united states department of the interior … basin, aggregate undiscovered recoverable oil, burma,...

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

Assessment of undiscovered conventionally recoverable petroleum resourcesof South Asia

by

John Kingston^

Open-File Report 84-852

This report is preliminary and has not been reviewed for conformity with U.S. Geological Survey editorial standards and stratigraphic nomenclature,

Santa Barbara, California

1984

CONTENTS______ Page

Assessment of energy resources 1Introduction 2Acknowledgments 2/"l x%iv»ms> * >«-< ________.____________________.______._____________________ _ 0 1v»oiniiient.s ^i

ILLUSTRATIONS

Figure 1. Main sedimentary basins, South Asia 32. Pakistan-Indus, Potwar, and Makran Basins, undiscovered

recoverable oil 63. Pakistan-Indus, Potwar, and Makran Basins, undiscovered

recoverable total gas 64. India, Bombay Shelf, undiscovered recoverable oil 75. India, Bombay Shelf, undiscovered recoverable total gas 76. India, Cambay Graben, undiscovered recoverable oil 87. India, Cambay Graben, undiscovered recoverable total gas 88. India, Konkan Shelf, undiscovered recoverable oil 99. India, Konkan Shelf, undiscovered recoverable total gas 9

10. India, Kutch Shelf, undiscovered recoverable oil 1011. India, Kutch Shelf, undiscovered recoverable total gas 1012. India, Cauvery and Palar Basins, undiscovered

recoverable oiJ. ^j_13. India, Cauvery and Palar Basins, undiscovered

recoverable total gas 1114. India, Krishna-Godavari Basin, undiscovered recoverable oil- 1215. India, Krishna-Godavari Basin, undiscovered recoverable

total gas 1216. India, North Assam and Indo-Gangetic Basins, undiscovered

recoverable oil 1317. India, North Assam and Indo-Gangetic Basins, undiscovered

recoverable total gas - . . ^j18. India, Bengal Basin, undiscovered recoverable oil 1419. India, Bengal Basin, undiscovered recoverable total gas 1420. India, aggregate undiscovered recoverable oil 1521. India, aggregate undiscovered recoverable total gas 1522. Bangladesh, Bengal Basin, undiscovered recoverable oil 1623. Bangladesh, Bengal Basin, undiscovered recoverable total

rf «a o *«*«*«*«*«*«*«*«*«*«*«*«*«*«*«.^*«M.*«*«*«*«»»*«*«*«___________*«*«»_» « « « « « « « « 1 £jjCio 1D

24. Burma, Bengal Basin, undiscovered recoverable oil 1725. Burma, Bengal Basin, undiscovered recoverable total gas 1726. Burma and Andaman (India) Basins, undiscovered

recoverable oil 1827. Burma and Andaman (India) Basins, undiscovered recoverable

totaJ. gas J^Q28. Burma, aggregate undiscovered recoverable oil 1929. Burma, aggregate undiscovered recoverable total gas 1930. Bengal Basin, aggregate undiscovered recoverable oil,

Burma, India, Bangladesh 2031. Bengal Basin, aggregate undiscovered recoverable total gas,

Burma, India, Bangladesh 20

TABLES

Table 1. Assessment of undiscovered conventionally recoverable petroleum resources of South Asia -

2. Estimated petroleum content of South Asia sedimentary basins

ii

Assessment of undiscovered conventionally recoverable petroleum resourcesof South Asia

by

John Kingston

ASSESSMENT OF ENERGY RESOURCES

This report was prepared as part of The World Energy Resources Program of of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). The objective of the study is to assess the undiscovered conventionally recoverable resources remaining within the petroleum producing provinces. The study utilizes geological and petroleum engineering data, in conjunction with statistical techniques, to estimate undiscovered resources by a process involving a team of geologists and statisticians. The estimates represent the views of the U.S. Geological Survey estimation team and should not be regarded as an official position of the Department of the Interior.

