Unit C: Body Systems

Specific Objectives: Analyze the relationship of tissues, organs, and body

systems.Explain the structural units of the body.Analyze body tissues and membranes.

• ANATOMY – study of the parts of the body• PHYSIOLOGY – function of the body• GROSS- LARGE• MICROSCOPIC- small• CYTOLOGY- cell• HISTOLOGY- tissue• DEVELOPMENTAL- birth to death• SYSTEMIC- what we will do..example: skeletal,• COMPARATIVE- cat to a human

ANATOMICAL POSITION –

• standing erect with face forward, arms at the side, palms forward

Location,position,direction…

• ANTERIOR or VENTRAL – front or in front of

• POSTERIOR or DORSAL – back or in back of

• CRANIAL – refers to the head of the body

• CAUDAL – means tail end

• SUPERIOR – upper or above something

• INFERIOR – lower or below something

• MEDIAL – toward the middle

• LATERAL – toward the side of the body

• PROXIMAL – toward the point of attachment to the body or the trunk of the body

• DISTAL – away from the point of attachment to the body

• SUPERFICIAL (EXTERNAL) – near the surface or outside the body

• DEEP (INTERNAL) – inside the body

•

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-GAw9w1XNEI&feature=related

• ***http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3_i7JxeO9tc&feature=related

• http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072919329/student_view0/animations.html...animation good for planes, direction.  All systems

Bell

• Write your name on and pass up homework from new pkt/Body System Worksheet D

• http://goredforwomen.org/ 

• Wear RED on Friday…get a free 100 on next quiz

•  

• http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites /0072919329/student_view0/animations

Body Planes and Sections

• PLANES – imaginary anatomical dividing planes

• SECTION – cut made through the body in the direction of a certain plane

Body Planes and Sections

• SAGITTAL PLANE – divides the body into right and left parts

CORONAL (FRONTAL) PLANE

• – vertical cut at right angles to saggital plane, divides the body into anterior and posterior portions

• (cheese)

TRANSVERSE PLANE –

• cross-section, a horizontal cut that divides the body into upper and lower parts

• (bread…?BLT)

Midsagital

• …also known as the midline, divides the body from top to bottom into equal left and right halves.

Video planes

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nSpMub-xHNc&feature=channel

Millionaire

• http://anatomy.med.umich.edu/modules/anatomical_orientation_module/Anatomical_Orientation.ppt

Assignment

• Do top portion of Anatomical Terms Worksheet

Cavities of the Body

• Anterior

• Dorsal

• Cranial

• Spinal

• Thoracic

• Abdominopelvic

Cavities of the Body

• DORSAL( back) CAVITY – contains brain and spinal cord – the brain is in the CRANIAL CAVITY and the spinal cord is in the SPINAL CAVITY.

• ANTERIOR or VENTRAL CAVITY contains the THORACIC and ABDOMINOPELVIC CAVITIES

• The thoracic cavity contains the lungs and heart

• ABDOMINAL CAVITY contains stomach, intestines, liver, gallbladder and pancreas

• PELVIC CAVITY contains urinary bladder and reproductive organs

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C6DdhZzOSFk&feature=related

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HTiyNjSgi84&feature=related

Smaller Cavities

• Orbital

• Nasal

• Oral or Bucal

Assignment

• Complete “F”

• Mid portion and 1-2 on Anatomical Terms W/S

Bell/payday

• Text page 11

• Apply practice to theory

• 1 a-h

Small group activity

• 1) stay in your group. This is for a grade NOT your social time. NO cell phones.

• 2) Outline one person on the large paper• 3) Identify and record right and left• 4) each team member is to draw one organ…

brain, heart, liver, lungs, bladder, stomach, intestines. Should show at least 5 diff. organs

• 5) label the cavities and place organ(s) in correct cavity

Bell

• You may want to know this!• Grades weighted as follows:

– Class work 25– Homework 15– Projects/Participation 25– Quizes 10– Test 25– Remember, final exam (vo-cats) 25%

–Draw a Tic Tac Tow grid

Abdominopelvic Cavity Regions

Abdominopelvic Cavity Regions

Assignment

• Complete Regions (above F)

Bell

• Create a quiz…

• 2nd column of the wordroots

• Must include at least 15 wordroots– Matching (side near computers)– Mult choice (middle)– Fill-in-blank (side near sink)– Remember KEY!– Quiz on Wed

Classroom Work

• To be completed on your own

• No talking

• No cell phones

• Please do not write in the book

• Workbook page 3 C 1-5

• Page 6 E matching

Bell…

• Choose (3) three word roots related to a part of the body. Add different prefixes and/ or suffixes to the word root to create at least three different terms.

