united states summary: 2000 - census

U.S. Department of CommerceEconomics and Statistics AdministrationU.S. CENSUS BUREAU

United States Summary: 2000Population and Housing Unit Counts

PHC-3-1

Issued April 2004

Part 1

2000 Census of Population and Housing

United States Summary: 2000Population and Housing Unit Counts

PHC-3-1

Issued April 2004

Part 1

2000 Census of Population and Housing

Part 1Part 1

U.S. Department of CommerceDonald L. Evans,

SecretarySamuel W. Bodman,

Deputy Secretary

Economics and Statistics AdministrationKathleen B. Cooper,

Under Secretaryfor Economic Affairs

U.S. CENSUS BUREAUCharles Louis Kincannon,

Director

SUGGESTED CITATION

U.S. Census Bureau,2000 Census of

Population and Housing,Population and Housing Unit Counts

PHC-3-1, United States SummaryWashington, DC,

2004

For sale by Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing OfficeInternet: bookstore.gpo.gov; Phone: toll-free 1-866-512-1800; DC area 202-512-1800; Fax: 202-512-2250; Mail: Stop SSOPWashington, DC 20402-0001

Economicsand StatisticsAdministration

Kathleen B. Cooper,Under Secretaryfor Economic Affairs

U.S. CENSUS BUREAU

Charles Louis Kincannon,Director

Hermann Habermann,Deputy Director andChief Operating Officer

Vacant,Principal Associate Directorand Chief Financial Officer

Vacant,Principal AssociateDirector for Programs

Preston Jay Waite,Associate Directorfor Decennial Census

Nancy M. Gordon,Associate Directorfor Demographic Programs

Cynthia Z.F. Clark,Associate Directorfor Methodology andStandards

Marvin D. Raines,Associate Directorfor Field Operations

Arnold A. Jackson,Assistant Directorfor Decennial Census

ECONOMICS

AND STATISTICS

ADMINISTRATION

CONTENTS

List of Statistical Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vHow to Use This Census Report . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I1Apportionment of the U.S. House of Representatives . . . . . . . . . . . . . II1Population and Geographic Centers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . III1Table Finding Guide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IV1User Notes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . V1Statistical Tables (For a detailed list of statistical tables, see page v) . . . . . 1

Appendixes

A Geographic Terms and Concepts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *B Definitions of Subject Characteristics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *C Data Collection and Processing Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *D Questionnaire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *E Data Products and User Assistance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *F Maps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . F1G Accuracy of the Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *H Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *

* Appendix may be found in the separate volume, PHC-3-A, Population andHousing Unit Counts, Selected Appendixes, in print and on the Internet athttp://www.census.gov/prod/cen2000/phc-3-a.pdf.

iiiContents

LIST OFSTATISTICAL

TABLES

Tableno. Title Page

1. Population and Housing Units: 1980 to 2000; and AreaMeasurements: 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Area, U.S. Population Abroad

2. Population, Housing Units, Area Measurements, andDensity: 1790 to 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

United States

3. Apportionment of Membership of the U.S. House ofRepresentatives: 1789 to 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

United States, Region, Division, State

4. Population by Urban and Rural and Size of Place: 2000 . . . . 6United States, Size of Place [Population]

5. Land Area in Square Miles by Urban and Rural and Size ofPlace: 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

United States, Size of Place [Population]

6. Population, Housing Units, and Land Area by Urban andRural and Size of Urban Area: 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

United States, Urban and Rural, Size of Urban Area [Population]

7. Population by Urban and Rural and Size of Place Based onCurrent Urban Definition and 1950-90 Urban Definition:1990 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

United States, Size of Place [Population]

8. Population by Urban and Rural and Size of Place Based on1950-90 Urban Definition: 1950 to 1990; and Pre-1950Urban Definition: 1790 to 1950 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

United States, Urban and Rural, Size of Place [Population]

9. Population Inside and Outside Metropolitan Area by Urbanand Rural: 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

United States, Inside Metropolitan Area, Outside MetropolitanArea, Urban and Rural

10. Land Area in Square Miles Inside and Outside MetropolitanArea by Urban and Rural: 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

United States, Inside Metropolitan Area, Outside MetropolitanArea, Urban and Rural

11. Population: 1790 to 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18United States, Region, Division, State and Puerto Rico

12. Housing Units: 1940 to 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20United States, Region, Division, State and Puerto Rico

13. Decennial Rates of Change in Population: 1790 to 2000 . . . . 22United States, Region, Division, State and Puerto Rico

14. Decennial Rates of Change in Housing Units: 1940 to 2000. . 24United States, Region, Division, State and Puerto Rico

15. Percent Distribution of the Population: 1790 to 2000 . . . . . 26United States, Region, Division, State

vList of Statistical Tables

16. Percent Distribution of Housing Units: 1940 to 2000 . . . . . 28United States, Region, Division, State

17. Area Measurements: 2000; and Population and Housing UnitDensity: 1980 to 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

United States, Region, Division, State and Puerto Rico

18. Population by Urban and Rural: Earliest Census to 2000 . . . 30United States, Region, Division

19. Housing Units by Urban and Rural: 1950 to 2000 . . . . . . . . 35United States, Region, Division

20. Rank by Population, Population Change, Urban, Rural, AreaMeasurements, and Density: 1980 to 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . 38

Region, Division, State

21. Rank by Housing Units, Housing Unit Change, Urban, Rural,Area Measurements, and Density: 1980 to 2000. . . . . . . . 40

Region, Division, State

22. Population and Housing Units: 1960 to 2000 . . . . . . . . . . 42State and Puerto Rico, County

23. Rank of Counties by Population: 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77County

24. Rank of Counties by Housing Units: 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . 88County

25. Number of Counties by Population: 2000. . . . . . . . . . . . . 99United States, Region, Division, State and Puerto Rico

26. Number of Counties by Housing Units: 2000 . . . . . . . . . . 100United States, Region, Division, State and Puerto Rico

27. Number of Counties by Percent of Population That Is Urban:2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101


28. Number of Counties by Percent of Housing Units That IsUrban: 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102


29. Number of Counties by Percent Change in Population: 1990to 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103


30. Number of Counties by Percent Change in Housing Units:1990 to 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104


31. Population and Housing Units: 1980 to 2000; and AreaMeasurements and Density: 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105

State, Place and [in Selected States] County Subdivision [10,000or More Population], Puerto Rico

32. Rank of Places of 100,000 or More by 2000 Population: 1790to 2000; and Number of Housing Units: 1940 to 2000 . . . . 159

Place [100,000 or More Population]

33. Rank of 75 Largest Places by Population: 2000, 1990, 1950,1900, 1850, and 1800; and Number of Housing Units:2000, 1990, and 1950 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168

Place

34. Population and Housing Units: 1980 to 2000; and AreaMeasurements and Density for Metropolitan Areas: 2000 . . 170

United States, Metropolitan Area, Puerto Rico

35. Rank of Metropolitan Areas by Population: 2000; andNumber of Housing Units: 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210

Metropolitan Area

vi List of Statistical Tables

36. Population, Housing Units, Area Measurements, Density, andInside and Outside Metropolitan Area for Urban Areas:2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212

United States, Urbanized Area, Urban Cluster, Puerto Rico

37. Rank of Urbanized Areas by Population: 2000; and Numberof Housing Units: 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 815

Urbanized Area

38. Number and Types of County Subdivisions: 2000. . . . . . . . 818United States, Region, Division, State and Puerto Rico

39. Number and Types of Places: 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 819United States, Region, Division, State and Puerto Rico

viiList of Statistical Tables

How to Use This Census Report

CONTENTSPage

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I1How to Find Geographic Areas and Subject Matter Data. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I2How to Use the Statistical Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I2Graphics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I5User Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I5Appendixes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I5

INTRODUCTION

Data from Census 2000 are presented in three printed report series:

1. PHC-1, Summary Population and Housing Characteristics

2. PHC-2, Summary Social, Economic, and Housing Characteristics

3. PHC-3, Population and Housing Unit Counts

The data from Census 2000 were derived from a limited number of basic questions asked of theentire population and about every housing unit (referred to as the 100-percent questions, foundon the short form), and from additional questions asked of a sample of the population andhousing units (referred to as the sample questions, found on the long form).

The PHC-1, Summary Population and Housing Characteristics, report series provides data basedon the 100-percent questions. The subjects are age, Hispanic or Latino origin, household relation-ship, race, sex, tenure (owner- or renter-occupied), and vacancy characteristics. Land area mea-surements and population density also are provided. This series is similar to the 1990 censusCPH-1 series.