Other U.S. Geological Survey reports relating to the assessment of undiscovered conventionally recoverable petroleum resources include the following:

Open File Reports 81-0986 - Persian Gulf Basin and Zagros fold belt(Arabian-Iranian Basin)

81-1027 - Volga Ural Basin 81-1142 - Indonesia 81-1143 - Northeastern Mexico81-1144 - Southeastern Mexico, northern Guatemala, and Belize81-1145 - Trinidad81-1146 - Venezuela81-1147 - West Siberian and Kara Sea Basins82-0296 - Middle Caspian Basin82-1027 - East Siberian Basin, U.S.S.R.82-1056 - North Africa82-1057 - Timan-Pechora Basin, U.S.S.R.; Barents-northern

Kara shelf83-0598 - Northwestern, Central, and Northeastern Africa83-0801 - Onshore China84-0094 - Northwest European region84-0158 - New Zealand84-0214 - Australia84-0328 - Malaysia and Brunei84-0329 - China84-0330 - Thailand

INTRODUCTION

The location of the main South Asia basins is shown in figure 1. Table 1 is a summary of the estimates of undiscovered petroleum resources of these basins. Table 2 combines the estimated undiscovered petroleum resources (in modal quantities) and estimated petroleum reserves to show the estimated total recoverable petroleum content of individual basins of South Asia.

The cumulative probability curves for the undiscovered petroleum resources of individual basins are shown in figures 2 through 31. The objective of the cumulative probability curve construction is to derive the mean quantity of undiscovered recoverable petroleum in each basin from three consensus estimates made by a group of U.S.G.S. geologists. The three estimates are: (1) an estimate of the most likely quantity, (2) an estimate of which there appears to be a 95-percent chance the quantity exceeds, and (3) an estimate of which there appears to be only a 5-percent chance the quantity exceeds. Accordingly, the mean quantity embodies estimates of the most likely quantity together with less certain probabilities for more. Of significant effect on the mean is the substantially larger, but less likely, estimated quantities of undiscovered recoverable petroleum.

The mean quantities of undiscovered petroleum resources for each basin are listed in table 1 and aggregated for each country. The aggregated results of this study are as follows:

Oil (billions of barrels) Gas (trillions of cubic feet)

Pakistan .35 34.74

India 2.91 27.83

Bangladesh .09 18.91

Burma 1.43 8.44

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

The resource assessment for this report was prepared in collaboration with the Resource Appraisal Group of the Branch of Oil and Gas Resources.

Shore

line

Inte

rnational

MA

IN

SE

DIM

EN

TA

RY

B

AS

INS

, S

OU

TH

Table

1. Assessment of

un

disc

over

ed re

cove

rabl

e petroleum

reso

urce

s of

South

Asia

. Unconditional

reso

urce

as

sess

ment

by

USGS as of 4/

20/8

3; se

e al

so fi

gure

s 1 th

roug

h 32

.

OIL

in bi

llio

ns of barrels

(BBb

)GAS

in tr

illi

ons

of cubic

feet (T

cf)

Prob

abil

ity

Province

PAKI

STAN

Indu

s , Potwar ,

and

Makran

INDIA Bombay

Cambay

Konkan

Kutch

Cauv

ery

(+ Pa

lar^

)Krishna-Godavari

North Assam

(+ Indo-Gangetic

1)

Bengal (3

8%)*

Indi

a aggr

egat

e

BANG

LADE

SHBe

ngal

(4

8%)2

BURMA Bu

rma

(+ An

dama

n^)

Beng

al (1

4%)2

Burma

aggr

egat

e

Low

0.05

0.30

0.05

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.05

0.00

0.73

0.00

0.30

0.

000.47

High

0.70

2.50

0.50

0.21

1.73

0.95

0.48

0.50

0.31

7.14

0.39

3.00

0.11

3.13

Mean

0.35

1.25

0.23

0.04

0.54

0.36

0.21

0.16

0.08

2.91

0.09

1.41

0.03

1.43

Mode

0.30

1.00

0.15

0.15

0.70

0.30

0.20

0.10

0.15

1.41

0.19

1.00

0.06

0.87

Low

15.0

0

2.00

0.25

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.50

3.80

8.87

4.80

1.00

1.40

3.14

High

60.00

10.0

03.00

0.66

10.3

12.82

1.93

2.00

30.40

61.66

38.40

6.00

11.2

017

.33

Mean

34.74

5.25

1.16

0.10

3.19

1.08

0.93

1.16

14.9

727

.83

18.9

1

2.92

5.52

8.44

Mode

30.00

4.00

0.50

0.40

4.00

0.80

1.00

1.00

11.4

016

.53

14.4

0

2.00

4.20

5.63

Basi

ns of

minor

potential

grou

ped

with

adjoining

basi

ns.

