UNIT ONE: PURPOSES AND TYPES OF GOVERNMENT

AN INTRODUCTION TO GOVERNMENT

TABLE OF CONTENTS

• PART ONE: PURPOSES OF GOVERNMENT

• PART TWO: SYSTEMS OF GOVERNMENT

• PART THREE: TYPES OF GOVERNMENT

• PART FOUR: PRINCIPLES OF DEMOCRACY

UNIT TERMS• PART ONE: ANARCHY; GOVERNMENT; LAW

• PART TWO: UNITARY SYSTEM; CONFEDERATE SYSTEM; FEDERAL SYSTEM;

• PART THREE: AUTHORITARIAN; ABSOLUTE MONARCHY; AUTOCRACY; OLIGARCHY ;

TOTALITARIAN; CONSTITUTIONAL MONARCHY; DEMOCRACY; DIRECT DEMOCRACY;

REPRESENTATIVE DEMOCRACY; NATION STATE; PARLIAMENTARY GOVERNMENT; PRIME

MINISTER

• PART FOUR: FEDERALISM; UNLIMITED GOVERNMENT; EQUAL PROTECTION; INDIVIDUAL

RIGHTS; LIMITED GOVERNMENT; MAJORITY RULE; POPULAR SOVEREIGNTY; RULE OF

LAW

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”GOVERNMENT IS OUR ‘BOSS!’

PART ONE: FUNCTIONS OF GOVERNMENT

PART ONE: FUNCTIONS • GOVERNMENT IS OUR BOSS!

• B: BUDGET (MAKE ECONOMIC DECISIONS)

• O: ORDER (MAINTAIN SOCIAL ORDER)

• S: SECURITY (PROVIDE NATIONAL SECURITY)

• S: SERVICES (PROVIDE PUBLIC SERVICES)

PART ONE: FUNCTIONS • B: BUDGET (MAKE ECONOMIC DECISIONS)

• GOVERNMENT MAKES CHOICES ABOUT HOW TO GIVE OUT BENEFITS AND SERVICES AMONG CITIZENS

• MAY GET INVOLVED IN OTHER NATIONS’ ECONOMIES AS WELL

• EXAMPLES: TAXES; IMPORTS/EXPORTS; WHICH COUNTRIES TO TRADE WITH; CREATING A NATIONAL BUDGET

BUDGET (MAKING ECONOMIC DECISIONS)

• HOW WOULD A WAR EFFECT THE BUDGET? WOULD TAXES LIKELY INCREASE/DECREASE AND WHY?

• WHY WOULD A GOVERNMENT DECIDE TO RAISE TAXES DURING A DEPRESSION?

• WHY WOULD THEY DECIDE TO LOWER TAXES DURING A DEPRESSION?

PART ONE: FUNCTIONS • O: ORDER (MAINTAINING SOCIAL ORDER)

• GOVERNMENT PROVIDES WAYS OF SOLVING CONFLICT AMONG CITIZENS;

• PLACES LIMITS ON WHAT PEOPLE CAN DO

• EXAMPLES: MAKING/ENFORCING LAWS; POLICE SERVICES; PRISONS/JAILS/DETENTION CENTERS

ORDER (MAINTAIN SOCIAL ORDER)

• WOULD SOCIETY BE BETTER OFF WITHOUT LAWS/GOVERNMENT (ANARCHY) OR WITH A GOVERNMENT WITH COMPLETE CONTROL (DICTATORSHIP)?

• SHOULD CONSEQUENCES BE HARSH OR SHOULD THEY BE EASED WITH THE INTENT OF REHABILITATION?

PART ONE: FUNCTIONS • S: SECURITY (PROVIDE NATIONAL SECURITY)

• GOVERNMENT PROTECTS CITIZENS FROM ATTACKS BY OTHER NATIONS

• HANDLES DIPLOMACY WITH OTHER NATIONS

• EXAMPLES: CIA; FBI; MILITARY; NATIONAL GUARD; NSA (NATIONAL SECURITY AGENCY)

SECURITY (NATIONAL SECURITY)

• IF A SUSPECTED TERRORIST IS WITHHOLDING IMPORTANT INFORMATION, SHOULD HE/SHE BE GIVEN CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTS DURING INTERROGATION?