The PHC-2, Summary Social, Economic, and Housing Characteristics, report series providessample data based on both the 100-percent and the sample questions. Sample subjects includeplace of birth; residence in 1995; language; educational attainment and school enrollment; vet-eran status; disability status; employment status; journey to work; work status, earnings, income,and poverty status in 1999; physical housing characteristics; units in structure; fuel and equip-ment characteristics; owner and renter household characteristics, such as year owner moved intounit; home value; contract and gross rent; and mortgage and rental cost characteristics. Thisseries is similar to the 1990 census CPH-5 series.

The PHC-3, Population and Housing Unit Counts, report series provides Census 2000 and histori-cal comparisons of the 100-percent population and housing unit counts. It provides land andwater area measurements, and population density. The user notes section documents geographicchanges over the past decade. This series is similar to the 1990 census CPH-2 series.

In each series, there is one report for each state, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico, plus aUnited States summary report. Many tables in the United States summary reports include data forPuerto Rico.

I1How to Use This Census Report

U.S. Census Bureau, Census 2000

HOW TO FINDGEOGRAPHIC AREASAND SUBJECT MATTERDATA

This report includes a tablefinding guide to assist theuser in locating those sta-tistical tables that containthe desired data. The tablefinding guide lists by geo-graphic area, the subjectsshown in this report. Todetermine which tables inthis report show data for aparticular topic, find thedesired type of geographicarea in the lefthandcolumn of the table findingguide and then look acrossthe columns using theheadings at the top for thedesired subject. Figure I1is an example of a tablefinding guide.

The table finding guidedoes not include cross-classifications of subject-matter items. Additionalinformation to locate datawithin specific reports isprovided in the headnoteat the top of the table find-ing guide and in the foot-notes at the bottom of theguide.

Figure I1.

Table Finding Guide

SUBJECTS BY TYPE OF GEOGRAPHIC AREA AND TABLE NUMBER

The types of geographic areas covered in this report are shown on the side, and subjects areshown at the top. See PHC-3-A, Population and Housing Unit Counts, Selected Appendixes, for adescription of area classifications (Appendix A) and for definitions and explanations of subjectcharacteristics (Appendix B).

Geographic area

Population Housing units

Areamea-sure-ment

Numberof

countysubdivi-sions or

places

Appor-tion-

ment ofHouse

of Rep-resen-tatives

Census2000

Changefrom

Previ- previ-ous ous

cen- cen-suses suses

Per-cent of

totalpopu-lation

Census2000

Changefrom



Per-cent of

totalhous-

ingunits

UNITED STATES

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Urban and rural . . . . . .

By urbanizedarea/urbancluster . . . . . . . . . . .

By in place/not inplace . . . . . . . . . . . .

By size of urban-ized area/urbancluster . . . . . . . . . . .

By size of place. . . .

Number of counties . .

Inside and outsidemetropolitan area . . .

Average per squaremile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

REGION

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Urban and rural . . . . . .Number of counties . .


By 2000 rank . . . . . . . .

DIVISION

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .



By 2000 rank . . . . . . . .

1,2,4,6,9,11,18,

364,6,9,18,36

6,9,36

4,9

64

25,27,29

9,34,36

2,17,34,36

11,18

1825,27,

29

1720

11,18

1825,27,

29

1720

1,2,8,11,18

8,18

8

8

34

2,17

11,18

18

1720

11,18

18

1720

2,13,18 4,6,7,8,15

18 6,8,18

6

7,8

6 8

29

13,18 15

18 1829

20

13,18 15

18 1829

20

1,2,6,12,19,

366,19,36

6,36

6

26,28,30

34

2,17,34,36

12,19

1926,28,

30

1721

12,19

1926,28,

30

1721

1,2,12,19

19

34

2,17

12,19

19

1721

12,19

19

1721

2,14,19

19

30

14,19

1930

21

14,19

1930

21

6,16 1,2,5,6,10,17,

366,19 5,6,10,

36

6 6,10,36

5,10

6 6 5,10

10,34

16 17

19

20,21

16 17

19

20,21

4,5,7,8,9,10,18,

38,394,7,8,

39

4,5,7,9,10

4,5,7,8,

1038

9,10

18,38,39

38

18,38,39

38

3

3

3

HOW TO USE THESTATISTICAL TABLES

Parts of a Statistical Table

The census data included in printed reports are arranged in tables. Each table includes four majorparts: (1) heading, (2) boxhead, (3) stub, and (4) data field. A typical census report table is illus-trated in Figure I2.

The heading consists of the table number, title, and headnote. The table number indicates theposition of the table within the report, while the title is a brief statement indicating the subjectsand time reference of the data presented in the table. The headnote is enclosed in brackets and islocated under the title. It contains statements that qualify, explain, or provide information pertain-ing to the entire table.

The boxhead is under the heading. This portion of the table, which contains the individual columnheads or captions, describes the data in each vertical column. In the boxhead of many tables, aspanner appears across and above two or more column heads or across two or more lower span-ners. The purpose of a spanner is to classify or qualify items below it or separate the table intoidentifiable blocks in terms of major aspects of the data.

I2 How to Use This Census Report


Figure I2. The stub is located atthe left edge of thetable. It includes a list-ing of line or row cap-tions or descriptions.At the top of the stub isthe stubhead. The stub-head is considered tobe an extension of thetable title and usuallyshows generic geo-graphic area designa-tions and restrictions.

In the stub, several fea-tures are used to helpthe user better under-stand the contents ofthe table. Usually, ablock of data lines ispreceded by a side-head. The sidehead,similar to a spanner,describes and classifiesthe stub entries follow-ing it. The use of inden-tation in a stub indi-cates the relationshipof one data line toanother. Indented datalines represent sub-categories that, in mostinstances, sum to atotal. Occasionally

in tables, it is desirable to show one or more single-line subcategories that do not sum to thetotal.

The data field is that part of the statistical table that contains the data. It extends from the bottomof the boxhead to the bottom of the table and from the right of the stub to the right edge of thepage.

Both geographic and subject-matter terms appear in tables. It is important to read the definitionsof the terms used in the tables because census terms often are defined in special ways that reflectthe manner in which the questions were asked and the data were tabulated. Definitions of geo-graphic terms are provided in PHC-3-A, Population and Housing Unit Counts, Selected Appendixes,Appendix A. Census tables often include derived measures such as medians, means, percentages,and ratios. These and other subject-matter terms are defined in Appendix B of the same report.

Symbols and Geographic Abbreviations

The following symbols are used in the tables and explanations of subjects covered in Census2000 reports:

A dash - represents zero or a derived measure that rounds to less than 0.1.

(X) means not applicable. In the 1990 and earlier decennial census reports, three dots ...meant not applicable.

(NA) means not available.



The superscript prefix r indicates that the count has been revised since the publication of the1990 census reports, or that the area was erroneously omitted or not shown in the correct geo-graphic relationship in the 1990 census reports. This symbol appears only in the Census 2000PHC-3, Population and Housing Unit Counts, report series.

A dagger next to the name of a geographic area indicates that there has been a geographicchange (for example, an annexation or detachment, a new incorporation, or a name change)since the information was published for the 1990 census for that area. This symbol appearsonly in the Census 2000 PHC-3, Population and Housing Unit Counts, report series. The geo-graphic change information for the entities in a state is shown in the User Notes section of theCensus 2000 PHC-3 report for that state.

A plus sign + is appended to the lower bound of the highest interval when the median falls inthe upper interval of an open-ended distribution. A minus sign - is appended to the upperbound of the lowest interval when the median falls in the lowest interval of an open-endeddistribution. For more information on medians, see the section on Derived Measures inAppendix B.

A minus sign - preceding a figure denotes decrease. The minus sign appears only in theCensus 2000 PHC-3, Population and Housing Unit Counts, report series.

(U) means the place or place part is composed entirely of urban land area. The (U) appears onlyin the Census 2000 PHC-3, Population and Housing Unit Counts, report series.

(R) means the place or place part is composed entirely of rural land area. The (R) appears only inthe Census 2000 PHC-3, Population and Housing Unit Counts, report series.

(U/R) means the place or place part is composed of both urban land area and rural land area.The (U/R) appears only in the Census 2000 PHC-3, Population and Housing Unit Counts, reportseries.