2 Be

ngal

Basin

aggr

egat

e:

0.00

, 0.

82,

0.20

, 0.

40 fo

r oi

l; 10

.00,

80.00, 39.41, 30

.00

for

gas.

Table 2. Estimated ultimate petroleum resources of South Asia sedimentarybasins (in billion barrels of oil and trillions of cubic feet of gas)

Province

PAKISTAN Indus Potwar Makran

Aggregate5

EstimatedOriginalReserves^

OIL GAS

:o.i 22.00.1 <0.1

0.1 22.0

Estimated undiscovered

petroleum^ (mode)

OIL

(0.2)4 (0.1) (0.0) 0.3

GAS

(30.0) (0.1) (0.0) 30.0

Estimatedultimateresources

OIL

0.2 0.2 0.0 0.4

GAS

52.00.10.0

52.0

INDIA Bombay Cambay Konkan Kutch Cauvery Palar6Krishna-Godavari North Assam Indo-Gangetic^ Andaman^ Bengal (38%)

Aggregate5

3.3 9.6 0.8 0.8

0.9

5.0

8.0

18.4

1.0 0.2 0.2 0.70.3:o.i0.2 0.1

0.2 1.4

4.0 0.5 0.4 4.0 0.8:o.i1.0 1.0

11.416.5

4.3 1.0 0.2 0.7 0.3:o.i0.2 1.0

0.1 6.4

13.6 1.3 0.4 4.0 0.8

<0.1 1.0 9.0

11.434.9

BANGLADESH Bengal (48%) 0.0 11.0 0.2 14.4 0.2 25.2

BURMABengal (14%) Burma (minus

Bengal) Aggregate5

0.9

1.0

0.0 0.1 (l.O) 4

0.9

4.2 (2.0)

5.6

0.1 1.9

1.9

4.2 2.0

5.7

Original reserves include present reserves, plus cumulative production, plusan estimate of undeveloped discoveries.

Most likely (modal) values within a range of probabilities (figs. 2 through 31) Pakistan basins grouped into a single assessment. Bracketed values show estimated splits for particular basins grouped into a

single assessment. An aggregate of most likely (modal) values for estimated undiscovered

petroleum is not a summation of the values for the basins but a somewhatlesser number depending on the individual probability curves.

Minor basins grouped with related adjacent basins (see figures 12, 13, 16,17, 26, and 27).

Figure 2. Pakistan-Indus, Potwar, and Makran Basins, undiscovered recoverable oil. Assessment date: May 20, 1983

z:orX cof-« o

LJo:

o

O

!U

a: rj

a:Q_o . o_

X\

\\\

\v^

ESTI MERN - MEDIRN - 957. 757. ^'/. 257. 57.

MODE S.D.

MRTES 0.35 0.33 0.05 0.21 0.33 0.47 0.70 0.30 0.20

0.00 0.15 0.30 0.45 0.60 0.75 0.90 1.05 BILLION BRRRELS RECOVERABLE OIL

1.20 1.35 1.50

Figure 3. Pakistan-Indus, Potwar, and Makran Basins, undiscovered recoverable total gas. Assessment date: May 20, 1983

i«t-4 0-

LJa:§»o

L. 0

^

PROBRBILI0.0 0.2 0{ . . i ! . , .

X

I

\\

\x-^^-- __

ESTI MERN MEDIRN - 95X 757. 50X 25X 5X

MODE S.D.

~~ .

MRTES 31.71

33. I i 15.00 24.81

33.11 42.87 60.00

30.00 13.92

0.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 TRILLION CUBIC

50.0 60.0 70.0 80.0 FEET RECOVERRBLE GRS

90.0 100.0

Figure 4. India, Bombay Shelf, undiscovered recoverable oil.Assessment date: May 20, 1983

I-f-« o-

LJ 0£§">..

o0-o£*"f-« .. . o_J* »CDen cj "03 o-o °QZ QL.

o .O_

^

\

\\

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^^ ^

ESTI MEflN - MEDIflN - 95X 757. 507. 257.

