regulator.
Document number Lang. Rev. ind. Page
ABB Switzerland Ltd 3BHS124245 E80 en - 63
Tests under load: • Stator current measurement, internal P- and Q-measurement, droop/compensation
Caution The droop/compensation is set to 0% by default. If the machine is paralleled directly with the rigid grid or, via a busbar, with other synchronous machines, it is essential that the droop Kq is set to a value of approx. –10% before the first synchronization. The reactive current must be monitored carefully during the first paralleling. If it increases uncontrollably following the first synchronization, then the current direction of the IM2 measurement is incorrect or the CT phase position is wrong.
• Load rejection overexcited and underexcited
• Optimise Iemin / Iemax Llimiter
• Optimise PQ Limiter
Caution The setting of the PQ limiter must be co-ordinated with the settings of the generator protection. As a rule, the limiter should be set at least 5% lower.
• PF and Var regulator, stability, setpoint range.
Note: To enable correct operation of PQ Limiter, the PF / Var regulator must be tuned, even if these modes are not used.
Document number Lang. Rev. ind. Page
ABB Switzerland Ltd 3BHS124245 E80 en - 64
Synchronization: It is a prerequisite for the correct functioning of the synchronization that the measured machine and network voltages are in phase, display the correct values and are tuned with the circuit breaker closed. • Measurement of the phase angle of the voltages UNET and UM:
Open the isolator, close the circuit breaker (CB) For reasons of safety has to be measured not only in the menu Monitor\Oscilloscope or Monitor\Sync Diagram but also with an oscilloscope.
• „Blind“ synchronization:
Watch the event with synchronoscope (Monitor\Sync Diagram) by disconnected trigger of the circuit breaker.
• „Live“ synchronization: Record the event with synchronoscope
AVR
SM
UNET
UM
CB
UN 1000
Isolator
• About the measurement: Caution In this status, the phase-angle difference must be 0 deg. Otherwise the measuring cable are
incorrectly connected. Incorrect polarity cannot be detected by the UNITROL 1000. There must not occur a phase shift caused by one of the both measuring transformer or by the connection group of a step-up transformer. Paralleling with incorrect polarity can lead to serious damage.
Note: The synchronoscope must stand at „twelve o’clock “. If the synchronoscope stands at „six o’clock“, one voltage is incorrectly connected. In other positions, either measuring is being carried out on incorrect phases or a phase shift caused by the connection group of a step-up transformer has not been compensated. Concluding work: • Saving the parameter and write the parameter settings section 7.3 or printing out the INI file.
The INI file can be opened using an editor (Word, Note- or Wordpad) and printed out.
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6 MAINTENANCE AND FAULTS
6.1 Maintenance When the system is at a standstill, the screwed terminals which can loosen due to vibrations should be checked for tightness. Dusty cooling flanges should also be cleaned.
6.2 Trouble shooting The following instructions are intended to assist in localising a fault within the excitation system as a whole. However, it is not possible to deal with all eventualities in full. If a fault occurs in the unit, then the reserve unit should first be installed and commissioned in accordance with section 5.
List of possible faults
Possible causes Checks, action Machine is not excited • Field circuit interrupted • Field circuit-breaker doesn’t close
− Check wiring for break − Check field circuit-breaker
Shunt: • Field flashing does not work
− Check field flashing circuit
• No electronics supply UAUX − Measure auxiliary supply UAUX − Check for tripped protective circuit-breaker
• No control element supply UPWR − Measure power electronics supply UPWR − Check for tripped protective circuit-breaker
Shunt: • Machine is only excited to the value supplied
by the field flashing • Machine is first excited then discharges again
− Measure auxiliary supply UAUX,
Measure power electronics supply UPWR − Check field flashing Off level − Check operating mode. For field flashing
normally Auto is used − Check field flashing Off level − Check setpoint − Measure power electronics supply UPWR − If all supplies and setpoints are correct change
unit • Setpoint error
− Check operating mode. For field flashing normally Auto is used
− Check setpoint
• Regulator error
− Measure output voltage at terminals 8,9 (Osc.) -> positive
− Measure voltage UPWM (PCTools, Monitor) -> positive rising
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Possible causes Checks, action Overvoltage during build-up • Overvoltage caused by voltage regulator • Field flashing current too high
− Machine voltage UM present − Check system data − Check operating mode. For field flashing
normally Auto is used − Check setpoint − Check thresholds of UM Limiter − Check regulator settings − Check design of the field flashing circuit.
