unit eight lead-in activities vocabulary enrichment structure analysis translation guided writing

Unit Eight

Lead-in Activities

Vocabulary Enrichment

Structure Analysis

Translation

Guided Writing

Class discussion

Discuss with the class how new ideas explode into people’s minds.

I. Lead-in Activities

Possible answers:

fall into a sleeplike condition

listen to music

drink in the beauty of nature

discuss with my friends

What methods do you tend to use to create new ideas when you feel cornered?

I.Lead-in Activities

1. Where do good ideas come from according to the author?

Possible answer:

They come from the unconscious.

2. How is the example of Henry Poincare different from that of Richard Wagner?

Conscious mind is his source of inspiration.


Directions: Watch the video and answer some true or false questions.

返回


Decide whether the following statements are true or false according to the video.

F If Edison started on an experiment and failed, he would quit.

T Edison and his team did thousands of experiments before they turned out a bulb that would glow for 3 days. T To Edison, genius is one percent inspiration and 99 percent of perspiration.

I. Lead-in ActivitiesSome secrets for being creative:

curiosity

diligence

explore the unknownexplore the unknown

Challenge the authority

I. Lead-in Activities: watch and enjoy

Are they original and exciting!

I. Lead-in Activities: watch and enjoy

Isn’t it creative!

II. Vocabulary Enrichment

Useful expressions

1. Sleep on: postpone decision about sth; delay deciding until the next day

examples:

We will have to sleep on his invitation until we know whether we are free Saturday night.

先看看…再决定是否…

先别决定是否接受这个工作，先考虑以完再说。Don’t say now whether you’ll take the job: sleep on it first.

II. Vocabulary Enrichment2. flash: come or occur suddenly

examples:

His eyes flashes with anger.

An idea suddenly flashes across his mind.

突然闪现；冒出…

happenedoccurred

II. Vocabulary Enrichment3. occur, happen, take place

1) Both “occur” and “happen” can take sth as their subject and be used in the pattern:

sth happens / occurs to sb

An accident to him yesterday.

A good idea to him.happened occurred

“Happen” stresses the idea that an event happens to sb by chance.

“Occur” means an idea or a plan suddenly comes to one’s mind.


2) Both “happen” and “occur” can be used in the structure:

It happens / occurs…… that …

It to me that he might not

be telling the truth.

happenedoccurred

an idea

It that my next door

neighbor died in the kitchen yesterday.

happenedoccurred

an event

II. Vocabulary Enrichment3) Take place: happen as planned

The wedding party takes place on next Sunday.

4. Burst into the mind = flash into one’s mind; occur to one’s mind; explode into one’s mindNote: “burst into” suggests a sudden show of sth.

burst into laughter/ anger/ tears

burst into storm/ flames/ blossom


examples:

5. personality: famous person, esp. in the world of entertainment or sport

a television personality

personalities from the film world

great personalities of history

He is one of the best known personalities in journalism.


6. to experience sth. in an intensified form

对……有着强烈的感受examples:

海外游客对中国二十年来发生的巨大变化有着强烈的感受。

Overseas guests have experienced in an intensified form the great changes that have taken place in China during the past 20 years.


Intensify: make or become stronger

examples:

The draught has intensified.

The terrorists have intensified their bombing campaign in

London.

II. Vocabulary Enrichment7. high & highly: adv.

1) “High” refers to height, while “highly” expresses an extreme degree.

指空间概念 : 位置高

表程度 ≈ very muchexamples:

a. The bird sang__________ and clearly.

A. high B. highlyhigh

b. He thinks very ____________ of me.

A. High B. highly

highly


2) “Highly” is used to modify adjectives or participles

examples:

a highly developed country

a highly amusing film

a highly scientific methodscientific

amusingdeveloped

3) “High” is used in compound words.

high-heeled shoes

a high-pitched voice

high-heeled

high-pitched


8. be occupied with: be busy with; be engaged in

examples:

The people of that country are mainly occupied with agriculture.

His mind is occupied with the thoughts of the coming holidays.


9. to do /be sth. without and sth. else within ：外表……可内心……examples:

她外表显得很安详，可内心的斗争却十分激烈。She is at peace without and at war within.

他外表老实，可内心奸诈。He is honest without and cunning and wicked within.

II. Vocabulary Enrichment10. Take shape: grow into a fixed form; materialize

examples:

I’d like to see some of your good resolutions take concrete shape.

我希望看到你那些好决策具体化。

Plans for our vacation are beginning to take shape.

…… 开始形成。

II. Vocabulary Enrichment11. to be contrary to one’s usual habit

一反常态examples:

为了准备与女友的这次决定性的约会，他今天一反常态 , 起了个大早。

Contrary to his usual habit, he got up early this morning to get ready for this decisive date with his girl.


12. . to keep surging in one’s head ( 某事 ) 萦绕在心间

examples:

尽管他离开中国已经多年，但在中国的所见所闻依然在他眼前浮现。

Though years have passed since he left China, what he had seen there still keeps surging in his head.


examples:

12. establish: prove; show

Further investigations established that she had indeed visited the area several times.

证实；确认

The police can’t establish where he was at the time.

II. Vocabulary Enrichment13. exemplify: give an example of sth; be a typical example of sth

His poems exemplified the taste of that period.

examples:

The teacher exemplified the use of the word.

II. Vocabulary Enrichment14. representative of:

1) typical / characteristic of ：有代表性的；典型的

a building representative of modern architecture

a painting representative of his early works

2) presenting a group

The government is directly representative of the popular will.