57. MODE - S.D.

MflTES 1 . 25 1.17 0.30 0.76 1.17 1.G4 2.50 1.00 0.68

0.00 0.45 0.90 1.35 1.80 2.25 2.70 3.15

BILLION BflRRELS RECOVERflBLE OIL3.60 4.05 4.50

Figure 5. India, Bombay Shelf, undiscovered recoverable total gasAssessment date: May 20, 1983

zcc _£"f-» o

LJ QZ.?".

o u_ o

ST -. o_J CDcn CM03 o-o °QZ QL.

0 . d-

^**^

\\

\\

-

\

N.^-^-

-

ESTI MEflN MEDIflN 95X 75X 507. 25X

5X MODE S.D.

MflTES 5.25 4.80 2.00 3.44 4.80 6.55

10.00 4.00 2.54

0.0 1.8 3.6 5.4 7.2 9.0 10.8 12.6 14.4TRILLION CUBIC FEET RECOVERflBLE GflS

16.2 18.0

Figure 6. India, Cambay Graben, undiscovered recoverable oil.Assessment date: May 20, 1983

z oc _X °Jf-« o~

LJ C£g«

o LL.o£3'_J1 « CO CE oi ' CO -0 °onCL

0 .O-

Ny

\\

\

\V

^^

ESTI MERN MEOIflN 95X 75X 50X 25X

5X MODE S.D.

MflTES 0.23 0.20 0.05 0.13 0.20 0.30 0.50 0.15 0.14

0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 O.S 0.6 0.7


Figure 7. India, Cambay Graben, undiscovered recoverable total gasAssessment date: May 20, 1983

!- t-> o"

LJa:?<*.

oCi_ 0 .£r"t!o-_> COCC CM 's»-a:CL

o . o_

ij\

\X

X-^^ ~-

.

ESTI MEflN MEDIflN 95X 75X 507. 25X

57. MODE S.D.

MflTES 1.16 0.88 0.25 0.53 0.88 1.45 3.00 0.50 1.00

0.0 0.9 1.8 2.7 3.6 i.S 5.4 6.3 7.2TRILLION CUBIC FEET RECOVERflBLE GflS

8.1 9.0

Figure 8. India, Konkan Shelf, undiscovered recoverable oil.Assessment date: May 20, 1983

o

LJ

O oi31

O

>- g -

« o _J

OQ '_

O o

~^-N\\

\\x^ " ~~

ESTI MEflN MEDIflN B57. 757. 5Q7. 257.

57. MODE S.D.

MflTES 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.21 0.15 0.08

0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 0.30 0.35 BILLION BflRRELS RECOVERflBLE OIL

0.40 0.45 0.50

Figure 9. India, Konkan Shelf, undiscovered recoverable total gas.Assessment date: May 20, 1983

8o

01

00

o

s:i

"-X

3.0 0

\

.2 0

\.4 0 IRILLI

\v

.6 0 ON CUB

^

,8 1 1C FEE

ESTI MEflN MEDIflN - 257. 757. 5Q7. 257.

57. MODE S.D.

0 1.2 1.4 1.6 T RECOVERflBLE GflS

MflTES 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.66 0.40 0.24

1.8 2.

CC

LJ

CO

03 O

Q_

Figure 10. India, Kutch Shelf, undiscovered recoverable oil.Assessment date: May 20, 1983

0

!$ :*-*oLJmO to z: M.L_°-

o>-i «N -H « o _t 4

CDo: ~ 'CD .-O o DC°-s:

o_

^\

\\

\\\

^^^- ~

ESTI MEflN MEDIflN - 95X 75X 50X 25X

5X MODE S.D.

MflTES 0.54 0.38 0.00 0.00 0.38 0.93 1.73 0.70 0.63


3.2 3.6 4.0

Figure 11. India, Kutch Shelf, undiscovered recoverable total gas. w Assessment date: May 20, 1983

o

"Z.

£ ? 1»-dLJaz gR0.°-

o .>-« rt M «» i o _

« CO<E ^ 'CD .-O 0az" s:

d_

^\

\\\\

\

V"~-^ __ ~-

ESTI MEflN MEDIflN 95X 75X 50X 25X

5X MODE S.D.