The following geographic abbreviations and terms may be used in the tables in this report:

A (part) next to the name of a geographic area in a hierarchical presentation indicates that thegeographic entity is located only partially in the superior geographic entity. For example, a(part) next to a place name in a county subdivision-place hierarchy indicates that the place islocated in more than one county subdivision. (Places also may be split by county, congres-sional district, urban/rural, metropolitan area, voting district, and other geographic boundaries,depending on the presentation.) Other geographic entities also can be split by a higher levelentity. The exception is a tabulation block, which is unique within all geographic entities incensus products.

ANVSA is Alaska Native village statistical area.

ANRC is Alaska Native Regional Corporation.

CCD is census county division.

CDP is census designated place.

CMSA is consolidated metropolitan statistical area.

MA is metropolitan area.

MSA is metropolitan statistical area.

OTSA is Oklahoma tribal statistical area.

PMSA is primary metropolitan statistical area.

SDAISA is state designated American Indian statistical area.

TDSA is tribal designated statistical area.

UT is unorganized territory.

I4 How to Use This Census Report


GRAPHICS

Charts, statistical maps, and other graphic summaries are included in some Census 2000 reports.

USER NOTES

User notes include corrections, errata, and related explanatory information. This section appearsdirectly before the statistical tables in census reports. It presents information about unique char-acteristics of the report and changes or corrections made too late to be reflected in the text ortables themselves. However, sometimes this information becomes available too late to bereflected even in the user notes. Census 2000 user updates are available on the Census BureausInternet site at www.census.gov/main/www/cen2000.html. To receive notification of user notes,subscribe to the Census Product Update (http://www.census.gov/mp/www/cpu.html), a biweeklye-mail newsletter available from the Customer Services Center of the Marketing Services Office atthe U.S. Census Bureau, or contact the Customer Services Center directly on 301-763-INFO (4636)or at [email protected].

APPENDIXES

Appendixes A through E, G, and H, described below, are found in the separate printed volume,PHC-3-A, Population and Housing Unit Counts, Selected Appendixes, or on the Internet athttp://www.census.gov/prod/cen2000/phc-3-a.pdf. Appendix F is included in this report.

Appendix A, Geographic Terms and Concepts. Provides definitions of the types of geo-graphic areas and related information used in census products.

Appendix B, Definitions of Subject Characteristics. Contains definitions for the subject-matter terms used in census products, including explanations of derived measures, limitations ofthe data, and comparability with previous censuses. The subjects are listed alphabetically. Popula-tion characteristics are defined first, followed by the definitions of the housing subjects.

Appendix C, Data Collection and Processing Procedures. Explains the enumeration andresidence rules used in counting the population and housing units in the United States and PuertoRico. It also describes the major components of the operational plan for Census 2000, andincludes a glossary of terms.

Appendix D, Questionnaire Facsimile. Presents a facsimile of the Census 2000 question-naire used to collect the data in this report.

Appendix E, Data Products and User Assistance. Summarizes the Census 2000 data prod-ucts by describing the information available in printed reports and through electronic media suchas CD-ROM, DVD, and the Internet. It also describes Census 2000 maps and other geographicproducts, reference materials, and sources of assistance.

Appendix F, Maps. Contains maps depicting the geographic areas shown in this report.

Appendix G, Accuracy of the Data. Provides information on confidentiality of the data, impu-tation of housing unit status and population counts, sources of errors in the data, and editing ofunacceptable data.

Appendix H, Acknowledgments. Lists many of the U.S. Census Bureau staff who participatedin the various activities of Census 2000.



Apportionment of the U.S. House ofRepresentatives

INTRODUCTION

The primary reason for the establishment of the decennial census of population is set forth inArticle I, Section 2, of the U.S. Constitution. The Constitution provides for an enumeration of thepopulation to serve as the basis for the apportionment of seats in the U.S. House of Representa-tives among the states, with the provision that each state must have at least one representative.An apportionment has been made on the basis of each decennial census from 1790 to 2000,except following the 1920 census.

Calculation of a congressional apportionment requires three elements: the apportionment popula-tion of each state, the number of representatives to be allocated among the states, and a methodto use for the calculation.

APPORTIONMENT POPULATION

The apportionment population base always has included those people who have established aresidence in the United States. The first Census Act of 1790 established the concept of usual resi-dence as the main principle in determining where people were to be counted. This concept hasbeen followed in all subsequent censuses and was the guiding principle for Census 2000. (SeeAppendix C, Data Collection and Processing Procedures, for further discussion of the Enumera-tion and Residence Rules for Census 2000. Appendix C may be found in the separate volume,PHC-3-A, Population and Housing Unit Counts, Selected Appendixes, in print and on the U.S. Cen-sus Bureaus Internet Web site at http://www.census.gov/prod/cen2000/phc-3-a.pdf ). Prior to1870, the population base included the total free population of the states, three-fifths of the num-ber of slaves, and excluded American Indians not taxed.

The 14th Amendment, ratified in 1868, removed the fractional count of the number of slaves fromthe procedure. In 1940, it was determined that there were no longer any American Indians whoshould be classed as not taxed (39 Op. Atty.Gen.518 (1940)). In 1970, 1990, and 2000, certainsegments of the overseas population (U.S. Armed Forces personnel, federal civilian employees,and dependents of both groups living with them) were allocated to their home states and includedin the populations of those states for apportionment purposes only. These segments of the over-seas population were not distributed among the political subdivisions of the states, nor includedin other census tabulations or data products.

The Census 2000 apportionment population counts by state are presented in Table A of this text.These counts were transmitted by the Secretary of Commerce to the President on December 28,2000, and from the President to the Congress on January 6, 2001. The population base for theapportionment of each census is shown in Table B. Laws related to the census are codified inTitle 13, U.S. Code.

NUMBER OF REPRESENTATIVES

The Constitution set the number of representatives at 65 from 1787 until the first enumeration in1790. The first apportionment, based on the 1790 census, resulted in 105 members. From 1800through 1840, the number of representatives was determined by the ratio of the number ofpeople each was to represent (fixed ratio), although the way to handle fractional remainderschanged. Therefore, the number of representatives changed with that ratio, as well as with popu-lation growth and the admission of new states.

II1Apportionment of the U.S. House of Representatives


For the 1850 census and later apportionments, the number of seats was determined prior to thefinal apportionment (fixed House size); and thus, the ratio of people each representative was torepresent was the result of the calculations. In 1911, the House size was fixed at 433 with provi-sion for the addition of one seat each for the territories of Arizona and New Mexico should theybecome states (as they did in 1912) (U.S. Statutes at Large, 37 Stat 13, 14 (1911). A house size of433 members was chosen because that was the size at which no state would lose a seat. TheHouse size of 435 members has been unchanged since then, except for a temporary increase to437 at the time of admission of Alaska and Hawaii as states in1959. However, the apportionmentbased on the 1960 census, which took effect for the congressional election in 1962, reverted to435 seats. The representation by state resulting from each apportionment is shown in Table 3.

METHOD OF APPORTIONMENT

It is impossible to attain absolute mathematical equality in terms of the number of people per rep-resentative, or in the share each person has in a representative, when seats are to be apportionedamong states of varying population size and when there must be a whole number of representa-tives per state. Proportional voting (fractional seats) has never been attempted in the U.S. Houseof Representatives. Laws concerning the method of apportionment are codified in Title 2, UnitedStates Code.

Since the first apportionment following the 1790 census, there have been five basic methods usedto apportion the House of Representatives.

1790 to 1830. The Jefferson method of greatest divisors (fixed ratio with rejected fractionalremainders). Under this method, a ratio of people to representatives was selected; the populationof each state was divided by that number of people. The resulting whole number of the quotientwas the number of representatives each state received. Fractional remainders were not consid-ered, no matter how large. Thus, a state with a quotient of 3.99 received three representatives,the same number as a state with a quotient of 3.01. The size of the House of Representatives wasnot predetermined but resulted from the calculation.

1840. The Webster method of major fractions (fixed ratio with retained major fractional remain-ders). This method was applied in the same way as the Jefferson method, except if a fractionalremainder were greater than one-half, another seat would be assigned. Thus a state with a quo-tient of 3.51 received four representatives, while a state with a quotient of 3.49 received three. Inthis method also, the size of the House of Representatives was not predetermined but resultedfrom the calculation.

1850-1900. The Vinton or Hamilton method. This method established a predetermined num-ber of representatives for each apportionment, and divided the population of each state by a ratiodetermined by dividing the apportionment population of the United States by the total number ofrepresentatives. The resulting whole number was assigned to each state, with an additional seatassigned, one at a time, to the states with the largest fractional remainders, up to the predeter-mined size of the House of Representatives. This method was subject to the Alabama paradox,in which a state could receive fewer representatives if the size of the House of Representativeswas increased.