Field flashing should deliver 10 to 15% of the no load excitation current
Machine voltage not stable in no-load operation • Regulator error
− Check operating mode. For field flashing
normally Auto is used − Check setpoints − Check parameters of Auto regulator
• Setpoint error
− Higher, lower inputs unstable − Externally input setpoint unstable
• Control element fault
− Check wiring, loose contact UM, Ie
Parallel operation with grid unstable. Periodic oscillation of reactive and possibly active power • Regulator settings incorrect
Were changes made to the grid configuration? Additional outputs, loads etc. installed? − Yes: re-set regulator − No: check parameters of Auto and PF, Var
regulator
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Possible causes Checks, action Irregular instability, i.e. sporadic over- or underexcitation which is not caused by grid • Droop influence of the voltage regulator
ineffective or Iq measurement defective
− Check droop/compensation setting − Check external current transformer circuit
• Machine within inadmissible operating range (normally protected by limiters)
− Bring machine into normal operating range by adjusting the setpoint.
− Check setting of limiters
• Regulator fault
Measure output voltage at terminals 8,9 (oscillos-cope) Measure voltage UPWM (PCTools, Monitor) − Signals in phase opposition: unit defective − Signals in phase: disturbance possibly caused
by the driving side of the machine or by disturbances from the grid
Operating point cannot be adjusted • Setpoint error
− Check operating mode. For field flashing
normally Auto is used − Check setpoint
• Limiter active
− Bring machine into normal operating range by adjusting the setpoint.
− Check setting of limiters
Excitation with compounding and boost circuit: Excitation is only supplied by the series compounding • No control element voltage • Regulator fault
− Measure power electronics supply UPWR − Check for tripped protective circuit-breaker − Check operating mode. For field flashing
normally Auto is used − Check setpoint − Check parameters of Auto regulator
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Possible causes Checks, action External controls faulty • No external control voltage
− Measure control voltage − check wiring
• No internal control voltages Vdig, Vref
− Measure internal control voltages
• Configuration of the digital or analog inputs or outputs is not correct
− Check configuration
6.3 Repair The unit may not be opened. A defective unit should be sent in for repair. See manufacturer’s details in section 1.3.
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7 APPENDIX
7.1 General Data Ordering information Device designation UNITROL 1000 Order number with Synchronization 3BHE005774 R0004 without Synchronization 3BHE005774 R0003 Mechanical data Weight 5 kg Protection class IP20 Dimensions (LxWxH) 245x190x142 mm Climatic stability Temperature range for operation 0 to 60 °C Temperature range for storage -20 to +75 °C Vibration 2 mm f<15 Hz, 0.7 g f>15 Hz Shock 5 g, 11 ms pulse Electrical data Auxiliary supply UAUX: Maximum power consumption 25 W Power electronics supply UPWR: Frequency DC, 40 to 600 Hz Excitation output IM2: - Maximum continuous current 15 A - Current reduction for ambient temperatures >50 °C 1 A /degree - Overload (maximum 10 s) 30 A DC
- Overload (maximum 4 min) 20 A DC
Frequency range of measuring values UM and IM2 10 to 100 Hz Accuracy: Voltage regulation <0.1% Test voltage: Power electronics supply and auxiliary supply against case 2 kV, 1 min Voltage measurement inputs UM, UNET against case 500 V, 1 min Relevant standards, CE conformity EMC directive: 89/336/EEC Generic emission standard EN 50081-2 (IEC 61000-6-4) Generic immunity standard IEC/EN 61000-6-2 Ordering information connection cable PC to UNITROL 1000 Series standard cable (terminals 2 and 3 crossed) DB9 f/f/ 3 m
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7.2 Settings record for UNITROL 1000 Name and address of customer: ____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
Plant: ____________________________________________________
Order no.: ____________________________________________________
Plant schematic no.: ____________________________________________________ Device identification:
Type plate: ____________________________________________________
Delivery date: ____________________________________________________
Software revision: - Control: ____________________________________________________ - Panel: ____________________________________________________ - PCTools: ____________________________________________________ Remarks: Place and date of commissioning: Name: Company:
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7.3 Parameter settings, default values
Parameter Abbreviation Standard value
Setting range Set Unit
System Data - Nominal voltage of the machine UMNominal 1.000 0.010 to 32.000 kV - Measuring voltage, three- or single-phase PT three-Phase 1-/3-Phase/3-Ph gnd -- - Potential transformer, primary voltage UMPrimary 1.000 0.010 to 32.000 kV - Pot. transformer, secondary voltage 3-Ph 1-Ph 3-Ph gnd
UMSecondary 110.00 60.00 to 250.00 60.00 to 150.00 60.00 to 150.00
V V V
- Nominal machine current IM2Nominal 500 1 to 32000 A - Current transformer primary current IM2Primary 500 1 to 32000 A - Current transformer secondary current IM2Secondary 1.000 0.500 to 1.500 A - No-load current Ie NoLoad 5.0 0 to 10.0 A - Ceiling factor Kceiling 5.00 1.00 to 100.00 p.u. - Machine reactance Xq 1.5 0.20 to 4.00 p.u.