MflTES 3.19 2.26 0.00 0.00 2.26 5.47

10.31 4.00 3.78

0.0 2.5 5.0 7.5 10.0 12.5 15.0 17.5 20.0TRILLION CUBIC FEET RECOVERflBLE GfiS

22.5 25.0

10

Figure 12.--India, Cauvery and Palar Basins, undiscovered recoverable oil> Assessment date: May 20, 1983

8o

Z

IE S

LJorO oo

0 .

>- CM -*-* *!-Ij °

m a: <2 m .-O ooc

o_

A

\\\\

v^--^ " _

ESTI MEflN MEOIflN 957. 757. 507. 257.

57. MODE S.D. -

MflTES 0.36 0.32 0.00 0.11 0.32 0.54 0.95 0.30 0.32

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4


Figure 13. India, Cauvery and Palar Basins, undiscovered recoverable total gas. Assessment date: May 20, 1983

o

z£ * m <o»-d

LJ OZ O co z:^-L.°. o>" 2J ' I i *> o _J » « COa: <o OD "t-0 o C£^8-

CD_

\

\

\|\

\\"^

^

==1^B

ESTI MEflN MEDIflN 957. 75X 50X 25X

5X MODE S.D.

MflTES 1.08 0.93 0.00 0.43 0.93 1.52 2.82 0.80 0.95

0.0 0.7 1.4 2.1 2.8 3.5 4.2 4.9 5.6 TRILLION CUBIC FEET RECOVERflBLE GflS

6.3 7.0

11

Figure 14. India, Krishna-Godavari Basin, undiscovered recoverable oil. Assessment date: May 20, 1983

o

!*-x: «o*-*d

OJ OH O oo21 "**H

0.°- O

>~> CM £ ?-H-« 0

_J «

CDor <° OQ *~:-O oa:^s:

CD_

\\

v

\\\\^


52 MODE S.D.

MflTES 0.21 0.21 0.00 0.11 0.21 0.30 0.48 0.20 0.15

0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7BILLION BflRRELS RECOVERflBLE OIL

0.8 0.9 1.0

Figure 15. India, Krishna-Godavari Basin, undiscovered recoverable a total gas. Assessment date: May 20, 1983o

^^JC <o*-+o

OJa:O a> z: -^.L.°

O

>-» ru I-, f> o _J «GOor «> DO ~-0 oa:°"s:

o_

X\

\\

\\\

V^^.


5X MODE - S.D.

MflTES 0.93 0.97 0.00 0.53 0.97 1.33 1.93 1.00 0.62

0.00 0.35 0.70 1.05 I.-10 1.75 2.10 2.15 2.80 TRILLION CUBIC FEET RECOVERflBLE GflS

3.15 3.50

12

Figure 16. India, North Assam and Indo-Gangetic Basins, undiscovered recoverable oil. Assessment date: May 20, 1983

z <£ m31 «t~« o-

LJ Of?-

oL_ O

£^t-> _»-4 0

_J

CDor CM "g°-Of O_

o . o_

\\

\\

X.^ -_ ' . !-

ESTI MEflN MEDIflN 957. 757. 507. 257.

57. MODE S.D.

MflTES 0.20 0.16 0.05 0.10 0.16 0.26 0.50 0.10 0.16


1.20 1.35 1.50

Figure 17. India, North Assam and Indo-Gangetic Basins, undiscovered recoverable total gas. Assessment date: May 20, 1983

zGC _ 31 ?t~* 0-

LJ OfS«;

oLL_ O

>-^ *~* «- -« o_J COor CM '(CD -0 °oz a.

o . o_

x\

N\

k\\

V^- -

ESTI MEflN MEDIflN - 95X 75X 50X 25X

5X MODE S.D.

MflTES 1.16 1.10 0.50 0.83 1.10 1.43 2.00 1.00 0.46

0.00 0.35 0.70 1.05 1.HO 1.75 2.10 2.45 2.80 TRILLION CUBIC FEET RECOVERflBLE GflS

3.15 3.50

13

Figure 18.

err .T: to

ae.o *

India, Bengal Basin, undiscovered recoverable oil.Assessment date: May 20, 1983

rn

o o a:

"\

\\v^ ~ -

ESTI MERN MEDIflN 95X 75X 50X 25X 5X

MODE S.D.