1910, 1930. The method of major fractions. This method assigned seats similarly to the Webstermethod of 1840 by rounding fractional remainders using the arithmetic mean. The ratio wasselected so that the result would be the predetermined size of the House of Representatives. In1910, the House size was fixed at 433, with provision for the addition of one seat each for Ari-zona and New Mexico when they became states.

1940-2000. The Hill method of equal proportions. This method assigns seats similarly to theJefferson and Webster methods, except it rounds fractional remainders of the quotient of the statepopulation divided by the ratio differently. With the method of equal proportions, an additionalseat is assigned if the fraction exceeds the difference obtained by subtracting the integer part ofthe quotient from the geometric mean of this integer and the next consecutive integer. For

II2 Apportionment of the U.S. House of Representatives


example, a state with a quotient of 3.48 receives four representatives, while a state with a quo-tient of 3.45 receives three representatives. During the 1940-2000 period, the size of the Houseof Representatives remained fixed at 435, except when Alaska and Hawaii became states in 1959,there was a temporary addition of one seat for each until the apportionment following the 1960census.

Additional information about apportionment of the U.S. House of Representatives may beobtained from the Chief, Population Division, U.S. Census Bureau, Washington, DC 20233-8800.Information on apportionment is also available on the Census Bureaus Internet Web site athttp://www.census.gov/population/www/censusdata/apportionment.html.



Table A. Apportionment of U.S. House of Representatives and Apportionment PopulationBased on Census 2000

State Number ofrepresentatives

Apportionment population

Resident U.S. overseasTotal population population

United States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Alabama. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Alaska . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Arizona. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Arkansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .California . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Colorado . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Connecticut . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Delaware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .District of Columbia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Florida . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Georgia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Hawaii . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Idaho . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Illinois . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Indiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Iowa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Kansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Kentucky . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Louisiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Maine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Maryland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Massachusetts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Michigan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Minnesota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Mississippi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Missouri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Montana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Nebraska . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Nevada. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .New Hampshire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

New Jersey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .New Mexico . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .New York . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .North Carolina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .North Dakota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Ohio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Oklahoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Oregon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Pennsylvania. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Rhode Island. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

South Carolina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .South Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Tennessee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Texas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Utah . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Vermont . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Washington . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .West Virginia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Wisconsin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Wyoming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

435

7184

53751

(X)25

1322

19954672

81015

8491332

133

2913

118

55

192

619

3231

119381

1281 424 177

4 461 130628 933

5 140 6832 679 733

33 930 7984 311 8823 409 535

785 068(X)

16 028 890

8 206 9751 216 6421 297 274

12 439 0426 090 7822 931 9232 693 8244 049 4314 480 2711 277 731

5 307 8866 355 5689 955 8294 925 6702 852 9275 606 260

905 3161 715 3692 002 0321 238 415

8 424 3541 823 821

19 004 9738 067 673

643 75611 374 5403 458 8193 428 543

12 300 6701 049 662

4 025 061756 874

5 700 03720 903 994

2 236 714609 890

7 100 7025 908 6841 813 0775 371 210

495 304

281 421 906

4 447 100626 932

5 130 6322 673 400

33 871 6484 301 2613 405 565

783 600572 059

15 982 378

8 186 4531 211 5371 293 953

12 419 2936 080 4852 926 3242 688 4184 041 7694 468 9761 274 923

5 296 4866 349 0979 938 4444 919 4792 844 6585 595 211

902 1951 711 2631 998 2571 235 786

8 414 3501 819 046

18 976 4578 049 313

642 20011 353 1403 450 6543 421 399

12 281 0541 048 319

4 012 012754 844

5 689 28320 851 820

2 233 169608 827

7 078 5155 894 1211 808 3445 363 675

493 782

576 367

14 0302 001

10 0516 333

59 15010 621

3 9701 4682 037

46 512

20 5225 1053 321

19 74910 297

5 5995 4067 662

11 2952 808

11 4006 471

17 3856 1918 269

11 0493 1214 1063 7752 629

10 0044 775

28 51618 360

1 55621 400

8 1657 144

19 6161 343

13 0492 030

10 75452 174

3 5451 063

22 18714 563

4 7337 5351 522

1Includes the resident population for the 50 states, as ascertained by Census 2000 under Title 13, U.S. Code, andcounts of overseas U.S. military and federal civilian employees (and their dependents living with them) allocated to theirhome states, as reported to the Census Bureau by the employing federal agencies. The apportionment populationexcludes the resident and overseas population of the District of Columbia.

II4 Apportionment of the U.S. House of Representatives


Table B. Population Base for the Apportionment and Number of RepresentativesApportioned: 1790 to 2000

Census year Apportionmentpopulationbase1

Number ofrepresentatives2

Ratio ofapportionment

population torepresentative

Date ofapportionment

act

2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1990 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1980 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1970 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1960 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1950 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1940 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1930 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19206 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1910 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1900 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1890 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1880 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1870 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1860 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1850 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1840 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1830 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1820 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1810 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1800 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1790 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Constitution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

281 424 177249 022 783225 867 174204 053 025178 559 217

149 895 183131 006 184122 093 455

(X)91 603 772

74 562 60861 908 90649 371 34038 115 64129 550 038

21 766 69115 908 37611 930 9878 972 3966 584 231

4 879 8203 615 823

(X)

435435435435435

435435435435435

386356325292241

234223240213181

141105

65

3646 9524572 466519 235

5469 088410 481

344 587301 164280 675

(X)210 583

193 167173 901151 912130 533122 614

93 02071 33849 71242 12436 377

34 60934 436

1030,000

Nov. 15, 1941Nov. 15, 1941Nov. 15, 1941Nov. 15, 1941Nov. 15, 1941

Nov. 15, 1941Nov. 15, 1941June 18, 1929

(X)Aug. 8, 1911

Jan. 16, 1901Feb. 7, 1891

Feb. 25, 18827Feb. 2, 1872

8May 23, 18509May 23, 1850June 25, 1842May 22, 1832Mar. 7, 1822

Dec. 21, 1811

Jan. 14, 1802Apr. 14, 1792

1789

1Excludes the population of the District of Columbia; the population of the territories; prior to 1940, the number ofAmerican Indians not taxed; and prior to 1870, two-fifths of the slave population. In 2000, 1990, and 1970, includesselected segments of the U.S. overseas population.

2This figure is the actual number of representatives apportioned at the beginning of each decade.3Ratio of resident population to representative in 2000 is 645,632.4Ratio of resident population to representative in 1990 is 570,352.5Ratio of resident population to representative in 1970 is 465,468.6No apportionment was made on the basis of the 1920 census.7Amended by act of May 30, 1872.8Amended by act of March 4, 1862.9Amended by act of July 30, 1852.10 The minimum ratio of population to representative, as stated in Article I, Section 2 of the U.S. Constitution.



Population and Geographic Centers

INTRODUCTION

For Census 2000, the Census Bureau has calculated the mean and median centers of population,as well as the geographic center of area, for the United States. These three centers are measuresof the central tendency or average location of spatial distributions in much the same manner as amean or median provides an average value of a univariate distribution of a populations age, oryears of school completed.

The mean center of population, traditionally referred to as the center of population, is shown forCensus 2000 and for each census since 1790. The median center of population is shown forCensus 2000 and for each census since 1880. The geographic center of area is shown for Census2000. Details of the techniques for deriving each of these centers, as well as calculations of thethree centers in terms of decimals rather than in degrees, may be obtained from the Chief,Geography Division, U.S. Census Bureau, Washington, DC 20233-7400. This information is alsoavailable on the Census Bureaus Internet Web site athttp://www.census.gov/geo/www/cenpop/cntpop2k.html.

MEAN CENTER OF POPULATION

The mean center of population is the point at which an imaginary, flat, weightless, and rigid mapof the United States would balance if weights of identical value were placed on it so that eachweight represented the location of one person on April 1, 2000.

The mean center of population based on Census 2000 results is located at latitude 37 degrees, 41minutes, and 49 seconds North (37 41' 49" N) and longitude 91 degrees, 48 minutes, and 34 sec-onds West (91 48' 34" W), in Phelps County, Missouri. A commemorative marker is located inEdgar Springs, Missouri, 2.8 miles west of the true center. See Table A on page III2 and the mapson pages F9 and F10 in Appendix F.