PART ONE: FUNCTIONS • S: SERVICES (PROVIDE PUBLIC SERVICES)

• GOVERNMENT PROVIDES ESSENTIAL SERVICES TO MAKE COMMUNITY LIFE POSSIBLE

• PROVIDE THINGS THAT INDIVIDUALS WOULD NOT PROVIDE ON THEIR OWN

• EXAMPLES: SCHOOLS; MAIL SERVICES; LIBRARIES; ETC…

SERVICES (PUBLIC SERVICES)• WOULD YOU RATHER HAVE GREAT

GOVERNMENT SERVICES BUT HIGHER TAXES, OR WAY FEWER GOVERNMENT SERVICES, BUT LOWER TAXES, AND WHY?

“

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SYSTEMS OF GOVERNMENT – A FIGHT FOR POWER!

U.F.C.!

PART TWO: SYSTEMS OF GOVERNMENT

THREE SYSTEMS OF GOVERNMENT – U.F.C.

•UNITARY

•FEDERAL

•CONFEDERATE

THREE SYSTEMS OF GOVERNMENT – U.F.C.

•UNITARY - A PRINCIPAL HAS TOTAL POWER

•FEDERAL – PRINCIPAL HAS GREAT POWER; BUT TEACHERS DO AS WELL; THEY MUST WORK TOGETHER

•CONFEDERATE – TEACHERS HAVE ALL POWER

UNITARY GOVERNMENT• A GOVERNMENT THAT GIVES ALL

KEY POWERS TO THE NATIONAL OR CENTRAL GOVERNMENT (UNI = ONE)

• EXAMPLES: UNITED KINGDOM; FRANCE; AFGHANISTAN

FEDERAL SYSTEM• A SYSTEM IN WHICH POWER IS

DIVIDED BETWEEN THE NATIONAL AND STATE GOVERNMENTS

• EXAMPLE: IN THE UNITED STATES, GREAT POWER IS GIVEN TO THE NATIONAL GOVERNMENT, BUT MANY POWERS ARE GIVEN TO STATES AS WELL.

FEDERAL SYSTEM• A SYSTEM IN WHICH POWER IS

DIVIDED BETWEEN THE NATIONAL AND STATE GOVERNMENTS

• EXAMPLE: IN THE UNITED STATES, GREAT POWER IS GIVEN TO THE NATIONAL GOVERNMENT, BUT MANY POWERS ARE GIVEN TO STATES AS WELL

• CANADA

CONFEDERATE SYSTEM• POWERS ARE GIVEN TO THE

INDIVIDUAL STATES, NOT TO A CENTRAL GOVERNMENT

• EXAMPLES: THE SOUTH (CONFEDERACY) DURING THE CIVIL WAR;

• THE COLONIES DURING THE REVOLUTION AND UNDER THE ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION

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AUTHORITARIAN VS. DEMOCRACY

PART THREE: TYPES OF GOVERNMENT

AUTHORITARIAN: • A GOVERNMENT IN WHICH ONE

LEADER OR A SMALL GROUP OF PEOPLE HOLDS ABSOLUTE POWER.