MRTES 0.08 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.14 0.31 0.15 0. 11

0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7BILLION BRRRELS RECOVERRBLE OIL

0.8 0.9 1.0

Figure 19. India, Bengal Basin, undiscovered recoverable total gas.Assessment date: May 20, 1983

1-1- 0"

IxJa:£«

oL_ OC S'^ i±^ C5_i mCC nj 'm Q- o ° cmQ.

0 -

0-

^N

\

\

\\

\V^^

"^ rr, nr

ESTI MERN MEDIRN - 95X 75X 50X 25X

57. MODE S.D.

MRTES 14.97

13.72 3.80 9.02

13.72 19.54

30.40 11.40 8.33

0.0 6.0 12.0 1B.O 24.0 30.0 36.0 42.0 48.0TRILLION CUBIC PEET RECOVERRBLE GflS

54.0 60.0

14

Figvire 20. India, aggregate undiscovered recoverable oil.Assessment date: May 20, 1983

toCC

COa: CD o or o_

on0"

too

o

0,'

o .

\\\\

\\\

\\V"^^

" - -

ESTIMflTESMCflNMEOlflN 95X75X507.25X

57. MODES.D.

2.912.2')0.731 . 432.293.65 7.11 1.412.28

0.0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 IO.O 12.0 M.O BILLION BflRRELS RECOVERflBLE OIL

16.0 18.0 20.0

Figure 21. India, aggregate undiscovered recoverable total gas.Assessment date: May 20, 1983

.a: a:

LJ

en a:COo ora.

o

o . o_

\\\\

\v^-^^- .

1 .

ESTI MEflN MEDIflN 957. 757. 507. 257. 57.

MODE S.D.

hflTES 27.83

23.39 8.87 15.72

23.39 34.81 61.66

16.53 17.93

0.0 15.0 30.0 45.0 60.0 75.0 90.0 10S.O 120.0TRILLION CUBIC FEET RECOVERflBLE GflS

135.0 150.0

15

Figure 22. Bangladesh, Bengal Basin, undiscovered recoverable oil.Assessment date: May 20, 1983

o

IK«-d"

LJ ce: o <« 3Z _o_°-0

>-« to h-« -%5°03or g CO °.-o o&L""s:

C3_

"N\

\|

\\\V^^

ESTIMGflN MEDIRN - 95X 75X 50X 25X

5X MODE S.D.

MflTES 0.09 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.18 0.39 0.19 0.14

0.0 O.I 0.2 0.3 0.-* 0.5 0.6 0.7

BILLION BflRRELS RECOVERRBLE OIL0.8 0.9 1.0

Figure 23. Bangladesh, Bengal Basin, undiscovered recoverable totalAssessment date: May 20, 1983

1"f-« 0

LJ QZ? ?

oU. 0S 2'. ___. fj

_j CDor nrr) _0° QZa.

o . d_

"^

X

\y

\\

-

k \

^^- -

ESTI MERN MEDIRN 95X 75X 50X 25X

5X. MODE S.D.

MflTES 18.91

17.33 4-. 80

11.40 17.33

24.68 38.40 14.40

10.53

0.0 7.0 14.0 21.0 28.0 35.0 42.0 49.0 56.0

TRILLION CUBIC FEET RECOVERRBLE GRS63.0 70.0

16

Figure 24. Burma, Bengal Basin, undiscovered recoverable oil. 0 Assessment date: May 20, 1983

o

01 nm n^dLJ Q£0 TH jC^°

0

>« CD f . »-* 0 _}

COoc g-CO °-O o QZ." s:

C3.

\\

\

1V

ESTI MERN MEDIRN 957. 75X 50X 257. 5X

MODE S'.D.

