Unit Essential Question: How did aggressive world powers emerge, and what did it take to

defeat them during World War II?

AIM: What events unfolded between Chamberlain’s declaration of “peace for our

time” and the outbreak of a world war?

Do Now: Rhineland Occupation Poker Game

-Get your bluff ready-

France

You lost nearly two million men in the Great War

Your economy is in bad shape.

There are political riots on your streets daily.

You are not sure if the British will support you.

The Rhineland is indisputably part of Germany.

The German army appears very strong.

Britain

You lost nearly a million men in the Great War

Your economy is in bad shape.

You have just signed a naval treaty with Germany.

You can’t see how a militarised Rhineland is any threat to Britain.

You don’t trust the French to fight.

Neville Chamberlain

September 1938

“For the second time in our history, a British Prime Minister has returned from Germany bringing peace with honor. I believe it is peace for our time…Go home and get a nice quiet sleep.”

Aggression Goes Unchecked

1930s Pattern: Dictators took aggressive action but met only verbal protests and pleas for peace from the democracies.

Japan Overruns Manchuria and Eastern China

Italy Invades Ethiopia

Hitler Goes Against the Treaty of Versailles

Appeasement

Pacifism

-giving in to the demands of an aggressor in order to keep the peace.

-opposition to all war

Rome – Berlin – Tokyo Axis Powers

Spain Collapses into Civil War

1936 Francisco Franco begins Civil War

Nationalists vs. Loyalists (Communists, Socialists, and those for democracy)

Both sides committed horrible atrocities

Ex: German Air Raid on Guernica

Franco sets up fascist dictatorship

German Aggression Continues

Hitler continues goal of bringing all German-speaking people into Third Reich

Austria Annexed 1938

Anschluss: union of Germany & Austria

The Czech Crisis

Sudetenland: region of Western Czechoslovakia

Munich Pact 1938

Winston Churchill “They had to choose between war and

dishonor. They chose dishonor; they will have war.”

Europe Plunges Toward War

Nazi-Soviet Pact: nonaggression pact with his great enemy – Joseph Stalin

Public: bound to peaceful relations

Private: not to fight if the other went to war and to divide up Poland and rest of Eastern Europe

NOT BASED ON FRIENDSHIP OR RESPECT BUT ON MUTUAL NEED

SEPTEMBER 1ST 1939INVASION OF POLAND

Let’s Summarize….

How did the start of WWII compare to the start of WWI?

What’s the same? What’s different this time? What is at

stake?

AIM: Which regions were attacked and occupied by the

Axis powers, and what was life like under their occupation?

Do Now:Answer yesterday’s AIM: What events unfolded between

Chamberlain’s declaration of “peace for our time” and the outbreak of a world war?

The Axis Attacks Sept 1st 1939, Nazi forces storm into

Poland

Blitzkrieg “lightning war”

Britain & France have to declare war on Germany

Miracle of Dunkirk- raises British morale

France Falls – surrenders June 22, 1940

Moving on to Britain - Operation Sea Lion, Germany Launches the Blitz

Hitler Fails to Take Britain

Africa and the Balkans – Italy and Germany take North Africa, Greece, Yugoslavia, Bulgaria, Hungary

Germany Invades the Soviet Union

June 1941 – Hitler nullified the Nazi-Soviet pact

Operation Barbarossa – 3 million Germans invade Soviet Union

Siege of Leningrad – two and a half year attempt, city never falls to the Germans, Hitler failed to conquer Russia

Stalin urges Churchill to help, two powers agree to work together

Life Under Nazi and Japanese Occupation

The Holocaust 1) This was the event during World War II

in which Hitler and the Nazis tried to kill all Jews in Europe. 6 million Jews and 6 million non-Jews were killed during this event.

2) The Holocaust is an example of genocide- the attempt to exterminate (kill off) an entire group of people. All genocides are considered human rights violations.

Japan’s Brutal Conquest1) Mission “help Asians escape Western

colonial rule”2) Real Goal – create Japanese empire in

Asia3) Tortured and killed Chinese, Filipinos,

Malaysians, etc.

Japan Attacks the United States

United States declared its neutrality in 1939

By March 1941, American involvement grows through Lend-Lease Program

December 7th 1941 Attack on Pearl Harbor

Declare war on Japan

December 11th – Germany and Italy declare was on US

Let’s Summarize…“In Class they came first for the students with 58s, and I didn't speak

up because I didn’t have a 58.Then they came for the 65s, and I didn't speak up because I wasn't a

65. Then they came for the 75s, and I didn't speak up because I wasn't a

75. Then they came for the 85s, and I didn't speak up because I was a 95.

Then they came for me, and by that time no one was left tospeak up.”

--Teacher Krista Rappoccio, 2015

AIM: How did the Allies begin to push back the Axis powers?

Do Now: How do you feel walking into class today?

George S. Patton After WWI he was

promoted through the ranks over the next several decades, he reached the high point of his career during World War II, when he led the U.S. 7th Army in its invasion of Sicily and swept across northern France at the head of the 3rd Army in the summer of 1944.