现代建筑设计的代表性建筑

早期具有代表性的作品

… 直接代表民意的政府

III. Structure analysis1. Structure for partial negation

原句

…, all ideas don’t occur like that but so many do.

并非所有的思想都是这样产生的，但许多思想的产生确实如此。并非所有的

句型提炼

All…not… : 并非所有的…；并非都…

III. Structure analysis

examples: 闪光者未必皆金。

All that glisters is not gold.

Note1: “ Not” can be removed to the beginning of the sentence.

examples:

Not all the students support on-line learning.


Note2: Both and every can also be used in the structure for partial negation.

examples:

Not both methods are practical.

= Both methods are not practical.

Not every student will a translator.

= Every student is not a translator.


Note 4: When all, both or every are followed by words with a negative prefix , the sentence expresses an entirely negative meaning.

examples:

Everybody was unkind at the meeting.

All his fuss was unnecessary.


Note 5: Sometimes “all… not” structure is used to express an entire negation; which is which is determined by the context.

examples:

All the civilized people can’t be cannibals.

凡是文明人都不可能吃人肉。

并不是所有文明人都吃人肉。


原句2. Structures for comparison

The more highly insightful the person, the sharper and more dramatic the signals become.

一个人的洞察力越强，这些信号就越鲜明、越富有戏剧性。

句型提炼

The +comparative…, the +comparative…

（一）


Example

The more books we read, the wiser our knowledge is.

越… , 越…

Note 1: In “the … , the …” structure, if the verb is verb to be, it can be omitted.

The higher the temperature (is), the greater the pressure (is).


Exercises: right or wrong?

The stronger is the magnet, the greater the number of lines of magnetic force.

Possible answer: wrong.

“Verb to be” should be omitted in both sentences in order to achieve balance.

In “the …, the…” structure, the subject and the verb are not to be inverted.

is the magnetis


句型提炼（二）

The + comparative…, the + comparative…, the + comparative: 愈…… , 愈…… , 愈……The higher up we went, the thinner the air became, and the more difficult the climbing was.

III. Structure analysisExercises: choose the best answer

The higher the standards of living and the greater the national wealth, the _______ .

A. greater is the amount of paper is used

B. amount of paper is used is greater

C. greater amount of paper is used

D. greater the amount of paper usedD

III. Structure analysis Note 2: Sometimes the main sentence precedes the subordinate clause. In such a case the main sentence takes a normal word order, with the comparative put after the verb.

examples:

They became the hungrier , the harder they worked.

=The harder they worked, the hungrier they became.

As a contrast, we may consider a famous story: the discovery by Henri Poincare, of a new mathematical method called the Fuchsian functions. (L.34.)

与之相反的是另一件众人皆知的事情：那就是亨利庞加莱发现被称为福克斯函数的数学新方法的故事。

III. Structure analysis3. Structure for making a contrast原句

句型提炼

(We may) Consider / Think of sth. / sb. as a contrast to... （我们可以）把…作为形成鲜明对照的例子。

与他的懒惰形成鲜明对照的是一个例子，就是汤姆的勤奋使他成为班里的尖子生。

III. Structure analysisexamples:

As a contrast to his laziness, we may think of Tom’s diligence which has enabled him to be a top student in his class.


examples:

与他弟弟自私自利形成鲜明对照的一个例子，就是她总能体谅他人。

She is always considerate in her treatment of others as contrast to his brother’s selfishness.

IV. IV. TranslationTranslation

1. 1. 她对那可怜的病孩充满了同情。她对那可怜的病孩充满了同情。

the poor diseased baby

She was filled with pity for the poor diseased baby.

be filled with pity

Translate the following sentences into English:

2. 2. 「谚」「谚」欲寻珍珠就要潜入水中。欲寻珍珠就要潜入水中。search for

He who would search for jewels must dive below.

dive below


3.3. 我原本打算昨天晚上去看电影，但却下雨了。我原本打算昨天晚上去看电影，但却下雨了。 intended to

I intended to go to see a film last night, but it rained.

go to see a film

4.4. 许许多多人投诉这家餐馆服务质量差。许许多多人投诉这家餐馆服务质量差。

a flood of complaints about

There was a flood of complaints about the poor service at the restaurant .

the poor service

IV.IV. TranslationTranslation

Many people complains of the poor service at the restaurant.

5. 5. 医疗检查证实她身体状况良好。医疗检查证实她身体状况良好。

medical tests

Medical tests established that she was in good health.

establish that

in good health


V. Guided writing

Why I Prefer On-line Learning to Classroom Learning

对两种学习方式进行对比分析 , 并阐明你的选择理由

要求

V. Guided writing

写作结构

Topic Sentence

Comparison 1Comparison 2Comparison 3

Conclusion

V. Guided writing 写作模版If I were to choose between … and…, I

prefer the former. … ( topic sentence)

For one thing, …By contrast, For one thing, …By contrast, (comparison (comparison 1)1)For another, … In contrast to that,For another, … In contrast to that,…(com. 2)…(com. 2)

And the most striking difference between…And the most striking difference between… lies in … lies in … (comparison 3)(comparison 3)

From the comparisons and contrasts above, From the comparisons and contrasts above, anyone can see that my preference for … is anyone can see that my preference for … is reasonable/ justified. reasonable/ justified. (conclusion)(conclusion)

V. Guided writingReference model:

unit eight lead-in activities vocabulary enrichment structure analysis translation guided writing

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