unit vii: urban geo. central places: service centers for local hinterlands transportation centers:...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: UNIT VII: Urban Geo. Central places: service centers for local hinterlands Transportation centers: break-of-bulk functions Specialized-function cities:](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022070407/56649e445503460f94b388f8/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
UNIT VII: Urban GeoUNIT VII: Urban Geo
![Page 2: UNIT VII: Urban Geo. Central places: service centers for local hinterlands Transportation centers: break-of-bulk functions Specialized-function cities:](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022070407/56649e445503460f94b388f8/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Central places: service centers for local hinterlands
Transportation centers: break-of-bulk functions
Specialized-function cities: dominated by one activity
3 basic types of cities:
metropolitan areametropolitan area: continuously built-up urban area
suburbssuburbs: extensive commuters residential land use
![Page 3: UNIT VII: Urban Geo. Central places: service centers for local hinterlands Transportation centers: break-of-bulk functions Specialized-function cities:](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022070407/56649e445503460f94b388f8/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
primate city: one disproportionately larger city in a country (Ex: Paris, Mexico City, Lagos)
rank-size rule: inverse relationship between size of a city & its urban rank
- 2nd largest city = ½ size of biggest
![Page 4: UNIT VII: Urban Geo. Central places: service centers for local hinterlands Transportation centers: break-of-bulk functions Specialized-function cities:](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022070407/56649e445503460f94b388f8/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Economic Base Theory
Basic Sector: businesses dependent upon sales outside the city
Non-basic Sector: jobs dependent upon basic sector (grocery store, barber, drycleaners, restaurants)
multiplier effect: increase in basic jobs increases non-basic jobs…
![Page 5: UNIT VII: Urban Geo. Central places: service centers for local hinterlands Transportation centers: break-of-bulk functions Specialized-function cities:](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022070407/56649e445503460f94b388f8/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
![Page 6: UNIT VII: Urban Geo. Central places: service centers for local hinterlands Transportation centers: break-of-bulk functions Specialized-function cities:](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022070407/56649e445503460f94b388f8/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
World cities: play a key role in the global economy (London, New York, Tokyo)
– financial centers– most have large pops.
Megacities: over 10 million
– over ½ of 20 largest cities today are in developing world
Problems: internal migration, slums, informal economies, poverty, crime, child labor, water, sewage
![Page 7: UNIT VII: Urban Geo. Central places: service centers for local hinterlands Transportation centers: break-of-bulk functions Specialized-function cities:](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022070407/56649e445503460f94b388f8/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
EXPLODING AGGLOMERATIONS2004: World’s top 10 cities
1. Tokyo 33.9m2. Mexico City 22.1m3. Seoul 22.0m4. New York 21.7m5. Sao Paulo 19.9m6. Mumbai 19.2m7. Delhi 18.7m8. Los Angeles 17.6m9. Osaka 16.7m10. Jakarta 16.6m
![Page 8: UNIT VII: Urban Geo. Central places: service centers for local hinterlands Transportation centers: break-of-bulk functions Specialized-function cities:](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022070407/56649e445503460f94b388f8/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
![Page 9: UNIT VII: Urban Geo. Central places: service centers for local hinterlands Transportation centers: break-of-bulk functions Specialized-function cities:](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022070407/56649e445503460f94b388f8/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Mexico City
![Page 10: UNIT VII: Urban Geo. Central places: service centers for local hinterlands Transportation centers: break-of-bulk functions Specialized-function cities:](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022070407/56649e445503460f94b388f8/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Cuautepec- exurb of Mexico City
![Page 11: UNIT VII: Urban Geo. Central places: service centers for local hinterlands Transportation centers: break-of-bulk functions Specialized-function cities:](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022070407/56649e445503460f94b388f8/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
![Page 12: UNIT VII: Urban Geo. Central places: service centers for local hinterlands Transportation centers: break-of-bulk functions Specialized-function cities:](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022070407/56649e445503460f94b388f8/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Walter Christaller’sCentral Place Theory
1. nested hexagons show a hierarchal ranking of market areas
hinterland: rural area outside urban areas
![Page 13: UNIT VII: Urban Geo. Central places: service centers for local hinterlands Transportation centers: break-of-bulk functions Specialized-function cities:](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022070407/56649e445503460f94b388f8/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
2. range of services: maximum distance consumers travel
* luxury items: longer range
3. Threshold pop.: minimum # of consumers to support a business
![Page 14: UNIT VII: Urban Geo. Central places: service centers for local hinterlands Transportation centers: break-of-bulk functions Specialized-function cities:](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022070407/56649e445503460f94b388f8/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Central Place Assumptions:
1. orderly hierarchy
2. places of the same size equally spaced
3. larger cities farther apart
![Page 15: UNIT VII: Urban Geo. Central places: service centers for local hinterlands Transportation centers: break-of-bulk functions Specialized-function cities:](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022070407/56649e445503460f94b388f8/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Classic Urban Land Use Models:
Concentric Zone ModelSector ModelMultiple Nuclei Model
![Page 16: UNIT VII: Urban Geo. Central places: service centers for local hinterlands Transportation centers: break-of-bulk functions Specialized-function cities:](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022070407/56649e445503460f94b388f8/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
• created by Ernest Burgess (1920s)• urban land use as concentric rings • “intensive” CBD in center… “extensive” suburbs on edge
![Page 17: UNIT VII: Urban Geo. Central places: service centers for local hinterlands Transportation centers: break-of-bulk functions Specialized-function cities:](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022070407/56649e445503460f94b388f8/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Concentric Zone Weaknesses:
• too simple
• developed only for American cities
• assumes public transit
• highways/cars allowed increased mobility
![Page 18: UNIT VII: Urban Geo. Central places: service centers for local hinterlands Transportation centers: break-of-bulk functions Specialized-function cities:](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022070407/56649e445503460f94b388f8/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Sector Model• Homer HoytHoyt (1939) stated land use patterns defined
by “sectoral wedges”
• “transportation corridors” impacts land use
• better transport = more expensive land
![Page 19: UNIT VII: Urban Geo. Central places: service centers for local hinterlands Transportation centers: break-of-bulk functions Specialized-function cities:](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022070407/56649e445503460f94b388f8/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Multiple Nuclei Model• Harris & Ullman (1945) see cities as multi-nucleated
w/ CBD @ center & smaller satellite CBD’s on edge
• applies to newer, faster-growing cities (Miami, L.A.)