• REQUIRES GREAT OBEDIENCE TO LEADER(S)

• LITTLE OR NO INFLUENCE IN GOVERNMENT

• ONLY ONE LEGAL POLITICAL PARTY

AUTHORITARIAN:

• LEADER OFTEN CHOSEN THROUGH FORCE

• LITTLE OR NO FREEDOMS

• NO FREEDOM: OF SPEECH; ASSEMBLY; MOVEMENT/TRAVEL; JUSTICE

• STRICT CENSORSHIP; HARSH PUNISHMENTS

TYPES OF AUTHORITARIAN• OLIGARCHY – RULE BY A SMALL,

ELITE GROUP

• OFTEN BASED OFF FAMILY TIES, WEALTH, EDUCATION, MILITARY POWER, ETC…

• AUTOCRACY – RULE BY ONE

• EXAMPLES: ABSOLUTE MONARCHY; TOTALITARIAN DICTATORSHIP

TYPES OF AUTHORITARIAN• ABSOLUTE MONARCHY -

• A SYSTEM OF GOVERNMENT IN WHICH THE HEAD OF STATE IS A HEREDITARY POSITION AND THE KING OR QUEEN HAS ALMOST COMPLETE POLITICAL POWER.

"I am the State!“ – Louis XIV

TYPES OF AUTHORITARIAN• TOTALITARIAN DICTATORSHIP –

• A POLITICAL SYSTEM IN WHICH THE GOVERNMENT HAS TOTAL CONTROL OVER THE LIVES OF INDIVIDUAL CITIZENS.

• CONTROLS NEARLY ALL ASPECTS OF THE STATE (ECONOMIC; POLITICAL; SOCIAL; CULTURE)

• CONTROL SCIENCE, EDUCATION, ART, PRIVATE LIVES, ETC…

• GOVERNMENT IS LIMITLESS

• EXAMPLES: NAZI GERMANY/HITLER; ITALY DURING MUSSOLINI’S REIGN; SOVIET UNION/STALIN; CHINA/MAO ZEDONG; NORTH KOREA

A GREAT LEAP FORWARD? • MAO ZEDONG’S POLICY OF

TRANSFERRING CHINA FROM AN AGRICULTURAL BASED SOCIETY TO AN INDUSTRIAL ONE

• LED TO GREAT CHINESE FAMINE – BETWEEN 15 MILLION AND 43 MILLION DEATHS IN A 3 YEAR PERIOD (1958 TO 1961)

• BORN AS A FARMER, ROSE TO POWER AND LED CHINA TO BECOMING A GREAT WORLD POWER

• PROMOTED STATUS OF WOMEN; IMPROVED EDUCATION, HEALTHCARE, HOUSING, LIFE EXPECTANCY

WARMUP QUESTIONS – OLIGARCHY; AUTOCRACY; TOTALITARIAN DICTATORSHIP; ABSOLUTE MONARCHY

1. THIS IS A KING/QUEEN WHO HAS COMPLETE POWER AND USUALLY INHERITS

THAT POWER.

2. THIS MEANS ‘RULE BY ONE’:

3. THIS MEANS ‘RULE BY A SMALL, ELITE GROUP’:

4. THIS IS ONE PERSON WHO TAKES POWER BY FORCE AND HAS COMPLETE

CONTROL OF SOCIETY (HITLER, STALIN, MUSSOLINI)

OBJECTIVE

• SWBAT IDENTIFY THE 7 ‘FILMERS’ OF DEMOCRACY, AS WELL AS BE ABLE TO EXPLAIN THE DIFFERENT DEMOCRACY TYPES.

• REVIEW AUTHORITARIAN TYPES

• ‘FILMERS’ OF DEMOCRACY

• POEM ON ‘FILMERS’ OF DEMOCRACY (WITH QUESTIONS)

• TYPES OF DEMOCRACIES

• HOMEWORK (DUE WEDNESDAY): PRESIDENTIAL VS. PARLIAMENTARY DEMOCRACIES; DEMOCRATIC PRINCIPLES

DATES

• UNIT QUIZ: FRIDAY, 9/12

• UNIT ONE TEST: THURSDAY, 9/18 (THE REST OF THE PACKET IS DUE)

FILMERS OF DEMOCRACY?

DEMOCRATIC PRINCIPLES• FEDERALISM: (FEDERAL SYSTEM):

POWER IS DIVIDED BETWEEN

NATIONAL AND STATE

GOVERNMENTS (AS WELL AS LOCAL!)

