UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICEJOHN M. BROWNING, OF OGDEN, UTAH.

FIREARM.

984,519. Specification of Letters Patent. Patented Feb. 14, 1911.

Application filed February 17, 1910. Serial No. 544,400.

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To all whom it may concern:Be it known that I, John M. Browning, a

citizen of the United States, residing in Og-den, in the county of Weber and State ofUtah, have invented certain new and usefulImprovements in Firearms, of which the fol-lowing is a specification, reference being hadto the accompanying drawings, forming apart hereof.The invention relates to automatic firearmsof that description in which the several oper-ations - such as the opening of the breechafter firing a shot, the ejection of the emptycartridge-shell, the cocking of the hammer,the presentation and introduction of a load-ed cartridge to the chamber of the barrel,and the closing and locking of the breech -are automatically effected through or by theenergy of the recoil of the breech-bolt or thatpart which at the time of firing the shotcloses the breech of the barrel, and the in-vention more especially relates to firearms ofthis description in which, in firing, the bar-rel and the breech-bolt are interlocked andrecoil some distance together, and duringthis rearward movement the barrel has an-other movement imparted to it, whereby it isunlocked from the breech-bolt, and after itsrelease the movements of the barrel are ar-rested, while the breech-bolt continues to re-coil until the breech is fully opened, and inwhich during the opening movement of thebreech-bolt energy is stored in a spring, thereaction of which is utilized to effect the re-turn or closing movement of the breech-bolt.It is essential for the proper operation offirearms of this class that the breech-boltand the parts connected and moving with itshould be made as heavy as practicable, sothat it may store a maximum amount of en-ergy in the short time during which on fir-ing the rearward pressure of the powder-gases in the barrel acts upon the breech-boltand initiates its recoil, and so that thebreech-bolt may continue to recoil under itsmomentum alone to complete the opening ofthe breech and the compression of the re-action-spring after the gas–pressure hasceased because relieved by the exit of thebullet from the barrel. On account of thelimited total weight practical for a small-arm, and especially for a pistol, it is neces-sary in order to be able to give a maximumweight to the breech-bolt, that the other partsof the arm, the frame and the barrel, be con-structed as light as possible. This is espe-

cially important regarding the barrel of thisclass of arms, for the additional reason thatat the commencing of the recoil the lightbarrel may readily yield to and move rear-ward with the breech-bolt while it remainsinterlocked therewith, and in order thatwhen unlocked from the breech-bolt, themovements of the barrel may be arrested,without causing by this sudden stopping in-jury to either the barrel or the frame of thearm.

The main object of the present inventionis to produce a firearm of this class which,in order to be specially adapted for the mili-tary service, shall be not only practical, effi-cient and perfectly safe in use, but strongand capable of withstanding the exposureand rough usage of service in the field, andadapted to fire cartridges having bullets oflarge caliber and weight and powerfulcharges of powder; it shall also be very sim-ple in construction so as to be reliable underall conditions of service and not liable to getout of order, inexpensive of manufacture,with a minimum number of parts, andreadily dismounted and cleaned without re-quiring the use of any tools.

Another object of the invention is to pro-duce a firearm of this class in which to in-sure the absolute safety of the user thebreech-slide, comprising the breech-bolt andthe forward extension of the same coveringthe barrel, and the movable abutment inclos-ing the reaction-spring shall be combined inone strong integral whole without a divisionor joint therein and shall be mounted uponthe top of the frame from the front, to beso held and guided in its reciprocation there-on that it can be removed from the frame asone whole only and in the forward directionalone, by which the possibility of any partof the arm being thrown rearward shall bepositively guarded against.

Another object of the invention is to pro-duce a firearm of this class in which thebarrel shall first be seated in the forwardpart of the breech-slide, shall then be mount-ed with the breech-slide upon the framefrom the front, and finally the barrel shallbe securely connected with and movably at-tached to the frame in such a manner thatthe barrel may be at will and readily de-tached and disconnected from the frame, sothat it can be removed from the frame withthe breech-slide in the forward directiononly.

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Another object of the invention is to pro-vide in a firearm of this class a simple butstrong and reliable means of attachment andconnection between the barrel and the frameof the arm, which shall leave the barrelfree to recoil a limited distance interlockedwith the breech-bolt and which shall duringthis rearward movement guide the barreland impart to it at the same time anothermovement by which it will be unlocked fromthe breech-bolt, and which shall at the lastof the return or forward, movement of thebreech-bolt guide the barrel while it ismoved forward by the breech-bolt and im-part to it another movement by which thebarrel and the breech-bolt will be inter-locked when they arrive at the forward fir-ing position; this means of attachment andconnection shall at the same time be themeans which shall positively limit the rear-ward movement of the barrel with thebreech-bolt, arrest the movements of the bar-rel as soon as the same becomes unlockedfrom the breech-bolt, and which shall beadapted in location, form and strength totransmit to the frame the stress due to thesudden arrest of the movements of the bar-rel without injury resulting therefrom toeither the barrel or the frame or to themeans of attachment between the same; suchmeans shall further positively limit and ar-rest the forward or return movement of thebarrel and of the breech-slide when the samearrive at the firing position.

Another object of the invention is to pro-duce a firearm of this class in which, to in-sure absolutely against the dangerous acci-dental firing sometimes liable to occur if thetrigger is pulled after the magazine has beenwithdrawn, in the belief that all cartridgeshave been removed from the arm with themagazine, whereas the loaded cartridge lastfed to the barrel still remains in the cham-ber, the magazine-catch shall not only lockthe magazine in its seat or at will release themagazine, but the catch shall also automati-cally lock the trigger against operationwhenever there is no magazine in the seat,and shall automatically release the triggerwhen a magazine is entered into the seat andis there locked by the catch.

These objects are attained by mechanismof simple and practical construction, whichis perfectly safe, efficient and not liable toget out of order.

Various other features of improvementwill be more particularly referred to here-inafter.

The embodiment of my improvements rep-resented in the accompanying drawings isa magazine-pistol, such as is shown and de-scribed in the United States Patent No.580,924, granted to me April 20th, 1897; butit will be understood that I do not intend torestrict the present invention to a maga-

zine-pistol, nor to any particular kind offirearm, nor to the combination of the sev-eral features in a single firearm.