MEDIAN CENTER OF POPULATION

The median center is located at the intersection of two median lines, a north-south line (a merid-ian of longitude) selected so that half of the Nations population lives east and half lives west of it,and an east-west line (a parallel of latitude) selected so that half of the Nations population livesnorth and half lives south of it.

The Census 2000 median center of population is located at latitude 38 degrees, 45 minutes, and23 seconds North (38 45' 23" N), and longitude 86 degrees, 55 minutes, and 51 seconds West(86 55' 51" W), in Van Buren township, Daviess County, Indiana, about 6.7 miles southeast ofOdon, Indiana. See Table B on page III2 and the maps on pages F9 and F11 in Appendix F.

GEOGRAPHIC CENTER OF AREA

The geographic center of area is the point at which the surface of the United States would balanceif it were a plane of uniform weight per unit of area. That point, approximately 44 degrees, 58minutes, and 1 second North latitude (44 58' 01" N) and103 degrees, 46 minutes, and 1 secondWest longitude (103 46' 01" W) is located West of Castle Rock in Butte County, South Dakota, as ithas been since the 1960 census, after Alaska and Hawaii became states. See the map on page F9in Appendix F.

The geographic center of the conterminous United States (48 states and the District of Columbia)is located near Lebanon in Smith County, Kansas, at approximately 39 degrees, 49 minutes, and59 seconds North latitude (39 49' 59" N) and 98 degrees, 34 minutes, and 59 seconds West longi-tude (98 34' 59" W).

III1Population and Geographic Centers


Table A. Mean Center of Population of the United States: 1790 to 2000

Census year NorthlatitudeWest

longitude Approximate location1

United States:

2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1990 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1980 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1970 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1960 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1950 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Conterminous UnitedStates:2

1950 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1940 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1930 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1920 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1910 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1900 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1890 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1880 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1870 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1860 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1850 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1840 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1830 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1820 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1810 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1800 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1790 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

37 41' 49"37 52' 20"38 08' 13"38 27' 47"38 35' 58"38 48' 15"

38 50' 21"38 56' 54"39 03' 45"39 10' 21"39 10' 12"39 09' 36"39 11' 56"39 04' 08"39 12' 00"39 00' 24"38 59' 00"39 02' 00"

38 57' 54"

39 05' 42"39 11' 30"39 16' 06"

39 16' 30"

91 48' 34"91 12' 55"90 34' 26"89 42' 22"89 12' 35"88 22' 08"

88 09' 33"87 22' 35"87 08' 06"86 43' 15"86 32' 20"85 48' 54"85 32' 53"84 39' 40"83 35' 42"82 48' 48"81 19' 00"80 18' 00"

79 16' 54"

78 33' 00"77 37' 12"76 56' 30"

76 11' 12"

In Phelps County, MO, 2.8 miles east of Edgar Springs, MO.In Crawford County, MO, 10 miles southeast of Steelville, MO.In Jefferson County, MO, 1/4 mile west of DeSoto, MO.In St. Clair County, IL, 5 miles east-southeast of Mascoutah, IL.In Clinton County, IL, 6-1/2 miles northwest of Centralia, IL.In Clay County, IL, 3 miles northeast of Louisville, IL.

In Richland County, IL, 8 miles north-northwest of Olney, IL.In Sullivan County, IN, 2 miles southeast by east of Carlisle, IN.In Green County, IN, 3 miles northeast of Linton, IN.In Owen County, IN, 8 miles south-southeast of Spencer, IN.In Monroe County, IN, in the city of Bloomington, IN.In Bartholomew County, IN, 6 miles southeast of Columbus, IN.In Decatur County, IN, 20 miles east of Columbus, IN.In Boone County, KY, 8 miles west by south of Cincinnati, OH.In Highland County, OH, 48 miles east by north of Cincinnati, OH.In Pike County, OH, 20 miles south by east of Chillicothe, OH.

3In Wirt County, WV, 23 miles southeast of Parkersburg, WV.In Upshur County, WV, 16 miles south of Clarksburg, WV. Upshur

County was formed from parts of Barbour, Lewis, and RandolphCounties in 1851.3

In Grant County, WV, 19 miles west-southwest of Moorefield, WV. GrantCounty was formed from part of Hardy County in 1866.3

3In Hardy County, WV, 16 miles east of Moorefield, WV.In Loudoun County, VA, 40 miles northwest by west of Washington, DC.In Howard County, MD, 18 miles west of Baltimore, MD. Howard

County was formed from part of Anne Arundel County in 1851.In Kent County, MD, 23 miles east of Baltimore, MD.

1Place names are in terms of 2000 and may not have existed at time of the recorded census.2Conterminous United States excludes Alaska and Hawaii.3West Virginia was set off from Virginia, Dec. 31, 1862, and admitted as a state June 20, 1863.

Table B. Median Center of Population of the United States: 1880 to 2000

Census year NorthlatitudeWest

longitude Approximate location1

United States:

2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1990 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1980 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1970 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1960 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1950 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Conterminous UnitedStates:2

1950 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1940 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1930 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1920 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1910 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1900 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1890 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1880 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

38 45' 23"38 57' 55"39 19' 00"39 47' 43"39 56' 25"40 00' 12"

40 00' 12"40 04' 18"40 11' 52"40 11' 52"40 07' 33"40 03' 32"40 02' 51"39 57' 00"

86 55' 51"86 31' 53"86 08' 15"85 31' 43"85 17' 00"85 02' 21"

84 56' 51"84 40 11"84 36' 35"84 44' 00"85 02' 00"84 49' 01"84 40' 01"84 07' 12"

In Daviess County, IN, 6.7 miles southeast of Odon, IN.In Lawrence County, IN, 5.1 miles north of Oolitic, IN.In Brown County, IN, 2.8 miles southwest of Princes Lakes, IN.In Henry County, IN, 4.7 miles northeast of Carthage, IN.In Henry County, IN, 4.5 miles east-northeast of New Castle, IN.In Wayne County, IN, 2.8 miles northeast of Economy, IN.

In Wayne County, IN, 3.2 miles south of Lynn, IN.In Darke County, OH, 3.5 miles southwest of Greenville, OH.In Darke County, OH, 1.9 miles southeast of Ansonia, OH.In Darke County, OH, 3.3 miles east of Union City, OH.In Randolph County, IN, 4.4 miles southwest of Winchester, IN.In Randolph County, IN, 6.7 miles east of Lynn, IN.In Darke County, OH, 1.8 miles north of Wayne Lakes, OH.In Miami County, OH, 3.5 miles east-southeast of Tipp City, OH.

1Place names are in terms of 2000 and may not have existed at time of the recorded census.2Conterminous United States excludes Alaska and Hawaii.

III2 Population and Geographic Centers


Table Finding Guide

SUBJECTS BY TYPE OF GEOGRAPHIC AREA AND TABLE NUMBER

The types of geographic areas covered in this report are shown on the side, and subjects are shown atthe top. See PHC-3-A, Population and Housing Unit Counts, Selected Appendixes, for a description ofarea classifications (Appendix A) and for definitions and explanations of subject characteristics(Appendix B).

Geographic area

Population Housing units

Areamea-sure-ment

Numberof

countysubdivi-sions or

places

Appor-tionment

ofHouse

of Rep-resenta-

tivesCensus

2000

Changefrom



Percentof total

popula-tion

Census2000

Changefrom



Percentof totalhous-

ingunits

UNITED STATES

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Urban and rural . . . . . .

By urbanizedarea/urbancluster . . . . . . . . . . .

By in place/not inplace . . . . . . . . . . . .

By size of urban-ized area/urbancluster . . . . . . . . . . .

By size of place. . . .

Number of counties . .

Inside and outsidemetropolitan area . . .


REGION

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .



By 2000 rank . . . . . . . .

DIVISION

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .



By 2000 rank . . . . . . . .

