unit i - alternative energy systems

8/12/2019 Unit I - Alternative Energy Systems

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A LTERNATIVE ENERGY S YSTEMS



A LTERNATIVE POWER TRAIN TECHNOLOGIES

Battery Electric Vehicles (BEV)

Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEV)

Fuel Cell Vehicles (FCV)

Hybrid Fuel Cell Vehicles (HFCV) Fuel Cell EVs (FCEV)

Solar Vehicles (SV)

Hybrid Gas Turbine EVs

Nuclear Concept Vehicles (NCV)



B ATTERY ELECTRIC VEHICLES

What is an electric vehicle?

A car that runs on electricity

How do they work?

Use electricity not petrol Energy comes from a power outlet via a cord to the

car

Energy stored in a battery

Energy powers the electric motor, moving the car.



BEV L AYOUT



BEV A RCHITECTURE



COMPARISON OF ELECTRIC WITH

G ASOLINE



ARE EVS BETTER FOR THE ENVIRONMENT?

• produce 27 per cent less CO2 than petrol cars

• help to reduce greenhouse gas emissions

• Produce no carbon emissions when powered using

renewable energy



BENEFITS OF ELECTRIC VEHICLES?

cheaper to run because electricity is cheaper than petrol

better for the environment

reduce noise pollution

less environmental impacts across their life-cycle(manufacturing, use and disposal)



REGENERATIVE BRAKING

What is regenerative braking?

Captures the energy from braking, normally lost as heat

Uses it to ‘top up’ the battery



WHAT ARE SOME DISADVANTAGES OF EVS?

currently more expensive than normal cars

not many places to charge your car

can only travel 100-160km between charges

Charging can take hours

Silent operation – potentially dangerous for pedestrians



H YBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLES

Use the combination of engine of a conventional

vehicle with an electric motor powered by

traction batteries or fuel cell.

The combination helps in achieving both energy

and environmental goals.



HEV DESIGNS AND THEIR A RCHITECTURE

Series

Parallel



BENEFITS OF HEVS

It’s Clean

Battery recharges when you brake.

Fuel efficiency is greatly increased

Can reduce dependency on fossil fuels Smaller engine

Higher resale value



DISADVANTAGES OF HEVS

Lower power output

Poorer handling

Higher center of gravity

Higher maintenance costs



FUEL CELL VEHICLES

Uses hydrogen as a power source for the

vehicle propulsion



HOW TO USE HYDROGEN TO FUEL A

CAR?

Unlike batteries, fuel cells

don’t need to be replaced.

We just have to refill the

tank with H2!

Let’s see a hydrogen fuel

cell works!



H YDROGEN FUEL CELL



A NIMATION OF FC



BENEFITS OF FUEL CELL VEHICLES

Zero tailpipe emissions

Higher energy efficiency than the internal

combustion engine

Regenerative braking Energy security

Potential of near-zero well-to-wheel emissions

when using hydrogen



CHALLENGES

Cost reduction.

Increased reliability and durability.

Hydrogen generation, distribution, dispensing

and onboard storage. Availability and affordability of hydrogen

refueling.



SOLAR C ARS

Powered by sun’s energy

Solar array collect the energy from the sun and

converts it into usable electrical energy

Power trackers convert it into the requiredvoltage

Motor controller sends power to the motor



BENEFITS OF SVS

Solar powered cars do not require any expense

for running.

Solar cars are quite.

Solar cars require very low maintenance. Solar cars produces no harmful emissions.



DISADVANTAGES OF SVS

Solar powered cars can operate only for limited

distances if there is no sun

If it is dark out for many days, the car battery

will not charge and you this can seem as

a problem to many problem. This is the main

reason why people don’t rely on solar cars.

A good solar powered car is expensive. It will cost

$200,000 or more.

Parts used in solar cars are not produced in large

quantity so they are expensive.

unit i - alternative energy systems

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