In the accompanying drawings: Figure 1is a left-hand side elevation of the pistolwith the breech closed. Figs. 2 and 8 arerespectively front and rear end views of thesame. Fig. 4 is a view similar to Fig. 1, butwith the breech-slide in the open rearwardposition, and with the breech-slide and theframe in longitudinal section. Figs. 5 and6 are respectively left and right end viewsof the magazine-catch, detached. Fig. 7 isa top view of the magazine-catch, the adja-cent parts of the frame, magazine and trig-ger being indicated by dotted lines. Figs.7A and 7b are respectively front and rearviews of the magazine-catch detached. Fig.8 is a longitudinal section of the breech-boltdetached, in the horizontal plane throughthe axis of the shell extractor, seen fromabove. Fig. 9 is a front view, Fig. 10 aside view with the forward portion in lon-gitudinal section, and Fig. 11 a bottom viewof the breech-slide, detached. Fig. 12 is afront view, Fig. 13 a side view with the for-ward portion in longitudinal section, andFig. 14 a top view of the frame, detached,the lower portion of the guard and of thegrip being broken away in the front andside views. Figs. 15, 16 and 17 are respec-tively front, side and rear views of the bush-ing h for the front end of the breech-slide,detached. Figs. 18, 19 and 20 are respec-tively front, side and rear views of the plugfor the forward end of the reaction spring,detached. Figs. 21, 22 and 23, are respec-tively side, top and rear views of the com-bined link-pin and breech-slide-stop, de-tached, a portion of the top view beingshown in longitudinal section, to expose toview the small spring-actuated piston seatedtherein.

Similar letters refer to similar partsthroughout the several views.

The three main parts of the pistol repre-sented in the drawings are the frame a, thebarrel b mounted upon the frame for alimited double movement thereon, and thebreech-slide or bolt-carrier c, which slidesrearward and forward upon the frame un-der the action of the recoil and of the re-action-spring. The frame a is straight atthe top and has suitable guides for the re-ciprocating breech-slide c, the rear portionof which forms the breech-bolt c1.

The frame extends downward in form ofthe handle or grip a1 of the arm. In theinterior of the grip a1 is the seat for thedetachable cartridge-magazine, in whichcartridges are held one upon the other upon aspring-follower, by which they are fedupward to the receiver in the frame. Inrear of the grip the hammer and other mem-bers of the firing- and safety-mechanisms are

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arranged, while the trigger in the trigger-guard is located in front of the grip.

All the parts thus far referred to may beand are here shown as of the same construc-tion and mode of operation as fully set forthin the said Patent No. 580,924, and formingno part of the present invention require nofurther description or explanation herein,except so far as certain features will be re-ferred to hereinafter.

The barrel b is attached at its breech onlyto the top of the frame, for this purpose thebarrel having near its rear end where it islargest and strongest a depending lug b1

projecting downward into a central recessa3 of corresponding width in the top of theframe, whereby the breech end of the barrel,when in its place, is guided and its axis isalways kept within the vertical planethrough the axis of the frame. In the lugb1 is a vertical central slot in which the link dis seated and by a pivot-pin attached tothe barrel. The lower part of the link d islarger than the upper, and a second pivot-pin i, considerably larger than the upperone, is fitted transversely through the frameand through the link, and serves to movablyattach the barrel b to the frame a. This at-tachment permits the barrel to swing on thelink d, and to move longitudinally and atthe same time vertically a limited distance,the limit of this double movement in therearward direction is the contact of the rearface of the lug b1 with the rear end of therecess a3 in the frame, and in the forwarddirection the movement is limited by thelower end of the lug b1 coming into contactwith the lower link-pin i at each side of thelink. For this purpose, while the lower andforward face of the lug b1 is parti-circularin form, concentric with the upper pivot-pin which holds the link to the barrel, andof such a radius that this part of the lugclears and freely moves over the lower pivot-pin i which holds the link to the frame,the rear face of the lug b1 is straight, ex-tending vertically down below the center ofthe lower pivot-pin i, and between the rearface and the lower edge of the lug b1 thisextension forms a projection at the bottomof the lug which, coming in contact withthe lower pivot-pin i at the last of the for-ward movement of the barrel, limits thismovement. The forward side of this pro-jection is rounded to correspond with andfit upon the pivot-pin i.

Heretofore in the arms of this class inwhich the barrel is movably attached to theframe and in which the breech-bolt and anintegral forward extension of the same to-gether form the breech-slide, which servesto cover the barrel and to interlock the bar-rel and the breech-bolt in the firing position,an arrangement such as is shown and de-scribed in the patent referred to, No. 580,924,

it was necessary to first mount the barrelupon the frame and attach it thereto, then tomount the breech-slide from the rear uponthe frame and slide it forward over the bar-rel, and finally to securely lock the breech-slide to the frame and connect it with thereaction-spring therein by means of the com-bined slide-lock or key and abutment for thereaction-spring. For ease in assemblingand dismounting it was necessary that thisslide-lock could be readily put in place orremoved. With this arrangement and withthe breech-slide removable rearward fromthe frame, in case the slide-lock had not beenput in place or had not been properly se-cured, it became possible that, on firing thearm, the breech-slide might be thrown rear-ward from the frame. By my improvedconstruction the breech-slide can be mountedupon the frame from the front only and canbe removed in that direction alone, and itcan not under any conditions be thrown fromthe frame to the rear.

The rear part of the breech-slide forms thebreech-bolt c1 and forward of this the breech-slide extends in form of a tube from which apart has been removed opening it at thebottom. At the forward end the breech-slideis closed at the bottom by a second smallertube, which depending downward from itand extending some distance to the rear, withits axis parallel to that of the breech-slide,forms the strong integral front abutment c2,the interior of which is the seat for theforward portion of the reaction-spring. Fromthe abutment c2 rearward, throughout theremaining length of the breech-slide, itssides project downward overlapping thesides of the frame, and are provided withinternal longitudinal grooves and ribs whichinterlock with corresponding ribs andgrooves near the top in the sides of theframe, and serve to secure the breech-slidevertically upon the frame and guide it in itsmovements thereon.

At the front the frame has a semi-tubularextension a2 the axis of which coincides withthe axis of the depending abutment c2 of thebreech-slide when it is mounted upon theframe, and the internal diameter of the ex-tension a2 corresponds with the external di-ameter of the abutment c2, so that the abut-ment will enter into the extension and slidetherein when the breech-slide moves. Atthe rear end of the bore of the extension a2

the front of the top of the frame forms astrong vertical shoulder a4, at each side ofthe recess a3; (see Figs. 12, 13 and 14) thisshoulder stands in the path of the dependingabutment c2 and positively limits the rear-ward movement of the same. As the abut-ment is integral and strongly connected withthe breech-slide, and projects into the planeof the frame, the breech-slide can bemounted upon and removed from the frame

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only from the front and it is positively pre-vented from being thrown rearward from theframe.

The bore of the abutment c2 is such thatthe reaction-spring e can freely move there-in, and the forward portion of the bore isenlarged to admit the plug f which closesthe front of the abutment and incloses theforward end of the reaction-spring e. Therear end of the reaction-spring fits upon aguide-tube g and bears against a collar uponthe same, and the rear end of the guide-tubeg fits into the recess a3 in the front of the topof the frame against the shoulder a4 ofwhich the collar of the guide-tube g bears.