The Big Three

1943 – Tehran, Iran

Desert Fox and the Ike

General Erwin RommelGerman Field Marshal

General Dwight EisenhowerAmerican General

June 6, 1944

Invasion of Normandy, 1944

The Allies invaded France on June 6, 1944, also known as D-Day. Allied troops were ferried across the English Channel, landing on the beaches of Normandy. They broke through German defenses to advance toward Paris and freed France from German control. The Allies then moved from France into Germany.

Battle of the Bulge

December 1944

Yalta Conference February 1945 – Big Three make agreement that

1. the Soviet Union would enter the war against Japan within three months of Germany’s surrender.

2. Soviets would take possession of new lands

3. Germany gets divided into four zones

4. Free elections in Eastern Europe

AIM: How did the Allies finally defeat the Axis

powers?Do Now: Three Wartime Ethical

DecisionsWhat would you do?

Do NowYou are the president of the United States—Commander in Chief of the Armed Forces. Your country is at total war. Five years ago you signed an international treaty outlawing the use of poisonous gas on the battlefield. Your opponent has also signed this treaty. Now you are losing the war and facing a shortage of conventional weapons and soldiers. Intelligence reports indicate the enemy will be mounting a major offensive against your army in seven days. This greater force will have the advantage in men, vehicles, artillery, and ammunition. Your Army Chief of Staff informs you that your army could equalize conditions on the battlefield by firing artillery shells loaded with surplus poison gas at the advancing enemy army. What would you do?

You are Chief of Intelligence for OSS (the forerunner of the CIA). Your agents in the field have captured an enemy agent working deep inside your office as a double agent. You suspect that he has vital information about the enemy’s production of a nuclear bomb. The information he could provide about where the bomb is being built may allow you to destroy the factory, saving tens of thousands of lives. He refuses to answer any of your questions. What would you do?

You work for the British Intelligence—MI-6. Your office has secretly cracked the German Enigma code—a program you call Ultra—which allows you to listen in on much of the secret German communication. On November 12, 1940, you intercept German messages describing Operation Moonlight Sonata—an air raid in great strength for the night of November 14/15, 1940, against the cathedral and industrial city of Coventry. You have only days to act on the information. But anything you do will alert the Germans that you had foreknowledge of the raid—probably from breaking their Enigma code. Germany will then change the code system that will eliminate any future information being retrieved. What would you do?

Nazi’s Defeated V-E Day: Victory in Europe

May 8th 1945

Why did Germany ultimately lose?

1. Geography: Because of location, Germans had to fight on several fronts simultaneously

2. Hitler made some poor military decisions

3. Enormous productive capacity of the United States

Struggle for the Pacific

By May 1942, the Japanese had gained control of most of Southeast Asia & many Pacific Islands

Bataan Death March –Philippines

United States finally takes the offensive by late 1942

“island-hopping”: goal of campaign was to recapture some Japanese-held islands while bypassing others

General Douglas MacArthur and Admiral Chester Nimitz

Invasion or the Bomb?Turn to a partner and create a list of positives for both – minimum

three bullet points for each.

Atomic Bomb Facts:-a medium sized high explosive WW2 Bomb

weighed 500 kilos-1945: the A bomb dropped on Hiroshima

contained the atomic equivalent of 13,000 tons of high explosive

-1950: an early “themo-nuclear” Hydrogen bomb of the early 1950s would have been approximately 1000 times more powerful than the Hiroshima bomb

WWIIBOMB

DAMAGE

Defeat for Japan 1944 – Kamikaze pilots (who

undertake suicide missions)

Manhattan Project – code name for researching/testing atomic bomb

Hiroshima – August 6, 1945

August 8th, 1945 – Soviet Union declares war on Japan & invades Manchuria

Nagasaki – August 9, 1945

August 10, 1945: Emperor Hirohito forces government to surrender

September 2, 1945 – official peace treaty signed

Nagasaki - Aftermath

The use of the atomic bomb was necessary to end World War II.

The use of nuclear weapons is ethically/morally acceptable.

Immediate Effects of the Dropping of the Atomic Bomb

Exit How do the Allies avoid the mistakes of 1919 and build the foundations for a stable world

peace?

AIM: What issues arose in the aftermath of World War II

and how did new tensions develop?

Do Now: How do the Allies avoid the mistakes of 1919 and build the foundations for a stable

world peace?

The War’s Aftermath

Horrors of the Holocaust

War Crimes Trials

Nuremberg: 200 Germans and Austrians were tried, and most were found guilty.

Handful of top Nazis received death penalty

Establishing the United Nations

April 1945 – United Nations

Organization to take on world’s problems

More than just peacekeeping

Greater role in world affair than its predecessor, the League of Nations

50 nations convened and joined General Assembly

The Alliance Breaks Apart

End of WWII, US and USSR emerge as the two world leaders

Differences Grow Between Allies

Cooperation was only to defeat Nazis

Reparations in Germany & nature of governments in Eastern Europe cause divisions to deeper

The Cold War Begins

New Conflicts Develop

Truman Doctrine: March 12, 1947 rooted in the idea of containment, limit communism as much as possible

The Marshall Plan: US offers massive aid package

Declined by Stalin

Germany stays divided (look to picture on left)

Berlin Airlift:

New Conflicts Develop

NATO: North Atlantic Treaty Organization

Members pledge to help one another if any one of them were attacked

Warsaw Pact: invoked by Stalin to keep satellites in order

Human Rights

http://www.youthforhumanrights.org/what-are-human-rights.html