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Leadership in America: Dilemmas and Opportunities
Making Cents through History
“Great necessities call forth great leaders”Abigail Adams
Maria R. Bevens
United States LeadersMaking Cents through History
Introduction
Are you a collector of stamps, Star Wars action figures, stuffed animals, dolls, butterflies, rocks, Matchbox cars, or how about coins? Many people worldwide are coin collectors including: The Sixth United States President, John Quincy Adams, former United Kingdom Prime Minister, Tony Blair, and Actress, Nicole Kidman.
How does one learn about history through coins?
Do you know President George Washington supplied some of his own silver (possibly tableware) valued at approximately one hundred dollars to make the first coins minted in Philadelphia in July 1792? Coin collectors or sometimes known as numismatists, are pioneers venturing out to the unknown. One never knows if a penny found on a sidewalk or the gold coin that was discovered by someone restoring an old barn could be the “found treasure” of monetary and historical value. You too can be a “numismatist” by designing a United States coin depicting a United States leader’s obstacles/dilemmas and triumphs. What qualities make a leader? Are people natural born leaders or do they learn to be learners? Your coin will educate others about Captains Meriwether Lewis and William Clark, Shoshone Native American, Sacagawea, Captain John Smith, Powhatan Native American Chief Powhatan/Wahunsunacawh, Second United States President, John Adams, and Second First Lady, Abigail Adams.
The Task
As a “numismatist” you and your team will choose one of the following leaders and entice others about Lewis and Clark, Sacagawea, John Smith, Powhatan, John and Abigail Adams. It will be your job to read required books, research leader through provided websites, and design a coin. When completed, the coin created by the team will consist of the following requirements:
Leader’s name and title, if applicable, on coin Leader’s portrait that identifies their profession/quest.
o Captains Lewis and Clark exploring new territory – holding rifle and journal Represent obstacles/dilemmas
o Captain John Smith leading the settlers through a number of struggles Symbol/icon/picture/logo representing leader’s triumphs
o President John Adams an advocate for colonial independence Denomination of coin (one cent, nickel, dime, quarter, half dollar, dollar) Precious metals (copper, silver, gold) Date(s) of important event(s) Mintmarks (P or plain –Philadelphia, D-Denver, S-San Francisco)
United States of America, Liberty, and In God We Trust printed on coin Remember - There are two sides to a coin, obverse and reverse
The Process
1. Each team will consist of four students.
2. Team will watch “Birth of a Coin” www.usmint.gov/kids/cartoons/birthOfAcoin 3. As a team, choose one of the five readings: (Each team will receive two of the same book)
Exploring the West, The Amazing Journey of Lewis and Clark Sacagawea Explore Colonial Jamestown (Captain John Smith/Chief Powhatan) John Adams Abigail Adams, First Lady of the American Revolution
4. Partner read, clarify, and summarize your team’s chosen book.
5. One student will be the team’s first recorder. Team will discuss and complete graphic organizer labeled “Book Brainstorm” noted by recorder.
6. Team will research websites.
7. Another student will be the team’s second recorder. Team will discuss and complete graphic organizer labeled “Website Brainstorm” noted by recorder.
8. Another student will be the team’s third recorder. Team will decide symbols and wordings that best represent their leader and complete graphic organizer labeled “Designs” noted by recorder.
9. Another student will be the material handler. Student is responsible to gather/collect materials.
10. As a team, create a rough draft of the coin - referring to graphic organizers.
11. As a team, create final copy of coin
12. Team will present/display coin to class
Resources Leader’s Websites
1. www.lewis-clark.org 2. www.about.com/od/sacagawea 3. www.jamestown2007.org 4. www.preservationvirginia.org 5. www.enchantedlearning.com/explorers
6. www.firstladies.org 7. www.ipl.gov 8. www.whitehouse.gov
Coin Websites 1. www.usmint.gov 2. www.coin-collecting-guide-for-beginners.com 3. www.coincollectingnews.org
Books/Articles * Erdrich, Lise. Sacagawea. Lerner Publishing Group, January 28, 2003 * Lakin, Patricia. Abigail Adams, First Lady of the American Revolution.