The bore of the abutment c2 is open at thetop, being connected throughout its lengthwith the bore of the breech-slide by a verti-cal passage, (see Figs. 4, 9 and 10). In theforward end of the breech-slide the bushingh is seated, a projecting flange h1 of whichrests against the front of the breech-slideand extends downward to the abutmentwhere a segmental recess h3 in the flange fitsover and receives the reduced end of theplug f projecting from the abutment c2.In rear of the flange a segmental lug h2 pro-jects from the lower surface of the bushingh, at the right side of and at an angle to thevertical plane through the axis of the bush-ing (see Figs. 2, 15, 16 and 17). On enter-ing the bushing in to the breech-slide thebushing is turned on its axis until the lug h2

is centrally under the bushing and entersinto the passage leading from the breech-slide to the abutment, then a segmentalgroove c3, cut in the interior surface of thebreech-slide on the right side at the properdistance rearward and connecting at theright side with the passage, receives the lugh2 when the bushing is fully entered and isturned until the recess h3 in the flange coin-cides with the bore of the abutment c2. Bythis arrangement the lug h2 locks the bush-ing in the breech-slide, the reduced end ofthe plug f standing in the recess h3 in theflange prevents the bushing from beingturned, and the shoulder on the plug fformed by the reduced front end of thesame, is pressed by the reaction-spring eagainst the flange h1, and thereby transmitsthe tension of the compressed-reaction-spring e in forward direction to the bushingh and through it to the breech-slide c. Theflange h1 of the bushing h thus forms thefront abutment for the reaction-spring, andthe bushing h forms the connection betweenthe reaction-spring and the breech-slide.

At the forward end the bushing h fitsclosely upon the forward portion of the bar-rel b, but in rear the bore of the bushing isenlarged so that while the bushing holds themuzzle of the barrel securely in position, itallows the rear end of the barrel to movevertically a limited distance, the barrel turn-

ing during this movement upon its forwardend as upon a fulcrum.

Before the barrel or the breech-slide aremounted upon the frame, the barrel b withthe link d attached thereto in the lug b1, isplaced from the front in the breech-slide,the depending lug and link entering andpassing through the open passage betweenthe breech-slide and the abutment c2, thenthe plug f is placed upon the forward end ofthe reaction-spring e, and fitting firmly uponthe same, the spring and the plug are fromthe front entered into the abutment c2, andthe guide-tube g is placed in the rear end ofthe reaction-spring, then the plug f ispressed back into the abutment and thebushing h is placed upon the barrel and inthe breech-slide and locked in the same ashereinbefore described.

The breech-slide, with the barrel and thereaction-spring contained therein, is thenmounted from the front upon the frame, thelub b1 and link d entering the recess a3, theend of the guide-tube g finding its seat inthe recess, and the link d moving rearwardwith the barrel until the hole in the link forthe lower pivot-pin coincides with the cor-responding hole in the frame, when thepivot-pin i is inserted and pushed into itsplace, thereby securing the barrel to theframe and limiting the movements of thebarrel and of the breech-slide upon theframe in both directions. For easier han-dling the pivot-pin i is provided with a han-dle j which projects at right angle from theend of the pin, and extending rearward restsagainst the left side of the frame a whenthe pin is in its place, (see Figs. 1, 3, 21,22 and 23.)

In order to adapt the handle to be readilymoved upward and downward by the thumbof the hand grasping the grip, the rear endof the handle j carries a projecting thumbpiece j1. A lug j2 projects from the handleinward through an opening in the side ofthe frame into the top of the magazine-seat,this opening in the frame permitting a lim-ited movement vertically to the handle j,for which the pivot-pin i turns in its seat;within the thumb-piece j1 a small piston k1

and spiral spring k2 are secured, (see Figs.21, 22 and 23), while a round stud k projectsfrom the frame at the fear of the handle,the protruding end of the spring-pressedpiston k1 bears against the stud k and yield-ingly holds the handle j in either the raisedor lowered position to which it may bemoved at will by pressure on the thumbpiece. On the outside of the frame above thethumb piece the handle j carries an upwardprojection l, and the breech-slide has a cor-responding recess m in its lower edge, bothprojection and recess being square at therear and inclining at the front.

The inner end of the lug j2 does not inter-

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fere with the passage of the cartridges fromthe magazine to the chamber in the barrel,but when the last cartridge has been fedfrom the magazine, the lug j2 stands in thepath of the spring-follower of the magazine,and when the breech-slide is moved to therear above the empty magazine, the followerwill raise the lug j2 and the handle j andcause the projection l to enter the recess min the breech-slide, thereby locking the samein the open rear position, and serving as anindicator to show that the empty magazinemust be replaced by a charged one before thefiring can be continued. After placing themagazine in the grip the breech-slide is re-leased by depressing the handle j.

A slide-stop actuated by the magazine-fol-lower to arrest the breech-slide in the openposition when the magazine is empty, hasbeen heretofore described and shown in theUnited States Patent No. 708794, granted tome September 9, 1902, but the constructionof the slide-stop as an integral part of thehandle of the pivot-pin securing the barreland the breech slide upon the frame, asherein shown and described, is a novel im-provement which reduces the number ofparts and simplifies the dismounting and as-sembling of the arm.

Upon the inner end the lug j2 of thehandle j carries a slight upward projectionl1 which stands inside of the lower edge ofthe breech-slide, and, with the breech-slideupon the frame, the inner edge of the samelocks the handle j laterally in position on theframe and thus locks the pivot-pin i againstbeing accidentally displaced or removed, toinsure this locking even while the recess min the edge of the breech-slide stands abovethe upward projection l on the thumb-piece,the projection l and the recess m do not ex-tend inward entirely through the edge of thebreech-slide, but an uncut portion of theedge remains forming a partition betweenthe recess m and the interior of the breech-slide, and preventing the projection l1 on thelug j2 from passing outward through therecess.

Some distance in rear of the recess m asecond recess n is cut in the edge of thebreech-slide, less high and shorter than theforward recess m, but cut entirely throughthe edge. The location of this recess n issuch that in the regular operation of thebreech-slide the movement of the same is notarrested when the recess n is above thethumb-piece j1, but the recess is carried be-yond the same in either direction, so that theprojection l is not likely to enter thisrecess, and both ends of the recess n are in-clining, so that, when the breech-slide movesthe projection l will be forced downwardout of the way even in the case it shouldhave partly entered into the recess.