Field Flashing - reached voltage off level Off Level 0.0 0 to 100.0 %
Soft Start - Starting voltage Start Lvl 0.0 0 to 100.0 % - Delay until ramp Hold Time 0.0 0 to 327.0 s - Ramp time Ramp Time 10.0 0 to 327.0 s
Limiters V/Hz Limiter: - Cut-off frequency fknee 48.0 10.0 to 200.0 Hz - Slope Slope 100.0 0 to 327.0 %/fknee
IeMin Limiter: - Minimum limit Minimum 0.0 0 to 15.0 A - Limiter active Active FALSE FALSE / TRUE --
IeMax Limiter: - 1st limit Maximum 30.0 0 to 30.0 A - Delay time Hold Time 10.0 0 to 327.0 s - 2nd limit Delayed 12.0 0 to 20.0 A - Delay time Hold Time 60.0 0 to 327.0 s - Continuous current Continuous 10.0 0 to 15.0 A - Limiter active Active TRUE FALSE / TRUE --
PQ Limiter: - Q Limiter at P = 0% P at 0% -40.0 -400.0 to -0.5 % - Q Limiter at P = 25% P at 25% -35.0 -400.0 to 0 % - Q Limiter at P = 50% P at 50% -30.0 -400.0 to 0 % - Q Limiter at P = 75% P at 75% -25.0 -400.0 to 0 % - Q Limiter at P = 100% P at 100% -20.0 -400.0 to 0 % - Voltage dependency active Volt.Depend TRUE FALSE / TRUE -- - Limiter active Active TRUE FALSE / TRUE --
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Parameter Abbreviation Standard
value Setting range
Set Unit
UM Limiter: - Limiting value minimum machine voltage Minimum 90.0 0 to 150.0 % - Limiting value maximum machine voltage Maximum 110.0 0 to 150.0 % - Limiter low level MinActive TRUE FALSE / TRUE -- - Limiter high level MaxActive TRUE FALSE / TRUE -- Boost: - Minimum machine voltage Threshold 40.0 0 to 100.0 % - Time boost output is active Hold Time 3.0 0 to 32.7 s - Hysteresis Hysteresis 15.0 0 to 100.0 % Synchronization - Minimum slip Minimum Slip 0,00 -1,00 to 0,00 Hz - Maximum slip Maximum Slip -0.40 -1,00 to 0,00 Hz - Maximum voltage difference Max. Delta U 5.00 -10,00 to +10,00 % - Maximum delta angle Max.Delta Angle 10 0 to 72 deg - Total CB closing time Tot.CB Cl. Time 90 0 to 630 ms Range of Setpoints Auto: - Minimum value Minimum 90.0 0 to 150.0 % - Maximum value Maximum 110.0 0 to 150.0 % - Ramp Rate Ramp Rate 0.30 0.01 to 100.00 %/s PF: - Minimum value Minimum -0.8500 -0.2500 to +0.2500 -- - Maximum value Maximum +0.8500 -0.2500 to +0.2500 -- - Ramp Rate Ramp Rate 0.0050 0.0001 to 0.1000 /s Var: - Minimum value Minimum 0.0 -200.0 to +200.0 % - Maximum value Maximum 100.0 -200.0 to +200.0 % - Ramp Rate Ramp Rate 1.00 0.02 to 100.00 %/s Manual: - Minimum value Minimum 0.0 0 to 5.0 A - Maximum value Maximum 15.0 1.0 to 15.0 A - Ramp Rate Ramp Rate 0.25 0.01 to 10.00 A/s Open Loop: - Minimum value Minimum 0.0 0 to 100.0 -- % - Maximum value Maximum 100.0 0 to 100.0 -- % - Ramp Rate Ramp Rate 1.00 0.01 to 80.00 -- %/s UMaux: - Minimum value Minimum -10 -10 to +10 % - Maximum value Maximum +10 -10 to +10 % Voltage Droop Compensation Control - ID-Nr. Primary Net Primary NetID 1 1 to 31 - ID-Nr. Secondary Net Second. NetID 2 1 to 31 - Ramp Time Ramp Time 10.0 0.1 to 60.0 s
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Parameter Abbreviation Standard
value Setting range
Set Unit
Digital I/Os Hysteresis: - Low Level Low Level 4.0 0 to 28.0 V - High Level High Level 10.0 1.0 to 28.0 V
DIO1: - Input or Output Direction Input Input / Output -- - Signal name Din / Dout None Signal name -- - Polarity Polarity Normal Normal / Inverted --
DIO2: - Input or Output Direction Input Input / Output -- - Signal name Din / Dout None Signal name -- - Polarity Polarity Normal Normal / Inverted --
DIO3: - Input or Output Direction Input Input / Output -- - Signal name Din / Dout None Signal name -- - Polarity Polarity Normal Normal / Inverted --
