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United States Sentencing Guideline 2010 Amendments

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Page 1: United States Sentencing Guideline 2010 Amendmentsnce.fd.org/sites/nce.fd.org/files/publications/Sentencing Guidlines Slides.pdfMicrosoft PowerPoint - Ppt0000000.ppt [Read-Only] Author:

United States Sentencing Guideline 2010 Amendments

Page 2: United States Sentencing Guideline 2010 Amendmentsnce.fd.org/sites/nce.fd.org/files/publications/Sentencing Guidlines Slides.pdfMicrosoft PowerPoint - Ppt0000000.ppt [Read-Only] Author:

FY 2009 Within Range Sentences

National 56.8% (59.4 FY 2008)

4th Circuit 62.8% (66.3 FY 2008)  

E.D.N.C. 56.3% (56.2% FY 2008)

Average Length of PrisonDrug trafficking: National 81.2 monthsEDNC 156.3Firearms:  National 91.5EDNC 134.4Pornography/Prostitution:  National 121.2EDNC 258.6

Page 3: United States Sentencing Guideline 2010 Amendmentsnce.fd.org/sites/nce.fd.org/files/publications/Sentencing Guidlines Slides.pdfMicrosoft PowerPoint - Ppt0000000.ppt [Read-Only] Author:

ALTERNATIVES TO INCARCERATION

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Zone Expansion 

Zone C to B for Treatment Alternative

Page 5: United States Sentencing Guideline 2010 Amendmentsnce.fd.org/sites/nce.fd.org/files/publications/Sentencing Guidlines Slides.pdfMicrosoft PowerPoint - Ppt0000000.ppt [Read-Only] Author:

5C1.1 n. 6 and 8D abuser of drugs/alcohol or suffer from a significant mental illness

Defendant’s criminality is related to the treatment problem to be addressed

Consider likelihood of success of program and whether lesser sentence will increase risk to public from further crimes of D

Consider effectiveness of treatment program 

Chapter 5, Part HRevises 4 Policy Statements on Offender Characteristics

Age

Mental and Emotional Conditions

Physical Condition, Including Drug/Alcohol Dependence

Military Service 

Revises Intro Commentary 

Page 6: United States Sentencing Guideline 2010 Amendmentsnce.fd.org/sites/nce.fd.org/files/publications/Sentencing Guidlines Slides.pdfMicrosoft PowerPoint - Ppt0000000.ppt [Read-Only] Author:

5 H1.1  Age

Page 7: United States Sentencing Guideline 2010 Amendmentsnce.fd.org/sites/nce.fd.org/files/publications/Sentencing Guidlines Slides.pdfMicrosoft PowerPoint - Ppt0000000.ppt [Read-Only] Author:

“Recidivism rates decline relatively consistently as age increases.” USSC, Measuring Recividism

Gall (age at time of offense)

Gray, 453 F.3d 1323 (11th Cir. 2006) (

5H1.3 Mental and Emotional Conditions

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5H1.4  Physical Condition, Including Drug/Alcohol Dependence 

Military Service 

Page 9: United States Sentencing Guideline 2010 Amendmentsnce.fd.org/sites/nce.fd.org/files/publications/Sentencing Guidlines Slides.pdfMicrosoft PowerPoint - Ppt0000000.ppt [Read-Only] Author:

Cultural Assimilation

2L1.2, n. 8

Defendant formed cultural ties primarily with the United States from having resided continuously in the United States from childhood

Those ties provided primary motivation for the defendant’s illegal reentry or continued presence in U.S.

Departure not likely to increase risk to public from further crimes of defendant 

Page 10: United States Sentencing Guideline 2010 Amendmentsnce.fd.org/sites/nce.fd.org/files/publications/Sentencing Guidlines Slides.pdfMicrosoft PowerPoint - Ppt0000000.ppt [Read-Only] Author:

1B1.1 – 3 Step Process Sets forth a 3‐step process to arrive at appropriate sentence

Could undermine advisory nature of guidelines

Differs  from process set forth in Rita and Gall

Requires a court to consider a departure when not raised

May cause judges to take more restrictive view of variances under 3553(a)

(1) The court shall determine the kinds of sentences and the guideline range” by following 8 detailed steps and considering the relevant provisions as “appropriate” or “applicable;(2) “The court shall then consider Parts H and K of Chapter 5, Specific Offender Characteristics and Departures, and any other policy statements or commentary in the guidelines that might warrant consideration in imposing sentence:(3) “The court shall then consider the applicable factors in 18 USC 3553(a) taken as a whole. 

3‐step process 

Page 11: United States Sentencing Guideline 2010 Amendmentsnce.fd.org/sites/nce.fd.org/files/publications/Sentencing Guidlines Slides.pdfMicrosoft PowerPoint - Ppt0000000.ppt [Read-Only] Author:

1B1.1 – 3 Step ProcessTension betten 1B1 and 5h on “as a whole” versus emphasis on uniformity

Recency

4A1.1(e)

Page 12: United States Sentencing Guideline 2010 Amendmentsnce.fd.org/sites/nce.fd.org/files/publications/Sentencing Guidlines Slides.pdfMicrosoft PowerPoint - Ppt0000000.ppt [Read-Only] Author:

Hate Crimes

Matthew Shepard & James Byrd, Jr. Hate Crimes Prevention Act created two new offenses:

Appendix A amended to refer 18 U.S.C. 249 offenses to 2H1.1USSG 3A1.1 enhancement in subsection (a) covers crimes motivated by gender identityAppendix A amended to refer 18 U.S.C. 1380 offenses to 2A2.2, 2A2.3, and 2B1.1

Chapter 8 – Sentencing of Organizations

Remediation effortsReasonable steps to remedy harmEnsure compliance & ethics programs effective

Culpability ScoreEffective compliance & ethics program – 3 level decreaseDecrease if organization meets 4 criteria

Direct reporting obligations

Simplification of recommended probation conditions

Page 13: United States Sentencing Guideline 2010 Amendmentsnce.fd.org/sites/nce.fd.org/files/publications/Sentencing Guidlines Slides.pdfMicrosoft PowerPoint - Ppt0000000.ppt [Read-Only] Author:

MiscellaneousSecurity fraud statute to cover commodities fraud

Theft or damage of Cultural Heritage Resources

Unlawful disclosure of information related to social security eligibility

Iodine upgraded to a list I chemical, increases maximum base offense level to 30

ResourcesDetermining Your Client’s Likelihood of Success under Community Supervision and Improving the Odds for a Non‐Prison Sentence, available at fd.org

David Hemingway and Janet Hinton, Departures and Variances, available at fd.org

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Resource

Determining Your Client’s Likelihood of Success under Community Supervision and Improving the Odds for a Non‐Prison Sentence, available at fd.org.

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www.src‐project.org

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Child Porn ScholarshipJesse P. Basbaum, Sentencing for Possession of Child Pornography:  A Failure to Distinguish Voyeurs from Pederasts (publication forthcoming in Hastling L. Jrnl, May)

http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1457197

Juror Views on Just Punishment

James Gwin, Juror Sentiment on Just Punishment:  Do the Federal Sentencing Guidelines Reflect Community Values?, 4 Harvard Law & Policy Rev. 173 (2010)

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Prior Conviction Enhancements in Illegal Reentry Cases

Doug Keller, Why the Prior Conviction Enhancements in Illegal Re‐Entry Cases are Unjust and Unjustified (and Unreasonable too) (forthcoming in 51 Boston College L. Rev. (2010)