1,2,4,6,9,11,18,

364,6,9,18,36

6,9,36

4,9

64

25,27,29

9,34,36

2,17,34,36

11,18

1825,27,

29

1720

11,18

1825,27,

29

1720

1,2,8,11,18

8,18

8

8

34

2,17

11,18

18

1720

11,18

18

1720

2,13,18

18

29

13,18

1829

20

13,18

1829

20

4,6,7,8,15

6,8,18

6

7,8

68

15

18

15

18

1,2,6,12,19,

366,19,36

6,36

6

26,28,30

34

2,17,34,36

12,19

1926,28,

30

1721

12,19

1926,28,

30

1721

1,2,12,19

19

34

2,17

12,19

19

1721

12,19

19

1721

2,14,19

19

30

14,19

1930

21

14,19

1930

21

6,16

6,19

6

6

16

19

16

19

1,2,5,6,10,17,

365,6,10,

36

6,10,36

5,10

65,10

10,34

17

20,21

17

20,21

4,5,7,8,9,10,18,

38,394,7,8,

39

4,5,7,9,10

4,5,7,8,

1038

9,10

18,38,39

38

18,38,39

38

3

3

3

IV1Table Finding Guide

U.S. Census Bureau

Population Housing unitsAppor-

Change Change Number tionmentfrom from Percent of of

Geographic area Previ- previ- Percent Previ- previ- of total Area county Houseous ous of total ous ous hous- mea- subdivi- of Rep-

Census cen- cen- popula- Census cen- cen- ing sure- sions or resenta-2000 suses suses tion 2000 suses suses units ment places tives

STATE1

By region and divi-sion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 11 13 15 12 12 14 16 17 38,39 3

Alphabetically. . . . . . . . 22,31 22,31 22,31 22,31 31 Number of counties . . 25,27, 29 26,28, 30 38

29 30Average per square

mile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,31 17 17,31 17 By 2000 rank . . . . . . . . 20 20 20 21 21 21 20,21

COUNTY2

Alphabetically bystate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 22 22 22

By 2000 rank . . . . . . . . 23 24

COUNTY SUB-DIVISION/PLACE3

Alphabetically bystate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 31 31 31 31

Average per squaremile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 31

By 2000 rank . . . . . . . . 32,33 32,33 32,33 32,33

METROPOLITANAREA

Total and geographiccomponents . . . . . . . . 34 34 34 34 34


By 2000 rank . . . . . . . . 35 35

URBANIZED AREA/URBAN CLUSTER

Total and geographiccomponents . . . . . . . . 36 36 36


By 2000 rank . . . . . . . . 37 37

PUERTO RICO

Total and geographiccomponents . . . . . . . . 1,11,22, 1,11,22, 13 1,12,22, 1,12,22, 14 1,17,31, 38,39

31,34, 31,34 31,34, 31,34 34,3636 36

Number of municipios. 25,27, 29 26,28, 30 38 29 30

Average per squaremile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,31, 17 17,31, 17

34 34By 2000 rank . . . . . . . . 23,32, 32,33 24,32, 32,33

33,35, 33,35,37 37

ISLAND AREAS . . . . . 1 1 1 1 1

U.S. POPULATIONABROAD . . . . . . . . . . 1 1

1State or District of Columbia, or Puerto Rico.2Parish in Louisiana; city and borough, municipality, borough, or census area in Alaska; and municipio in Puerto

Rico; in Maryland, Missouri, Nevada, and Virginia, one or more cities are independent of counties and are treated asstatistical equivalents of counties; the entire District of Columbia, which has no counties, is treated as a county equiva-lent.

3County subdivisions within the state are shown alphabetically with places for the following 12 states: Connecticut,Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Ver-mont, and Wisconsin.

IV2 Table Finding Guide

U.S. Census Bureau

User Notes

Additional information concerning this Census 2000 product may become available after thisreport is published. This information, called Notes and Errata, is available in portable documentformat (PDF) on the U.S. Census Bureaus Internet site athttp://www.census.gov/main/www/cen2000.html. To receive notification of user notes, subscribeto the Census Product Update (http://www.census.gov/mp/www/cpu.html), a biweekly e-mailnewsletter available from the Customer Service Center of the Marketing Services Office at the U.S.Census Bureau, or contact the Customer Services Center directly on 301-763-INFO (4636) or [email protected].

GENERAL NOTES

User Note 1

The user should be aware that there are limitations to many of these data. Please refer to the textprovided with this report for further explanation of the limitations of the data. The population andother data shown for Census 2000 in this report are as of April 1, 2000; the boundaries used forall geographic entities are as of January 1, 2000. All boundaries are intended for Census Bureaustatistical data collection and presentation only; their depiction and designation for statistical pur-poses do not constitute a determination of jurisdictional authority or entitlement. Corrections tothe Census 2000 data as a result of certified Count Question Review changes are available fromthe Census Bureaus Internet site at: www.census.gov/prod/cen2000/notes/errata.pdf.

User Note 2

Data comparability for county subdivisions is shown only when the county subdivision containssubstantially the same territory as reported for the 1990 census (generally defined as at least80 percent of the previous territory) unless the county subdivision is also a place. There is nocomparability provided for county subdivisions that have been extensively revised. Revised enti-ties are noted by and within county or independent city. Changes to a geographic entity can bethe result of legal change actions, statistical redefinition, correction of previous boundary or draft-ing errors, or new erroneous information.

Incorporated place and census designated place (CDP) comparability is provided for all places thatretained their name or general area without regard to the amount of territorial change betweencensuses. Place comparability is not shown if the entity is new for Census 2000 (includingchanges from a CDP to a legally incorporated place and vice versa) or is the result of a merger thatcreated an entirely new entity, or if a Census 2000 CDP contains less than 50 percent of the terri-tory of a 1990 census CDP.

GEOGRAPHIC CHANGE NOTES

The Geographic Change Notes for the entities in a state are shown in the User Notes section ofthe Census 2000 PHC-3, Population and Housing Unit Counts, report for that state. The geo-graphic change information documents high-level geographic entitiescounties, county subdivi-sions, and placesthat are different from the information reported in the 1990 census. The notesidentify geographic entities whose name and/or boundary have changed, entities that no longerexist, newly established entities (both legal and statistical), and changes in geographic relation-ships, such as places that exist in one county and have expanded into or withdrawn from anothercounty (the notes do not identify the other county(ies) in which the entity exists; this can be deter-mined from the table listing all places in the state reports) and places that have become indepen-dent of or dependent within one or more county subdivisions. The changes are reported by andwithin county.

V1User Notes


USER NOTES BY TABLE

Table 1

Puerto Rico was ceded to the United States by Spain in 1898. On July 25, 1952, pursuant to actsof Congress, it achieved the political status of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico.

The area measurements for the U.S. minor outlying islands are approximate. The U.S. minor outly-ing islands of Baker, Howland and Jarvis Islands; Kingman Reef; Navassa Island; and Palmyra Atollwere shown as Other in 1980.

The Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands (TTPI), administered since its establishment on July 8,1947, by the United States under the United Nations Trusteeship system, is not included in thistable. The Northern Mariana Islands (NMI) was first reported separately in 1980, subsequent toNMIs adoption of its own constitution on January 9, 1978; however, it legally still constituted theMariana Islands District of the TTPI at the time of the 1980 census. By Presidential proclamationon November 3, 1986, the NMI obtained commonwealth status, and the Federated States of Micro-nesia (FSM) and the Marshall Islands attained free association with the United States.

Palau, which became a Freely Associated State under a Compact of Free Association with theUnited States effective October 1, 1994, is not included in this table. The 1990 population countof Palau is 15,122; housing units count is 3,312; land area is 177.3 square miles; water area is452.6 square miles; and 1980 population count is 12,116 and housing units count is 2,294.

The U.S. population abroad excludes U.S. citizens temporarily abroad on private business, travel,and so forth. Such persons were enumerated at their usual place of residence in the United Statesas absent members of their own households. Also excludes private, nonfederally affiliated U.S.citizens living abroad for an extended period.

The armed forces data are based on administrative records provided by the Department ofDefense (DOD). Census 2000 data for federal civilian employees and their dependents are basedon administrative records provided by the employing federal agencies. The 1990 data for federalcivilian employees and their dependents are based on administrative records provided by employ-ing federal agencies (including DOD) and survey results provided by DOD. Included in Total, andU.S. population abroad for 1990 are 393,550 overseas civilians and dependents of federalemployees who were not reported separately. The 1980 data were based on administrativerecords provided by the Office of Personnel Management and the Departments of Defense andState.

Table 2

An 1870 population figure including an estimate for the assumed underenumeration in the south-ern states is 39,818,449. The enumerated counts are used in this and subsequent tables becauserevised figures for states, urban-rural residence, etc., are unavailable. On the basis of the revisedfigure, the population increased by 8,375,128, or 26.6 percent, between 1860 and 1870, and by10,370,760, or 26.1 percent, between 1870 and 1880.

1840 and 1830 populations include persons (6,100 in 1840 and 5,318 in 1830) on public ships inthe service of the United States, not credited to any region, division, or state, or distributed byurban or rural residence. These persons are not included in other tables of this report.