For at will removing the pivot-pin i the

breech-slide is moved rearward until the re-cess n stands above the projection l, thenpressure is applied against the end of thepivot-pin i protruding from the right sideof the frame, and the pin i and handle jwill yield, the lug j2 with the projection l1

upon it will pass outward through the open-ing in the frame and the recess n, until thehandle j has been moved sufficiently awayfrom the side of the frame that it may begrasped and together with the pivot-pin iwithdrawn, after which the breech-slide con-taining the barrel and the reaction-springmay be removed from the frame in the for-ward direction. For replacing the pivot-pini, the breech-slide with the spring and thebarrel, is moved to the position in which therecess n coincides with the opening in theframe, when the pin i may be inserted, thelug j2 entering through the recess n and theopening in the frame.

With the breech closed and the breech-slide and barrel in the forward position,Fig. 1, the link stands upright, the end ofthe lug b1 bears against the pivot-pin i, andthe rear end of the barrel is raised to itshighest position in which the enlarged rearportion of the barrel and two ribs of simi-lar diameter projecting forward of the samefrom the barrel, occupy corresponding re-cesses in the top of the breech-slide and in-terlock the barrel and the breech-slide infiring position, while the muzzle of the bar-rel remains securely supported in the bush-ing h. In this closed firing position the bar-rel is therefore situated not parallel withthe top of the frame and breech-slide, butthe axis of the closed barrel inclines for-ward and downward at a considerable an-gle; however, as both ends of the barrel arefirmly secured in this position, and as onfiring a shot the inertia of the heavy breech-slide and of the barrel delays the rearwardmovement of these parts until after the bul-let has passed from the muzzle of the barrel,the inclined position of the barrel does notaffect the accuracy of the arm. In conse-quence of the depressed position of the muz-zle of the barrel at firing, the front sightupon the breech-slide may be much lowerthan it would have to be if the muzzle wereraised and the barrel were parallel to thebreech-slide. The low front sight is a de-cided advantage in a military pistol, be-cause it facilitates the drawing of the armfrom its holster; whereas a high front sightforms a projection very liable to catch andto interfere with the ready drawing of thepistol. On firing, the breech-slide recoilsand carries the barrel rearward until therear end of the same, swinging rearwardand downward on the link and pivot-pins,becomes unlocked from the breech-slide andits movements are arrested in its lowest rear-ward position by the lug b1 striking the end

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of the recess a3 in the frame, while the breech-slide continues its rearward movement, Fig.4, during which the bushing h slides uponthe forward portion of the barrel.

In rear of the barrel the breech-slideforms the breech-bolt c1 in which the firing-pin o and retractor-spring o1 of usual formare carried. The rear of the firing-pin ois reduced in diameter and a plate p, fittedto slide from below in vertical grooves inthe rear end of the breech-bolt, closes theseat of the firing-pin; the central hole in theplate p loosely fits upon the reduced end ofthe firing pin and allows the same to pro-trude through the plate for receiving theblow of the hammer and transmitting it tothe primer or the cartridge in the barrel.For seating the plate p in the breech-bolt,the firing-pin is pressed forward until itclears and allows the plate p to slide upinto its place, then the spring o1 will pressthe firing-pin rearward until its reducedend enters and protrudes through the holein the plate; by this arrangement the platelocks the firing-pin in the breech-bolt, andthe firing-pin locks the plate in the same.To remove the plate and the firing-pin, thefiring-pin is pressed forward until it clearsthe plate, which is withdrawn, leaving thefiring-pin free for removal. Both theseparts may thus be placed in position or re-moved without the aid of any tools. Thebreech-bolt also carries the extractor z fordrawing the empty cartridge-shell from thechamber of the barrel and carrying it rear-ward until it is ejected through the openingin the breech-slide, in the usual manner. Atthe forward end the extractor z has the usualhook which projects from the breech-boltand is yieldingly held in position to engagethe cartridge which the breech-bolt trans-fers from the magazine to the chamber ofthe barrel; when the breech-bolt moves rear-ward the extractor continues its hold uponthe cartridge-shell until it is ejected.

In order to simplify the extractor and itsattachment to the breech-bolt, the extractorz and its spring are made integral, and it isseated in a hole bored lengthwise entirelythrough the breech-bolt from the rear to thefront, parallel to the axis of the same, at theright side of and slightly below the seat ofthe firing-pin, see Figs. 3, 4 and 8. The rearportion of this hole is increased in size, andthe rear portion of the extractor z, is cylin-drical and fits in this part of the seat, theshoulder formed by the enlargement of theextractor and of the seat serving as a posi-tive stop in forward direction for the ex-tractor in the breech-bolt. As shown inFig. 8, forward of this shoulder the ex-tractor forms a strong curved spring, thetension of which presses its hook at the for-ward end inward toward the center of thebreech-bolt, the elastic portion of the ex-

tractor bearing on the inner side of theseat at the point where it projects from theface of the breech-bolt, and on the outerside of the seat at a place nearer to the en-larged rear portion. At the rear end a seg-ment is removed from the inner side of theextractor to conform to the slot in thebreech-bolt for the hammer in the downposition, and forward of this a vertical re-cess is cut in the inner side of the extractorin which the plate p fits. By this means theplate p not only locks the firing-pin in thebreech-bolt, but it also secures the extractorin the breech-bolt, and on the removal of theplate p the extractor may be placed in itsposition or removed without the aid of anytools.

The hammer q, sear r, safety s, are pivot-ally mounted, in the frame in rear of thegrip, the trigger t is seated in front of thesame and carries a connecting piece t1 totransmit its movement to the sear. In thelower rear portion of the grip the trigger-spring t3, and the sear- and safety-springr2 are arranged, their lower ends seated upona stud a5 projecting from the rear wall ofthe magazine-seat in the grip.

In rear of the springs the grip is closedby the butt-piece u, which slides from belowinto the grip, being guided therein by hav-ing longitudinal ribs fitting in correspond-ing grooves in the sides of the grip, a trans-verse rib u2 projecting from the front ofthe butt-piece rests against the sear-springand holds it and the trigger-spring in place.Within the butt-piece the spiral main-spring v is seated, carrying in each end apiston, the spring and pistons being mov-ably secured in the butt-piece by a smalltransverse pin u3 which projects into thepath of the upper piston v1. At the lowerend a pin u1, fitted transversely through thesides of the grip and the butt-piece, securesthe same in the grip, and the rounded endof the lower piston v2 projects into a cor-respondingly rounded groove in the centerof the pin u1, and yieldingly holds the pinin its place.

The top of the upper piston v1 is concaveor cup-shaped and receives the lower endof the strut q1 the upper end of which ispivotally attached to the hammer q inrear of its pivot; the strut q1 transmits tothe hammer the tension of the main-spring,tending to force the hammer into contactwith the firing-pin, and when the hammer isdismounted, the strut may serve to push thepivot-pins of the other parts out of the frame.