Simon & Schuster Children’s Publishing, June 20, 2006* Landau, Elaine. Explore Colonial Jamestown. Enslow Publishers, Inc., January 28, 2006* Sutcliff, Jane. John Adams. Barnes & Noble, July 25, 2006* Wilt, Vicki Tyler. Exploring the West, The Amazing Journey of Lewis and Clark. Sundance/Newbridge Educational Publishing, LLC, 2005
Evaluation
The following rubric will be used to grade your “Making Cents through History” project. Refer to this rubric while reading, researching, brainstorming, and designing your leadership coin. Each requirement will be graded between 1 and 10.
Leadership Rubric_____ Leader’s name/title
_____ Leader’s profession/quest
_____ Obstacles/dilemmas represented
_____ Triumphs representedCoin Rubric
_____ Coin’s denomination
_____ Coin’s precious metal
_____ Date(s) of important event(s)
_____ Mintmarks
_____ Words “United States of America, Liberty, and In God We Trust” on coin
_____ Obverse and reverse sides of the coin
Total points__________
91-100 points - Advanced 81- 90 points - Proficient
71- 80 points - Adequate61- 70 points - Needs Improvement 0- 60 points - Faulty Conclusion
Fantastic! You have officially become a “numismatist!” You have succeeded in portraying a United States leader’s obstacles/dilemmas and triumphs by using your knowledge and creativity to design a United States coin. You have enticed others to learn about your chosen leader as well as the great hobby of coin collecting!Fantastic job, admirably done!
Book Brainstorm
Book Title ________________________________________________
Author ___________________________________________________
Leader’s Full Name/Title________________________________________________
Leader’s Profession ________________________________________________
Leader’s obstacles/dilemmas – What were some of the stumbling blocks the leader faced? Give examples and explanations.__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
Leader’s triumphs – What did leader accomplish?
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
List dates and related events
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
Student name _______________________ Student name _______________________
Student name _______________________ Student name _______________________
Website Brainstorm
Website Title/Address ______________________________________________
Leader’s Name/Title _______________________________________________
Leader’s Other Accomplishments – What other beliefs/causes/deeds did the leader feel deeply about?
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
Additional leader’s obstacles/dilemmas – Give examples and explanations.
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
Connection with other people/animals/landscape/landmarks/objects associated with leader.__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
Leader’s triumphs – How did leader’s achievements affect/shape/change others/United States/World?__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
Other significant dates with explanation.__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
Student name _______________________ Student name _______________________
Student name _______________________ Student name _______________________
Designs
Drawing of portrait/landscape/object indentifying leader’s profession.
Drawing representing leader’s obstacles/dilemmas.
Symbol/icon/picture/logo representing leader’s triumphs.
Student name _______________________ Student name _______________________
Student name _______________________ Student name _______________________
Rough Draft of United States Coin - Obverse
Student name ___________________ Student name ___________________
Student name ___________________ Student name ___________________
Rough Draft of United States Coin - Reverse
Student name ___________________ Student name ___________________
Student name ___________________ Student name ___________________
United States Coin - Obverse
Student name ___________________ Student name ___________________
Student name ___________________ Student name ___________________
United States Coin - Reverse
Student name ___________________ Student name ___________________
Student name ___________________ Student name ___________________
The Future
President George W. Bush signed two pieces of legislation authorizing gold, silver and clad coins.
One of the bills authorizes a silver dollar to commemorate the 50th anniversary of the Civil Rights Act.
Civil Rights Act of 1964 Commemorative Coin Act, which calls for up to 350,000 silver dollar commemorative coins in 2014.
The other celebrates the 1775 establishment of United States Army with $5 gold, $1 silver and 50-cent coins.
U.S. Army Commemorative Coin Act that directs a maximum of 100,000 $5 gold coins, limit of 500,000 $1 silver dollars, and 750,000 50 cent clad in 2011.
Source: www.silvercoins.todayDecember 4, 2008
On February 5, 2008, President George W. Bush signed into law H.R. 3432 titled, “Commission on the Abolition of the Transatlantic Slave Trade Act.”
The law establishes a commission to plan activities commemorating the 200th anniversary of the abolition of the transatlantic slave trade.
One of those activities is planning efforts for a new commemorative coin.
o The likelihood of any new coin in 2010 is the very earliest.
Source: www.coinnews.netJuly 6, 2009