• REVIEW QUESTION: WHAT ARE THE

OTHER TWO SYSTEMS OF

GOVERNMENT?

DEMOCRATIC PRINCIPLES• INDIVIDUAL RIGHTS AND FREEDOMS

THAT ARE GUARANTEED

DEMOCRATIC PRINCIPLES• LIMITED GOVERNMENT, INCLUDING

SEPARATION OF POWERS AND CHECKS AND

BALANCES

• SEPARATION OF POWERS: RESPONSIBILITIES

OF GOVERNMENT ARE DIVIDED INTO THREE

SEPARATE BRANCHES (LEGISLATIVE,

EXECUTIVE, JUDICIAL)

• CHECKS AND BALANCES: ALL THREE

BRANCHES OF GOVERNMENT HAVE POWERS

TO OVERRIDE THE OTHERS; THIS LIMITS THE

POWER OF EACH BRANCH

DEMOCRATIC PRINCIPLES• MAJORITY RULE WITH MINORITY

RIGHTS PROTECTED

• MAJORITY RULE – THE IDEA THAT

WHAT THE MAJORITY OF THE PEOPLE

WISH FOR WILL BE GRANTED

HOW ARE WE DOING SO FAR?

DEMOCRATIC PRINCIPLES• EQUALITY OF ALL PERSONS UNDER

LAW

DEMOCRATIC PRINCIPLES• RULE OF LAW, WITH THE RIGHT TO

ALTER, ABOLISH, OR FORM A NEW

GOVERNMENT

• RULE OF LAW STATES THAT THE LAW

APPLIES EQUALLY TO ALL CITIZENS,

REGARDLESS OF STATUS

DEMOCRATIC PRINCIPLES• CONSENT OF THE GOVERNED/

POPULAR SOVEREIGNTY – THE IDEA

THAT POWER COMES FROM THE

PEOPLE

• (SOVEREIGNTY)

‘FILMERS’ OF DEMOCRACY?

DATES

• UNIT QUIZ: FRIDAY, 9/12

• UNIT ONE TEST: THURSDAY, 9/18 (THE REST OF THE PACKET IS DUE)

IF IT’S A DEMOCRACY, THEN IT’S EITHER…

DIRECT DEMOCRACY

• ALL VOTERS IN A COMMUNITY MEET IN ONE

PLACE TO MAKE LAWS AND DECIDE WHAT

ACTIONS TO TAKE (ANCIENT GREECE)

REPRESENTATIVE DEMOCRACY

• PEOPLE ELECT REPRESENTATIVES TO CARRY ON

THE WORK OF GOVERNMENT FOR THEM (USA)

• IF IT’S DIRECT DEMOCRACY, THEN THAT’S

THAT…BUT IF IT IS REPRESENTATIVE, THEN…

IF IT’S REPRESENTATIVEPARLIAMENTARY GOVERNMENT (ENGLAND)

• THE ELECTED LEGISLATIVE BODY

(PARLIAMENT) CHOOSES AN EXECUTIVE (PRIME

MINISTER) FROM ITS OWN MEMBERS;

-THEREFORE BOTH EXECUTIVE & LEGISLATIVE

FUNCTIONS BOTH RESIDE IN THIS ELECTED

ASSEMBLY (PARLIAMENT)

PRESIDENTIAL GOVERNMENT (UNITED STATES)

• PEOPLE ELECT AN EXECUTIVE (PRESIDENT) TO

HEAD THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH OF

GOVERNMENT

• IF IT’S DIRECT DEMOCRACY, THEN THAT’S

THAT…BUT IF IT IS REPRESENTATIVE, THEN…

IF IT’S REPRESENTATIVECONSTITUTIONAL MONARCHY

• A FORM OF GOVERNMENT IN WHICH THE

POWER OF THE MONARCH (KING/QUEEN) IS

LIMITED BY PARLIAMENT