In rear of the hammer and above the butt-piece u, the grip-lever w is secured in thegrip by the pivot-pin w1, and a branch r2

of the divided sear-spring yieldingly holdsthe grip-lever w in the operative position, inwhich its lower portion projects from therear of the grip, and in which a projection

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from the front of the grip-lever w standsin rear of the connecting-piece t1 and locksthe trigger against operation. When thegrip is grasped, as in the act of firing, thegrip-lever is automatically pressed into thegrip, thereby releasing the trigger withoutrequiring attention.

Heretofore in the pistols of this class,when the hammer was cocked ready for firing,and it became necessary to lower the hammerto the safety position without allowing it totouch the firing-pin, it required both handsof the user to accomplish this act, becausethe trigger had to be pulled with the firstfinger of the right hand to release the ham-mer and the grip-lever had simultaneouslyto be pressed into the grip to release thetrigger for operation, to do this requiredthe keeping of the thumb of the right handin a horizontal position on the left side ofthe grip. Therefore it was impracticableto also extend the thumb of the right hand,while this hand pressed in the grip-leverand pulled the trigger, upward so as to restupon the thumb-piece of the hammer and,thus controlling the hammer, to gently lowerthe same and restrain it from falling andfrom striking the firing-pin, because anyattempt to do this would result in looseningthe necessary hold upon the grip-lever. Con-sequently the lowering of the hammer hadto be performed by the other hand, this isa serious drawback in a military arm, as asoldier and especially a mounted soldier doesnot in action have both hands free for suchuse. To overcome this difficulty, I have pro-vided the grip-lever, w with a projecting nosew2 in rear of its pivot, which stands closelyin rear of, and below the hammer whencocked, and the hammer is so fitted that itmay be drawn rearward somewhat fartherthan to its cocked position. When the ham-mer is drawn fully back it strikes the nosew2 and, by pressing the same downward, itcauses the grip-lever to turn on its pivotforcing the lower portion into the grip,thereby releasing the trigger. By this ar-rangement the thumb of the hand graspingthe grip needs not to be kept at the side ofthe grip for pressing in the grip-lever, butthe thumb may be applied to the hammerand through the same operate the grip-leverto release the trigger, then the trigger maybe operated with the first finger of the samehand to release the hammer and finally thethumb, still applied tor the hammer, mayallow the same to slowly descend to thesafety position, without requiring the aidof the other hand. The rearward project-ing nose w2 of the grip-lever w below thehammer q and in rear of the pivot-pin w1,serves to perform another important func-tion in addition to that of providing thepoint of contact between the grip lever andthe hammer, by means of which, the grip le-

ver may be operated to release the triggerby drawing the hammer fully rearward, ashereinbefore described.

In automatic firearms in which, on firing,the uncovered hammer is returned to thecocked position by the rearward movementof the breech-bolt sliding on the frame underthe energy of the recoil, this movement ofthe breech bolt and consequently the cock-ing of the hammer take place so rapidly thatit is very essential to positively guard thehand of the operator grasping the grip ofthe pistol against inadvertently moving toa position in which it might come in contactwith the hammer while the same is beingcocked; because by such contact the handwould be exposed to receive serious injury.

As shown in the drawings, I have con-structed the frame of the pistol with theusual rearward projection between the ham-mer and the grip to insure a secure grasp,and to prevent the hand from slipping up-ward; but as an additional preventative Ihave extended the nose w2 of the grip leverw rearward considerably beyond the frame,and have formed its lower portion so as toprovide a guard which positively preventsthe hand grasping the grip from coming incontact with the hammer. The projectingnose w2 being of the same width as that ofthe hammer and its sides corresponding ver-tically with those of the hammer, the nosefully covers and guards the rear and under-side of the hammer. This construction is effi-cient and adds but very little to the weightof the arm, being much lighter than if theframe between the hammer and the griplever in its entire width were extended for-ward a similar distance to form the neces-sary guard.

The pivot-pin r1 of the sear and safety,being slightly larger in diameter at the rightend, can be entered or removed from theright side of the frame only, the grip-leverpivot-pin w1 being largest at the left endmust be entered and removed from the leftside of the frame, its right end projects asmall distance from the right side of theframe, and has an annular groove. Thehammer pivot-pin q2, fitted from the rightside in the frame, carries on its right end athin integral plate q3, which rests againstthe right side of the frame and extends for-ward and downward to cover the end of thesear pivot-pin r1, while the rear end of theplate extends to the grip-lever pivot-pin w1

and enters the groove in the same, thestraight top of the plate q3 is parallel to andlies below the edge of the breech-slide, bywhich the plate is prevented from turning.By this arrangement the plate q3 and thehammer pivot-pin q2 are locked in placewhen the breech-slide is on the frame, whilethe pivot-pins r1 and w1 are kept in theframe by the plate q3 of the hammer pivot-

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pin. In Fig. 1 the plate q3 is shown indotted lines and in Fig. 3 a rear view of theplate and of the end of the pivot-pin w1 isshown.

When the breech-slide has been removedfrom the frame, the three pivot pins may bereadily withdrawn, for this purpose theplate q3 is turned, withdrawing its rear enddownward from the groove in the grip-leverpivot-pin, uncovering the sear pivot-pin andraising the forward end of the plate beyondthe top of the frame. This allows the plateq3 with the pivot-pin to be withdraw fromthe frame, thereby liberating the hammer qfor removal. The strut q1 depending fromthe hammer may then be utilized to pushout the two remaining pivot-pins and alsothe pin holding the butt-piece in the grip.

The removable cartridge-holder or maga-zine x, of usual form and construction, islocked in the grip by the magazine-catch y,fitted transversely through the grip in rearof the trigger, its reduced and checkeredend projecting from the left side of the gripconvenient for operation by the thumb of thehand holding the grip. The cylindricalbody of the catch y intersects the front endof the rnagazine-seat in the grip, and a sec-tion of the catch has been removed to corre-spond with and to clear the magazine-seatwhen the catch y is pressed inward from theleft toward the right side of the grip; withthe catch thus pressed in, a magazine maybe freely entered into or withdrawn fromthe seat in the grip. See Figs. 4, 5, 6, 7, 7aand 7b. At the right end the catch y carriesa projecting lug y1 which fits into a corre-sponding opening through the right side ofthe grip and prevents the catch from turn-ing. Within the catch y a spiral spring y6

and a piston y3 are seated, entered from theright side, the left end of the spring bearingagainst the bottom of the seat in the catch,the right end resting against a shoulder onthe piston, while a radially projecting study4 on the piston y3 extends outward througha slot in the catch y into an annular recess inthe wall of the grip surrounding the rightend of the catch. The stud y4 of the pistonthus locks the same and the catch y in thegrip and the tension of the spring y6 is ex-erted to yieldingly press the catch towardthe left side, where the reduced end of thecatch projects from the grip. On its innerface the lug y1 of the catch carries a horizon-tal locking-rib y2, which normally projectsinto the magazine-seat, and the magazine xis provided on the right side near its frontwith a corresponding recess x1 into whichthe rib y2 enters when the magazine is in itsplace in the grip, the rib thereby locking themagazine in the seat.