Percentage changes are computed on basis of change in data since preceding census date, andperiod covered, therefore, is not always exactly 10 years. Adjustments for differences in censusdates must be made if strictly comparable figures are desired for each decade.

Density figures given for various census years represent the area within the boundaries of theUnited States, which was under the jurisdiction of the United States on the date in question,including in some cases considerable areas not then organized or settled and not covered by thecensus. In 1870, for example, Alaska was not covered by the census.

V2 User Notes


Table 3

As required by the U.S. Supreme Court ruling (Department of Commerce v. House of Representa-tives, 525 U.S. 316, 119 S. Ct. 765 (1999)), the Census 2000 apportionment population counts donot reflect the use of statistical sampling to adjust for overcounting or undercounting.

The apportionment since 1940 has been computed in accordance with provisions of Title 2,United States Code, Section 2a. The apportionment for 1920 is the same as that for 1910 sincethere was no reapportionment based on the 1920 census.

Table 7

The significant differences in the number and population of places classified as entirely urban andthose classified as partly urban are the result of changes between the criteria used for the currenturban definition and the 1950-90 urban definition. The current urban definition ignored placeboundaries entirely when defining urban areas, while the 1950-90 urban definition used wholeplaces except in the most exceptional situations. This resulted in far fewer places being classifiedas entirely urban offset by many more places being classified as partly urban. For more informa-tion, refer to the section on Urban and Rural in Appendix A, Geographic Terms and Concepts, inthe separate report, PHC-3-A, Population and Housing Unit Counts, Selected Appendixes.

Table 11

UNITED STATES. Total for 1890 includes population (325,464) of Indian Territory and IndianReservations specially enumerated in 1890, but not included in general report on population for1890. Totals for 1840 and 1830 exclude persons (6,100 in 1840 and 5,318 in 1830) on publicships in the service of the United States, not credited to any region, division, or state.

ALABAMA. The area of Alabama north of the 31st parallel was part of the original territory of theUnited States. The northern two-thirds were a part of Georgia until 1802. The southern one-thirdof the territory north of the 31st parallel was unorganized until 1798 with the creation of Missis-sippi Territory. The United States claimed the territory south of the 31st parallel as part of theLouisiana Purchase in 1803, but did not formally acquire this territory from Spain until 1812. Ala-bama Territory was organized from the eastern part of Mississippi Territory on March 3, 1817,with generally the same boundary as the present state. Alabama was admitted to the Union onDecember 14, 1819, as the 22nd state.

Although the territory had not yet been legally established, census data for Alabama are availablebeginning with the 1800 census. The 1800 population shown for Alabama is for that portion ofthe present state north of the 31st parallel that was part of Mississippi Territory; it does notinclude population in the area claimed by Georgia. The 1810 population shown is for all of thepresent state north of the 31st parallel. The population of the entire legally established MississippiTerritory (of which the area of Alabama was a part) was 40,352 in 1810 and 8,550 in 1800.

ALASKA. The United States acquired the area of Alaska by purchase from Russia in 1867, withgenerally the same boundary as the present state. The formal boundary between the southeasternportion of Alaska and Canada was settled by treaty in 1903. Alaska Territory was organized onAugust 24, 1912. Alaska was admitted to the Union on January 3, 1959, as the 49th state.

Alaska was not enumerated in the 1870 census even though the area was part of the UnitedStates. Census data for Alaska are available beginning with the 1880 census.

ARIZONA. The United States acquired most of the area of Arizona from Mexico in 1848. TheUnited States acquired additional area, comprising the southern part of Arizona, from Mexico in1853 as part of the Gadsden Purchase. Arizona Territory was organized from the western part ofNew Mexico Territory on February 24, 1863. Part of Arizona Territory north and west of the Colo-rado River was added to the state of Nevada in 1866, resulting in generally the same boundary asthe present state of Arizona. Arizona was admitted to the Union on February 14, 1912, as the48th state.

V3User Notes


Although the territory had not yet been legally established, census data are available for Arizonabeginning with the 1860 census. For an explanation of the revision to the 1860 population of Ari-zona, see Richard L. Forstall, Population of States and Counties of the United States: 1790-1990,Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1996, page 14.

ARKANSAS. The United States acquired the area of Arkansas from France as part of the LouisianaPurchase in 1803. Arkansas Territory (spelled in the enabling act as Arkansaw) was organizedfrom part of Missouri Territory on March 2, 1819, and included the greater part of Oklahoma, westto the 100th meridian. Arkansas Territory was reduced in area in 1824 and 1828 to generallyassume the boundary of the present state. Arkansas was admitted to the Union on June 15, 1836,as the 25th state.

Although the territory had not yet been established, census data are available for Arkansas begin-ning with the 1810 census (as part of Louisiana Territory). The 1810 and 1820 populations forArkansas reflect the 1819 boundary of the territory, which included territory now in the state ofOklahoma. The population of the entire legally established Louisiana Territory (of which the areaof Arkansas was a part) in 1810 was 20,845.

CALIFORNIA. The United States acquired the area of California from Mexico in 1848, with gener-ally the same boundary as the present state. The area of California was never organized as a terri-tory, but was administered from 1848 to statehood by a federal military authority. California wasadmitted to the Union on September 9, 1850, as the 31st state.

Census data for California are available beginning with the 1850 census; however, the data for1850 are incomplete because the questionnaires from Contra Costa and Santa Clara Counties werelost and those for San Francisco County were destroyed by fire. Some missing 1850 data havebeen supplanted by information obtained from a state census in 1852.

COLORADO. The United States acquired the area of Colorado from France as part of the Louisi-ana Purchase in 1803, from territory ceded by Mexico in 1848, and from territory sold to theUnited States by the state of Texas in 1850. Colorado Territory was organized from parts of Kan-sas, Nebraska, New Mexico, and Utah territories on February 28, 1861, with generally the sameboundary as the present state. Colorado was admitted to the Union on August 1, 1876, as the38th state.

Although the territory had not yet been legally established, census data for Colorado are availablebeginning with the 1860 census. The 1860 population shown for Colorado is for the portion ofKansas Territory that was organized as Colorado Territory. The 1860 population shown for Colo-rado excludes an undetermined number enumerated as part of Nebraska and New Mexico territo-ries. The portion of present-day Colorado in Utah Territorythe portion west of the RockyMountainswas not enumerated in 1860. The population of the entire legally established KansasTerritory (of which the enumerated area of Colorado was a part) in 1860 was 141,483.

CONNECTICUT. The area of Connecticut was part of the original territory of the United States. Itwas chartered as a colony in 1662. In 1786, it ceded area to the United States government thatbecame part of the Northwest Territory in 1787, but Connecticut retained the Connecticut West-ern Reserve, a 120-mile strip of territory in present-day northeast Ohio. Connecticut did not cedethis territory until 1800. Connecticut ratified the U.S. Constitution on January 9, 1788; it was thefifth of the original 13 states to join the Union. Its boundary was generally the same as thepresent state (excluding the Connecticut Western Reserve), although the boundary between Con-necticut and Massachusetts was changed slightly in 1804.

Census data for Connecticut are available beginning with the 1790 census.

DELAWARE. The area of Delaware was part of the original territory of the United States. Includedin the grant to William Penn, the Three Lower Counties (Delaware) were annexed as part of thegrant establishing the Province of Pennsylvania in 1683. The counties were granted a separatecharter providing semi-autonomy in 1701, with generally the same boundary as the present state.

V4 User Notes


In 1776, Delaware declared itself a separate government. Delaware ratified the U.S. Constitutionon December 7, 1787; it was the first of the original 13 states to join the Union.

Census data for Delaware are available beginning with the 1790 census.

DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. The area of the District of Columbia was part of the original territoryof the United States. The District of Columbia was formed from territory ceded by Maryland andVirginia in 1788, and was established in accordance with Acts of Congress passed in 1790 and1791. Its boundary, a square ten miles on a side with vertices at the cardinal points to resemble adiamond, was established on March 30, 1791, and included all of the territory within present-dayArlington County, Virginia, and part of Alexandria city, Virginia. The portion south of the PotomacRiver was retroceded to Virginia in 1846.