DIO4: - Input or Output Direction Input Input / Output -- - Signal name Din / Dout None Signal name -- - Polarity Polarity Normal Normal / Inverted --
DI5: - Signal name Din None Signal name -- - Polarity Polarity Normal Normal / Inverted --
DI6: - Signal name Din None Signal name -- - Polarity Polarity Normal Normal / Inverted --
DI7: - Signal name Din None Signal name -- - Polarity Polarity Normal Normal / Inverted --
DI8: - Signal name Din None Signal name -- - Polarity Polarity Normal Normal / Inverted --
Assign analog input to digital signal DI9 from +AI1: - Signal name Din None Signal name -- - Polarity Polarity Normal Normal / Inverted --
DI10 from -AI1: - Signal name Din None Signal name -- - Polarity Polarity Normal Normal / Inverted --
DI11 from +AI2: - Signal name Din None Signal name -- - Polarity Polarity Normal Normal / Inverted --
DI12 from –AI2: - Signal name Din None Signal name -- - Polarity Polarity Normal Normal / Inverted --
DI13 from +AI3: - Signal name Din None Signal name -- - Polarity Polarity Normal Normal / Inverted --
DI14 from –AI3: - Signal name Din None Signal name -- - Polarity Polarity Normal Normal / Inverted --
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Parameter Abbreviation Standard
value Setting range
Set Unit
Analog Inputs AI1: - Signal name Ain None Signal name - Input voltage range Low level High Level
Uin0% Uin100%
0.00
+10.00
-10.00 to +10.00 -10.00 to +10.00
V V
AI2: - Signal name Ain None Signal name - Input voltage range Low level High Level
Uin0% Uin100%
0.00
+10.00
-10.00 to +10.00 -10.00 to +10.00
V V
AI3: - Signal name Ain None Signal name - Input voltage range Low level High Level
Uin0% Uin100%
0.00
+10.00
-10.00 to +10.00 -10.00 to +10.00
V V
Analog Outputs AO1: - Signal name Aout None Signal name -- - Output voltage range Ie / PWM Low level High Level
Uout0% Uout100%
0.0
+10.0
-10.0 to +10.0 -10.0 to +10.0
V V
AO2: - Signal name Aout None Signal name -- - Output voltage range Ie / PWM Low level High Level
Uout0% Uout100%
0.0
+10.0
-10.0 to +10.0 -10.0 to +10.0
V V
Ie Range: - Output voltage range Low level High Level
Ie 0% Ie 100%
0.0 15.0
0.0 to 30.0 0.0 to 30.0
A A
Fbias Range: - Offset signal Low level High Level
Fbias 0% Fbias 100%
-3.00 3.00
-3.00 to +3.00 -3.00 to +3.00
Hz Hz
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Parameter Abbreviation Standard
value Setting range
Set Unit
Controller Auto: - Setpoint Setpoint -- Min to Max % - Proportional gain Vp 20 1 to 200 p.u. - Integral time constant Ta 1.00 0.01 to 20.00 s - Derivative time constant Tb 0.35 0.01 to 5.00 s - Reactive current influence Kq 0.00 -20.00 to +20.00 % PF / Var / PQ Limiter: - Setpoint PF Setpoint PF -- Min to Max % - Setpoint Var Setpoint Var -- Min to Max % - Proportional gain Vp 10 0.01 to 200.00 p.u. - Integral time constant Ta 3.00 0.01 to 20.00 S Manual / Ie Limiter: - Setpoint Setpoint -- Min to Max A - Proportional gain Vp 20 1 to 200 p.u. - Integral time constant Ta 1.00 0.01 to 20.00 s Open Loop: Only for commissioning - - - - - Communication ID unit number AVR ID 1 1 to 31 -- Caution Values have to be saved in the unit. • Display: Start menu MAIN, Write EEPROM, OK, OK
• PCTools: - Unit: Menu bar PCTools \ File \ Write Parameters to EEPROM - Harddisk: Menu bar PCTools \ File \ Save Parameter File
• The saved INI file can be opened using an editor (Word, Note- or Wordpad) or by double-clicking on
the filename and the parameters can be directly printed out.
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REVISION
Rev. ind.
Page (P) Chapt. (C)
Description (or number of revision)
Date Dept./Init.