![Page 20: UNIT VII: Urban Geo. Central places: service centers for local hinterlands Transportation centers: break-of-bulk functions Specialized-function cities:](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022070407/56649e445503460f94b388f8/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Inner City “Ghettoes”
1. became overcrowded, expensive, crime-ridden by 1940’s
2. “filtering”: expensive older houses subdivided for low-income families
3. “White Flight”: process of higher income whites moving out of city centers to suburbs
4. low-income public housing
![Page 21: UNIT VII: Urban Geo. Central places: service centers for local hinterlands Transportation centers: break-of-bulk functions Specialized-function cities:](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022070407/56649e445503460f94b388f8/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Suburbanization
• “decentralization” of city centers• popularity of automobile• “sprawl”: residential neighborhoods away
from CBD
edge cities: suburbs with their own CBD
greenbelts: open space for public use in suburbs
![Page 22: UNIT VII: Urban Geo. Central places: service centers for local hinterlands Transportation centers: break-of-bulk functions Specialized-function cities:](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022070407/56649e445503460f94b388f8/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Public Policy & Suburbs
1. Gov’t policies:
• Highway Acts (1916, 1956)• FHA 30-year mortgage (1934)• GI Bill (1944)
* post-WW II “BABY BOOM” = more families
![Page 23: UNIT VII: Urban Geo. Central places: service centers for local hinterlands Transportation centers: break-of-bulk functions Specialized-function cities:](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022070407/56649e445503460f94b388f8/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
![Page 24: UNIT VII: Urban Geo. Central places: service centers for local hinterlands Transportation centers: break-of-bulk functions Specialized-function cities:](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022070407/56649e445503460f94b388f8/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Gentrificationcgentrification: the movement of middle class people into deteriorated areas of city centers
– begins in rundown “hoods”– inner city cheaper than suburbs
Urban “revitalization”/”renewal”:Urban “revitalization”/”renewal”:
– “renewing” rotting downtown waterfronts
![Page 25: UNIT VII: Urban Geo. Central places: service centers for local hinterlands Transportation centers: break-of-bulk functions Specialized-function cities:](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022070407/56649e445503460f94b388f8/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
![Page 26: UNIT VII: Urban Geo. Central places: service centers for local hinterlands Transportation centers: break-of-bulk functions Specialized-function cities:](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022070407/56649e445503460f94b388f8/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
European CitiesEuropean Cities• central cities• wealthy live in city center• higher poverty/crime/ethnic enclaves in suburbs
Latin American CitiesLatin American Cities
• fastest urban growth in world• central plaza• wealthy live close to major blvd. near CBD• Poor live in outskirts or “disamenity sector” (lack of facilities)– “in situ accretion”: transition to slums & squatters
![Page 27: UNIT VII: Urban Geo. Central places: service centers for local hinterlands Transportation centers: break-of-bulk functions Specialized-function cities:](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022070407/56649e445503460f94b388f8/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
![Page 28: UNIT VII: Urban Geo. Central places: service centers for local hinterlands Transportation centers: break-of-bulk functions Specialized-function cities:](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022070407/56649e445503460f94b388f8/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
African CitiesAfrican Cities• N. Africa: Islamic architecture• S. Africa: remnants of apartheid (blacks segregated in
“townships”)
Asian Cities:Asian Cities:• centered around ports• open-air bazaar markets
![Page 30: UNIT VII: Urban Geo. Central places: service centers for local hinterlands Transportation centers: break-of-bulk functions Specialized-function cities:](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022070407/56649e445503460f94b388f8/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Johannesburg, South Africa
Lagos, Nigeria
![Page 31: UNIT VII: Urban Geo. Central places: service centers for local hinterlands Transportation centers: break-of-bulk functions Specialized-function cities:](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022070407/56649e445503460f94b388f8/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
![Page 32: UNIT VII: Urban Geo. Central places: service centers for local hinterlands Transportation centers: break-of-bulk functions Specialized-function cities:](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022070407/56649e445503460f94b388f8/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
![Page 33: UNIT VII: Urban Geo. Central places: service centers for local hinterlands Transportation centers: break-of-bulk functions Specialized-function cities:](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022070407/56649e445503460f94b388f8/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)