By pressing against the projecting left endof the catch, the same is moved inward soas to withdraw the locking rib out of the

magazine which is thereby released and freefor removal from the grip; on inserting amagazine from below into the grip the topof the magazine encounters a beveled under-side of the locking-rib y2, (see Figs. 7 and 7b,)and causes the catch to yield, until, at theend of the upward movement of the maga-zine, the rib enters the recess x1 in the mag-azine, and locks the same in place.

From the rear of the trigger t the rib t2

projects, extending to the upper forward sideof the catch y and there registering with acorresponding recess y5 in the catch (seeFigs. 7 and 7a,) so located therein laterallythat it permits the trigger to be operatedwhenever a magazine is in the grip and thelocking-rib y2 of the catch y has locked themagazine therein, as, with magazine andcatch in these relative positions, the innerface of the locking-rib y2 rests against theforward edge of the recess x1 in the maga-zine, and this contact prevents the catch yfrom being moved by its spring fully to theleft side to its released position. When,however, the magazine is unlocked and with-drawn from the grip, the catch y on its re-lease is at once moved by its spring fully tothe left side, its movement in that directionbeing then only limited by the contact withits seat in the grip of the shoulder on thecatch formed where the reduced left end andthe body meet; in this released position ofthe catch the recess in its upper forwardside does not register with the rib t2 of thetrigger and therefore the trigger is thenlocked in the forward position against rear-ward movement or operation. This auto-matic locking of the trigger in the absenceof the magazine positively prevents acciden-tal firing, due to the pulling of the triggerin the erroneous belief that all cartridgeshave been removed from the pistol by theremoval of the magazine, whereas an unfiredcartridge may have remained in the chamberof the barrel.

On introducing a magazine into the gripthe trigger is automatically released, readyfor operation. When a magazine is in itsplace, the operation of the trigger, as forfiring a shot, moves the rib t2 of the triggerrearward into the recess y5 in, the catch yand the rib t2 thus standing in the recess y5

securely locks the catch in the operative po-sition, thereby positively preventing its re-lease and the accidental removal of the mag-azine, which might result from the shocksdue to the firing, if the catch were notlocked by the trigger, but held in positionyieldingly only by its spring. By this ar-rangement of the rib t2 on the trigger andthe corresponding recess y5 in the catch, thecatch automatically locks the trigger againstoperation when the magazine is removedfrom the grip, and the trigger is automati-cally released for operation by the introduc-

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tion of a magazine into the grip. Vice versa,the catch is free for operation to release themagazine for removal while the trigger isat rest in the forward position, but when thetrigger is pulled to the rear it locks the catchagainst operation and thereby locks the mag-azine against removal; on release of thetrigger and its return forward the catch isautomatically released for operation.

It will be evident that various features ofthis invention may be employed independ-ently of the rest, and in hand-operated orother firearms of a different kind from thatwhich I have described herein, and that va-rious changes in form and arrangement ofthe parts may be made without departingfrom the spirit of the invention.

What I claim, and desire to secure by Let-ters Patent, is:

1. In a firearm, the combination of aframe, a barrel movable longitudinally onsaid frame, a breech-block or bolt carriersliding on said frame and comprising inte-grally a breech-bolt, a forward semi-tubularextension and a depending abutment pre-venting removal rearward of the bolt car-rier from the frame, and means for attach-ing the barrel to the frame after said barrelin and with the bolt carrier has been slidupon the frame from the front, so as topermit the longitudinal movement of thebarrel upon the frame.

2. In a firearm, the combination of aframe, a barrel movable longitudinally andvertically on said frame, a breech block orbolt carrier sliding on said frame and com-prising integrally a breech bolt, a forwardsemi-tubular extension and a depending abut-ment preventing removal rearward of thebolt carrier from the frame, and means forattaching the barrel to the frame after saidbarrel in and with the bolt carrier has beenslid upon the frame from the front, so as topermit the longitudinal and vertical move-ment of the barrel upon the frame.

3. In a firearm, the combination of aframe, a barrel movable longitudinally onsaid frame, a breech-block or bolt carriersliding on said frame and comprising inte-grally a breech bolt, a forward semi-tubularextension and a depending abutment pre-venting removal rearward of the bolt carrierfrom the frame, interlocking means for lock-ing the bolt carrier to the barrel when saidparts are in their forward position, andmeans for attaching the barrel to the frameafter said barrel in and with the bolt car-rier has been slid upon the frame from thefront, so us to permit the longitudinal move-ment of the barrel upon the frame.

4. In a firearm, the combination of aframe, a breech block or bolt carrier slidingon said frame and comprising integrally abreech bolt, a forward semi-tubular exten-sion and a depending abutment preventing

removal rearward of the bolt carrier fromthe frame, a barrel movable longitudinallyand vertically on said frame, interlockingmeans carried by said barrel and caused bythe movements thereof to interlock and tounlock the barrel and the bolt carrier, andmeans for attaching the barrel to the frameafter said barrel in and with the bolt car-rier has been slid upon the frame from thefront, so as to permit the longitudinal andvertical movement of the barrel upon theframe.

5. In a firearm, the combination of aframe, a breech block or bolt carrier slidingon said frame and comprising integrally abreech bolt, a forward semi-tubular exten-sion and a depending abutment preventingremoval rearward of the bolt carrier fromthe frame, a barrel movable longitudinallyand vertically on said frame and having aprojection caused by the movements thereofto enter or to leave a recess in said bolt car-rier, and means for attaching the barrel tothe frame after said barrel in and with thebolt carrier has been slid upon the framefrom the front, so as to permit the longi-tudinal and vertical movement of the barrelupon the frame.

6. In a firearm, the combination of aframe, a breech block or bolt carrier slidingon said frame and comprising integrally abreech bolt, a forward semi-tubular exten-sion and a depending abutment preventingremoval rearward of the bolt carrier fromthe frame, a barrel having a depending lugand a link pivotally secured therein, and alink pin in the frame for attaching the linkand the barrel to the frame after said barrelin and with the bolt carrier has been slidupon the frame from the front.

7. In a firearm, the combination of aframe, a breech block or bolt carrier slidingon said frame and comprising integrally abreech bolt, a forward semi-tubular exten-sion and a depending abutment preventingremoval rearward of the bolt carrier fromthe frame, a barrel having a depending lugand a link pivotally secured therein, saidframe having a recess to receive said lug,and a link pin in the frame for attachingthe link and the barrel to the frame aftersaid barrel in and with the bolt carrier hasbeen slid upon the frame from the front.