Census data for the District of Columbia are available beginning with the 1800 census. The popu-lation shown for the District of Columbia from 1800 to 1840 does not include the portion of Vir-ginia legally included in the district at the time of those censuses. The population of the District ofColumbia as legally existent in those censuses is: 43,712 in 1840; 39,834 in 1830; 33,039 in1820; 24,023 in 1810; and 14,093 in 1800. Congress abolished the original county (WashingtonCounty) and incorporated places (Georgetown and Washington cities) in the District of Columbia in1871, but later reestablished the city of Washington. The Census Bureau continued to recognizethe boundaries of the previously existing areas for the 1880 and 1890 censuses. Congress hastreated the District of Columbia as coextensive with Washington city since 1895.

FLORIDA. The United States acquired the area of Florida from Spain in 1819, although the areawas not formally transferred until 1821. Florida Territory was organized on March 30, 1822, withgenerally the same boundary as the present state. Florida was admitted to the Union on March 3,1845, as the 27th state.

Census data for Florida are available beginning with the 1830 census.

GEORGIA. The area of Georgia was part of the original territory of the United States. It was char-tered as a colony in 1732. Georgia ratified the U.S. Constitution on January 2, 1788; it was thefourth of the original 13 states to join the Union. At that time, Georgia included territory thatextended westward to the Mississippi River and now makes up most of Alabama and Mississippi.The territory west of the present state boundary was added to Mississippi Territory when Georgiaceded to the United States its claims to the territory in 1802. As part of this cession, Georgiaobtained part of the South Carolina cession of 1787 from the federal government along its north-ern boundary. These changes left Georgia with generally the same boundary as the present state.

Census data for Georgia are available beginning with the 1790 census. No population wasreported in 1790 for the portion of Georgia now within Alabama and Mississippi. The 1800 popu-lation shown for Georgia includes population in the territory that is now part of Alabama and Mis-sissippi. For an explanation of the revision to the 1810 population of Georgia, see Richard L.Forstall, Population of States and Counties of the United States: 1790-1990, Washington, DC: U.S.Government Printing Office, 1996, page 40.

HAWAII. The United States acquired the area of Hawaii through annexation of the Republic ofHawaii on July 7, 1898. Hawaii was officially organized as a territory of the United States on June14, 1900, with generally the same boundary as the present state. Hawaii was admitted to theUnion on August 21, 1959, as the 50th state.

Census data for Hawaii are available beginning with the 1900 census. The 1910 through 1930populations do not include Midway Islands, and the 1940 population does not include BakerIsland, Canton Island, Enderbury Island, Howland Island, Jarvis Island, Johnston Atoll, and MidwayIslands although these areas were enumerated as part of Hawaii Territory even though not legallypart of the territory. The 1940 population does include Palmyra Atoll (administratively namedPalmyra Island), which was legally part of Hawaii Territory since its organization, but separatedfrom Hawaii upon statehood. (Palmyra Atoll had no population in any other census.) Canton Islandand Enderbury Island are now part of the Republic of Kiribati. The other islands and atolls, whichare under the jurisdiction of the Department of Interior or the Department of Defense, are part ofthe U.S. Minor Outlying Islands.

V5User Notes


For the 1930, 1940, 1950, and 1970 censuses, the population and housing unit data for KalawaoCounty were included in Maui County. The population and housing unit counts for KalawaoCounty shown as Kalawao division (CCD) in 1970 was 172 population and 0 (zero) housing units(there are no housing units because the residents were classified as living in a medical facility).The adjusted population for Maui County (including Kalawao County) in 1970 is 45,984. Thevalidity of the urban population reported in Hawaii for 1900, 1910, and 1920 is limited because aplace population of 2,500 was required to classify territory as urban, and the Census Bureau didnot consistently identify places in Hawaii before 1930.

IDAHO. The United States acquired the area of Idaho through a treaty with Great Britain in 1846.Idaho Territory was organized from parts of Dakota, Nebraska, and Washington territories onMarch 3, 1863, and included parts of present-day Montana and Wyoming. Its area was reduced, in1864 by the organization of Montana Territory and in 1868 by the organization of Wyoming Terri-tory, to generally the same boundary as the present state. Idaho was admitted to the Union onJuly 3, 1890, as the 43rd state.

Census data for Idaho are available beginning with the 1870 census. The portion of YellowstoneNational Park in Idaho was probably enumerated as part of Wyoming from 1880 to 1910. The areawas shown as a separate county equivalent in the census reports for Idaho from 1920 to 1960.The portion of the park in Idaho was legally added to Fremont County before the 1970 census.

ILLINOIS. The area of Illinois was part of the original territory of the United States, being part oflands ceded by four states to the United States and designated in 1787 as the Territory northwestof the River Ohio. Illinois Territory was organized on February 3, 1809, from the western part ofIndiana Territory, and included all of present-day Illinois, most of Wisconsin, the western part ofthe Upper Peninsula of Michigan, and northeastern Minnesota. Illinois was admitted to the Unionon December 3, 1818, as the 21st state, with generally the same boundary as the present state.

Although the territory had not yet been legally established, census data for Illinois are availablebeginning with the 1800 census. The 1810 population is for the entire area of the Illinois Terri-tory, including territory not in the present state. For an explanation of the revision to the 1800population of Illinois, see Richard L. Forstall, Population of States and Counties of the UnitedStates: 1790-1990, Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1996, page 48.

INDIANA. The area of Indiana was part of the original territory of the United States, being part oflands ceded by four states to the United States and designated in 1787 as the Territory northwestof the River Ohio. Indiana Territory was organized on May 7, 1800, from the western part of theNorthwest Territory; it included all of present-day Illinois, nearly all of Indiana and Wisconsin, thewestern part of the Upper Peninsula of Michigan, and northeastern Minnesota. Indiana Territorywas greatly reduced by the organization of Michigan Territory in 1805 and Illinois Territory in1809. Indiana Territory was increased in 1816 by the addition of a strip of land that set the north-ern boundary between Indiana and Michigan territories and was reduced by relinquishing territoryin the Upper Peninsula to Michigan Territory. Indiana was admitted to the Union on June 29, 1816,as the 19th state, with generally the same boundary as the present state.

Although the territory had not yet been legally established, census data for Indiana are availablebeginning with the 1800 census. The 1810 population includes a small population in territorynow within Michigan (most of this area was not enumerated, being primarily unceded AmericanIndian lands). For an explanation of the revision to the 1800 population of Indiana, see Richard L.Forstall, Population of States and Counties of the United States: 1790-1990, Washington, DC: U.S.Government Printing Office, 1996, page 52.

IOWA. The United States acquired the area of Iowa from France in 1803 as part of the LouisianaPurchase. Iowa Territory was organized on June 12, 1838, from part of Wisconsin Territory; itincluded all of present-day Iowa, the eastern part of North Dakota and South Dakota, and thewestern part of Minnesota. Iowa was admitted to the Union on December 28, 1846, as the 29thstate with generally the same boundary as the present state. The remaining part of the territorywas unattached until the organization of Minnesota Territory in 1849. Nebraska and Iowa havemade periodic adjustments to their boundary as the Missouri River has changed its course.

V6 User Notes


Census data for Iowa are available beginning with the 1840 census. The 1840 population includesthe portion of Iowa Territory in present-day Minnesota west of the Mississippi River and a linedrawn from its source northward to the Canadian boundary.

KANSAS. The United States acquired the area of Kansas from France in 1803 as part of the Loui-siana Purchase. Part of the area was subsequently relinquished in a treaty with Spain in 1819, andwas reacquired as part of the annexation of Texas in 1845. Kansas Territory was organized onMay 30, 1854, from Missouri Territory (also identified in some statutes as Indian Country or IndianTerritory), and included part of present-day Colorado. Kansas was admitted to the Union on Janu-ary 29, 1861, as the 34th state, with generally the same boundary as the present state. Theremaining part of the territory was included in Colorado Territory, which was organized inFebruary 1861.

Census data for Kansas are available beginning with the 1860 census. The 1860 populationincludes only the population within the present state boundary; the population for the area thatbecame part of Colorado Territory was assigned to that area even though it was not yet legallyestablished. The population of the entire legally established Kansas Territory in 1860 was141,483.

KENTUCKY. The area of Kentucky was originally part of Virginia within the original United States.Virginia ceded the district of Kentucky to the United States in 1792, and this area was includedbriefly in the Southwest Territory (territory . . . south of the Ohio River). Kentucky was admittedto the Union on June 1, 1792, as the 15th state. Upon resolution of a boundary dispute with Ten-nessee in 1820, Kentucky assumed generally the same boundary as the present state. Kentucky isone of four states that are legally described as a commonwealth.

Although it was still part of Virginia, census data for Kentucky are available separately beginningwith the 1790 census. The population shown for Kentucky in the 1790-1820 censuses is based onthe prese