MRTES 0.03 0.00 0. 00 O.'OOo.'oo0.05 0.11 0.06 0.04

0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 0.30 0.35 BILLION BflRRELS RECOVERABLE OIL

0.40 0.45 0.50

Figure 25. Burma, Bengal Basin, undiscovered recoverable total gas.Assessment date: May 20, 1983

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17

Figure 26. Burma (4 plays) and Andaman (India) Basins, undiscovered recoverable oil. Assessment date: May 20, 1983

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Figure 27. Burma (4 plays) and Andaman (India) Basins, undiscovered recoverable total gas. Assessment date: May 20, 1983

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Figure 28. Burma, aggregate undiscovered recoverable oil.Assessment date: May 20, 1983

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Figure 29. Burma, aggregate undiscovered recoverable total gas. Assessment date: May 20, 1983

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TRILLION CUBIC FEET RECOVERABLE GAS40

Figure 30. Bengal Basin, aggregate undiscovered recoverable oil, Burma, India, Bangladesh. Assessment date: May 20, 1983

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Figure 31. Bengal Basin, aggregate undiscovered recoverable total gas, Burma, India, Bangladesh. Assessment date: May 20, 1983

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TRILLION CUBIC FEET RECOVERflBLE GflS135.0 150.0

20

COMMENTS

Assessments are based on incomplete information, i.e., available published data.

Our reserve figures are very approximate estimates and in general appear larger than the few available official figures. Uncertainty exists as to the handling of potential reserves indicated by discoveries but apparently not yet established by development drilling. The total petroleum content of a basin, however, should not be affected by this (see table 2).

Pakistan has three basins, the Indus of some 125 thousand square miles(324 thousand square kilometers), the Potwar of 8.5 thousand square miles (22 thousand square kilometers), and the Makran of 60 thousand square miles (155 thousand square kilometers). The large Indus Basin is gas prone. Indus source rocks apparently are largely of pre-Tertiary age and are now thermally overmature; during the Tertiary when they were mature, uplift and erosion may have allowed the generating and migrating petroleum to escape. Present petroleum is mainly gas, which may be principally from the largely overmature remnant organic material in pre-Tertiary source rock. Some oil may have been, and is still being, sourced from the basin's perimeter where pre-Tertiary source rocks were, and are, shallower (and therefore less heated, i.e., less mature). The Potwar Basin is oil-bearing but limited by small size and poor reservoir development. The Makran area has been designated a basin but is largely an accretionary wedge of sediments and appears to have little petroleum potential.

India has ten (and part of an eleventh) major sedimentary basins totalling some 575 thousand square miles (1490 thousand square kilometers). Three of these basins, Bombay, Cambay, and North Assam, produce oil and gas. Except for two relatively unimportant basins (Indo-Gangetic and Andaman), these basins are of (or closely related to) one tectonic type, i.e., the rifted continental margin basin. Characteristically, the trap configuration and source environment are directly or indirectly controlled by horst and graben structure. The source rocks are generally Paleogene and the reservoirs Paleogene and Neogene. The thermal gradients are relatively low except in the area of the Bombay and Cambay Basins where they are high and where most of the oil reserves of India (and South Asia) are centered. It is judged that about two-thirds of the undiscovered oil and one-fourth of the undiscovered gas is in the Bombay Shelf, the remainder being in the rifted marginal basins or shelves on the eastern and western sides of the India Continental Block.

Bangladesh lies within and occupies half of one basin, the Bengal Basin. This basin is gas prone; the lack of oil is attributed to the inability of the larger petroleum (oil) molecules to migrate through the massive, thick, over-pressured, dominantly shale section between the source and the shallower reservoirs. Further gas discoveries, more than doubling the present reserves, are expected, but oil prospects are limited to the western shelf area where the effects of the over-pressured shale may not be a factor.

21

Burma has four basins with an area of 120 thousand square miles (310 thousand square kilometers). Except for a small eastern back-arc basin, the north-trending string of Burma basins are dextrally wrenched fore-arc basins on-trend with the fore-arc basins of Indonesia. Like fore-arc basins in general, the thermal gradient is low, but owing to their relatively great depth, the deepest parts of the basins have reached thermal maturity. This may restrict the petroleum prospects of these basins to their central, deepest portions. Although it has a long exploration history, the petroleum potential of Burma may not yet be realized owing to rather limited modern exploration. It is estimated that less than one-half the petroleum has been discovered.

22

united states department of the interior … basin, aggregate undiscovered recoverable oil, burma,...

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