8. In a firearm, the combination of aframe, a breech block or bolt carrier slidingon said frame and comprising integrally abreech bolt, a forward semi-tubular exten-sion and a depending abutment preventingremoval rearward of the bolt carrier fromthe frame, a barrel having a depending lug,a link pivotally secured therein, and a down-ward projection from said lug, said framehaving a recess to receive said lug, and alink pin in the frame for securing the bar-rel to the frame, after the bolt carrier has

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been slid upon the frame from the front,whereby said lug limits the movement ofsaid barrel on the frame in rearward direc-tion, and said lug and said link pin limit themovement of the barrel and of the bolt car-rier on the frame in forward direction.

9. In a firearm, the combination of aframe, a breech block or bolt carrier slidingon said frame and comprising integrally abreech bolt, a forward semi-tubular exten-sion having a locking recess and a dependingabutment preventing removal rearward ofthe bolt carrier from the frame, a barrelhaving a depending lug and a link pivotallysecured therein, a link pin in the frame forattaching the link and the barrel to theframe after said barrel in and with the boltcarrier has been slid upon the frame, where-by said barrel may move longitudinally andvertically on said frame, and a projectionon said barrel caused by the movementsthereof to enter or to leave the locking re-cess in said bolt carrier.

10. In a firearm, the combination of aframe, a breech block or bolt carrier slid-ing on said frame and comprising integrallya breech bolt, a forward semi-tubular ex-tension and a depending abutment prevent-ing removal rearward of the bolt carrierfrom the frame, a barrel longitudinally mov-able on the frame, its front end mounted ina removable bushing in said bolt carrier, itsrear end having an extension depending intothe frame, and means for attaching the bar-rel to the frame after said barrel in and withthe bolt carrier has been mounted on saidframe, so as to permit the longitudinal move-ment of the barrel on the frame.

11. In a firearm, the combination of aframe, a breech block or bolt carrier slidingon said frame and comprising integrally abreech bolt, a forward semi-tubular exten-sion and a depending abutment preventingremoval rearward of, the bolt carrier fromthe frame, the barrel movable on the frame,its rear end mounted on and secured to saidframe for a limited double movement there-on, its front end securely supported in posi-tion in a removable bushing in said bolt car-rier, the bore of said bushing being en-larged from the front end rearward to per-mit vertical movement of the rear end ofsaid barrel, and means for attaching the bar-rel to the frame after said barrel in andwith said bolt carrier has been mounted onsaid frame, whereby the barrel in its for-ward position has its rear end elevated onthe frame above its front end, and in therearward position of said barrel its rear endis lowered and the axis thereof is parallelto the top of the frame, and whereby thefront end of said barrel is kept depressed,as and for the purpose specified.

12. In a firearm, the combination of a

frame, a breech block or bolt carrier slidingon said frame, and comprising integrally abreech bolt, a forward semi-tubular exten-sion and a depending abutment preventingremoval rearward of the bolt carrier fromthe frame, the barrel having at its rear enda depending lug and a link pivotally securedtherein, and having its front end securelysupported in position in a removable bush-ing in said bolt carrier, and a link pin in theframe for attaching the barrel to the frameafter said barrel in and with the bolt car-rier has been slid upon the frame, wherebythe rear end of said barrel has a limiteddouble movement on said frame upon itsfront end as a fulcrum.

13. In a firearm, the combination of aframe, a breech block or bolt carrier slidingon said frame and comprising integrally abreech bolt, a forward semi-tubular exten-sion having a locking recess and a dependingabutment preventing removal rearward ofthe bolt carrier from the frame, a barrelmovable on the frame within said forwardextension and carrying at its rear end aprojection and a depending lug and a linkpivotally secured therein, the front end ofsaid barrel being securely supported in po-sition in a removable bushing in said boltcarrier, and a link pin in the frame for at-taching the barrel to the frame after saidbarrel in and with said bolt carrier has beenslid upon the frame, whereby the rear endof said barrel has a limited double move-ment on said frame upon its front end as afulcrum to cause said projection to enteror to leave the locking recess in said boltcarrier.

14. In a firearm, the combination of aframe, a barrel, a bolt earner sliding on saidframe, a reaction spring, a shoulder in theframe for supporting the rear end of thereaction spring, a depending abutment onthe bolt carrier for inclosing the forwardportion of the reaction spring, a bushingsecured removably in the front end of saidbolt carrier, said bushing having a depend-ing part adapted to confine said reactionspring at its front end, whereby the thrustof said reaction spring is transmitted in for-ward direction through the bushing to thebolt carrier.

15. In a firearm, the combination of aframe, a barrel, a bolt carrier sliding on saidframe, a reaction spring, a shoulder in theframe for supporting the rear end of the re-action spring, a depending abutment on thebolt carrier for inclosing the forward por-tion of the reaction spring, a bushing se-cured rotatably in the front end of said boltcarrier for locking it to or releasing it fromsaid bolt carrier, and having a dependingpart adapted to confine said reaction springat its front end, whereby the thrust of said

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reaction spring is transmitted in forwarddirection through the bushing to the boltcarrier.

16. In a firearm, the combination of aframe, a barrel, a bolt carrier sliding on saidframe, a reaction spring, a shoulder in theframe for the rear end of the reaction spring,a depending abutment on the bolt carrier forinclosing the forward portion of the reactionspring, a shouldered plug carried on thefront end of the reaction spring and seatedloosely in the abutment depending from thebolt carrier, a bushing secured removablyin the front end of said bolt carrier and hav-ing a depending part adapted to confine saidplug in said abutment, whereby the thrustof said reaction spring is transmitted in for-ward direction through the plug and thebushing to the bolt carrier.

17. In a firearm, the combination of aframe, a barrel, a bolt carrier sliding on saidframe, a reaction spring, a shoulder in theframe for the rear end of the reactionspring, a depending abutment on the boltcarrier for inclosing the forward portionof the reaction spring, a shouldered plugcarried on the front end of the reactionspring and seated loosely in the abutmentdepending from the bolt carrier, a bushingsecured rotatably in the front end of saidbolt carrier for locking it to or releasing itfrom said bolt carrier, and having a de-pending part adapted to confine said plugin said abutment, whereby the thrust ofsaid reaction spring is transmitted in for-ward direction through the plug and thebushing to the bolt carrier and said bushingis locked against rotation by the plug.

18. In a firearm, the combination of aframe, a barrel secured to said frame, abolt carrier sliding on said frame and pro-vided with a locking shoulder, a cartridgeholder having a spring actuated follower,and a handle comprising a locking pin forsecuring the barrel to the frame, an upwardprojection for engaging the locking shoulderon the bolt carrier, and an inward exten-sion in the path of said follower.

19. In a firearm, the combination of aframe, a barrel secured to said frame, a boltcarrier sliding on said frame and providedwith a locking shoulder, a cartridge holderhaving a spring actuated follower, and ahandle comprising a locking pin for secur-ing the barrel to the frame, an upward pro-jection for engaging the locking shoulderon the bolt carrier, an inward extension inthe path of said follower, an upward pro-jection on said extension located within saidbolt carrier, whereby said handle is lockedagainst removal from said frame.

20. In a firearm, the combination of aframe, a barrel secured to said frame, abolt carrier sliding on said frame and pro-

vided with a locking shoulder, a cartridgeholder having a spring actuated follower, anda handle comprising a locking pin forsecuring the barrel to the frame, and an up-ward projection for engaging, the lockingshoulder on the bolt carrier, an inward ex-tension in the path of said follower, and anupward projection on said extension locatedwithin, the bolt carrier for locking saidhandle against removal, said bolt carrierhaving a recess for at will removing andreplacing the handle.

21. In a firearm, the combination of aframe, a hammer, a sear, a trigger, andsprings for said sear and trigger mountedin said frame, a butt piece removably se-cured in said frame by a pin, a main springcarried in the butt piece, a connector be-tween said hammer and said main spring,and a connector between said main springand said pin for yieldingly holding said pinin place.

22. In a firearm, the combination of ahammer, a sear and a trigger, a grip leverheld normally in position to prevent therelease of said hammer, springs for saidparts, and a projection on said grip leverin the path of said hammer, whereby thehammer may be moved to operate said griplever to permit the operation of said trig-ger and sear to release said hammer.

23. In a firearm, the combination of ahammer, a sear and a trigger, springs forsaid sear and trigger, a removable butt piece,a main spring carried in the removable buttpiece, a connector between said hammer andsaid main spring, a grip lever, a spring tohold said grip lever normally in position toprevent the release of said hammer, and aprojection on said grip lever in the path ofsaid hammer, whereby the hammer may bemoved to operate said grip lever to permitthe operation of said trigger and sear torelease said hammer.

24. In a firearm, the combination of abreech bolt carrying a firing pin shoulderedat its rear end and a retractor spring, alocking plate removably seated in the breechbolt and having an opening to receive therear end of said firing pin, whereby saidplate locks the firing pin in place and saidfiring pin locks said plate in place.

25. In a firearm, the combination of a re-movable cartridge holder, a catch for lock-ing said holder in place and for at will re-leasing the same, a trigger, and means oper-ated by said catch for locking and for re-leasing said trigger.

26. In a firearm, the combination of a re-movable cartridge holder, a catch, for lock-ing said holder in place and for at will re-leasing the same, a trigger, and means oper-ated by said trigger for locking said catch inoperative position.

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27. In a firearm, the combination of a re-movable cartridge holder, a catch, for lockingsaid holder in place and for at will re-leasing the same, a trigger, means operatedby said catch for locking and for releasingsaid trigger, and means operated by saidtrigger for locking said catch in operativeposition.

28. In a firearm, the combination of a re-movable cartridge holder having a recess, acatch carrying a projection adapted for en-tering the recess in said holder to lock thesame and for at will leaving said recess torelease the holder, said catch being providedwith a recess, a trigger carrying a rib adapt-ed to enter the recess in said catch, wherebythe operation of said catch locks or releasesthe trigger, and the operation of the triggerlocks the catch in position to lock saidholder.

29. In a firearm, the combination of abreech bolt carrying a shell extractor havinga recess in its rear portion, and a lockingplate removably seated in the breech boltand extending into the recess in said ex-tractor, whereby said plate locks the ex-tractor against removal from the breech bolt.

30. In a firearm, the combination of abreech bolt carrying a shell extractorshouldered in front of its rear portion andhaving a recess in its rear portion, and alocking plate removably seated in the breechbolt and extending into the recess in saidextractor, whereby said plate locks the ex-tractor against removal from the breech bolt.

31. In a firearm, the combination of abreech bolt carrying a firing pin shoulderedat its rear end and a retractor spring, ashell extractor removably seated in thebreech bolt and having a recess in its rearportion, and a locking plate removably seat-ed in the breech bolt and having an openingto receive the rear end of said firing pin andextending into the recess in said extractor,whereby said firing pin locks said plate inplace and said plate locks the firing pin andthe extractor in place.

32. In a firearm, the combination of aframe, a slide mounted on said frame, ataper pivot pin seated in said frame, and asecond pivot pin seated in said frame com-prising a plate integral therewith to coverand lock in place said first mentioned pivotpin, said plate being held in covering andlocking position by said slide.

33. In a firearm, the combination of aframe, a slide mounted on said frame, apivot pin rotatably seated in said frame andcomprising a plate integral therewith, andone or more additional pivot pins beingtaper and seated in said frame and engagedby said plate and locked in place thereby,

said plate being held in locking position bysaid slide.

34. In a firearm the combination of aframe, a slide mounted on said frame, ataper pivot pin seated in said frame, thesmaller end of said pivot pin protrudingfrom the frame and having a recess, and asecond pivot pin rotatably seated in saidframe and comprising a plate integral there-with, said plate extending into said recessand being held against rotation by said slide,whereby both pivot pins are locked in theframe.

35. In a firearm, the combination of aframe, a barrel secured to said frame, a boltcarrier sliding on said frame, a cartridgeholder having a spring actuated follower,and a handle comprising a locking pin forsecuring the barrel to the frame, an inwardextension in the path of said follower, andan upward projection on said extension lo-cated within said bolt carrier, whereby saidhandle is locked against removal.

36. In a firearm, the combination of aframe, a barrel secured to said frame, a boltcarrier sliding on said frame, a cartridgeholder having a spring actuated follower,and a handle comprising a locking pin forsecuring the barrel to the frame, an inwardextension in the path of said follower, andan upward projection on said extension lo-cated within the bolt carrier for locking saidhandle against removal, said bolt carrierhaving a recess for at will removing and re-placing the handle.

37. In a firearm, the combination of aframe having a grip, a hammer and a griplever pivotally mounted in said frame, anda rearward extension of said grip lever cov-ering the entire under side of said hammerand forming a guard between said hammerand said grip, whereby contact with saidhammer while being. cocked is prevented.

38. In a firearm, the combination of aframe having a grip, a hammer, a sear anda trigger, a grip lever held normally in po-sition to prevent the release of said hammer,springs for said parts, a projection on saidgrip lever in the path of said hammer,whereby the hammer may be moved to oper-ate said grip lever to permit the operationof said trigger and sear to release said ham-mer, and a rearward extension of said pro-jection forming a guard between said ham-mer and said grip.

This specification signed and witnessedthis 1st day of February, A. D. 1910.

JOHN M. BROWNING.

In the presence of -A.L. Ulrich.K. Powers.

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