• You should end up with 9 new words!

Bellringer/payday

• Using the papers on your desks

• Without you book Use a pencil to….Complete the labeling using directions, regions. cavities.

After you have completed both sides get your books out and make any corrections!

Bell…

• Make sure Workbook page 3 C 1-5 and

• Page 6 E matching is complete

• Put your first and last name on this assignment and turn in (slide in blue binder)

• NEW assignment: Complete “what doesn’t belong”

Bell

• Complete ‘Apply Practice to Theory’, at the end of chapter one. Complete 1-3

You be the surgeon

• Open your rice crispy treat• Tear apart into three pieces• Create a snowman-type person

• Determine which side is Dorsal vs. ventral…put on his/her M&M belly button and eyes…what cavity was the eye?

• What region belly button?

• Show me anterior/ventral• Make sure : Anatomical Position

You be the surgeon, cont.

• Male a cut along the frontal plane• Make a vertical cut, at right angles to the

sagital plane ½ way in to the body• Cut across the transverse plane• Make an incision in the hypo gastric region• Make an incision in the RLQ

(appendectomy)• Perform a thoracotomy

Suffixes

• Class devides in ½• Write meaning on one side and the suffix

on the other (thru malacia)• Spread suffix side up one table• We will stand in line and race to put on

table/board

Quiz to follow!

Bell

• Look around, your seat may have changed!

• Quietly study you list of suffixes

• Quiz in a moment

Life Functions

• …are the necessary activities to help living organs grow and function. They include movement, ingestion, digestion, transport, respiration, synthesis, assimilation, growth, secretion, excretion, regulation and reproduction. (see pg 6 table 1.1)

What is necessary to keep us alive and functioning?

• Tissues– Specialized cells

grouped according to function, shape, size and structure.

– When grouped together they form….

• Organs– Larger and functional

units of tissues.– When organs are

grouped together to perform a function that are known as an Organ System

– See pg 63

Metabolism-the functional activities of cells that result in growth, repair and release of

energy. 2 Processes…

• 1) anabolism- the build up of complex materials from simpler ones, such as food and oxygen.

• 2) Catabolism- the breakdown of the breaking down and changing of complex substances into simpler ones with the release of energy and CO2.

Homeostasis

• The proper function and maintenance of the body depends upon a number of activities. The body must constantly respond to changes in the environment. The maintenance of such internal environmental conditions is known as_____.

Bell

• Create a Quiz from suffixes a-malacia

• >>>>>You choose which type

• (just remember BE Different…most likely will choose yours)

Bell/payday

• From medical terms packet….

• Complete worksheet called Medical Terms Identification

•

• TISSUES – cells grouped because they are similar in shape, size, structure, and function

• – protects the body by covering internal and external surfaces, and produces secretion

• Epithelial tissue comprises an uninterrupted layer of cells.  Epithelium covers nearly all external and internal body surfaces. p56

• Squamous-flat irreg. Lines…

• Cuboidal-cubed shape. Lines…

• columnar cells (A) -elongated. Lines…

• Glandular-Secretions such as milk hormones, dig. juices

• – supports and connects organs and tissue

• These tissues are responsible for cushioning, supporting and maintaining form within the body and include adipose, cartilage, bone, tendons and ligaments

• Vascular

• – type of connective tissue that stores fat cells

• LIGAMENTS – strong, flexible bands of connective tissue that hold bones firmly together at the joints

• TENDONS – white bands of connective tissue attaching skeletal muscle to bone

• CARTILAGE – firm, flexible support of the embryonic skeleton and part of the adult skeleton

• BONE- skeleton. Supports tissues and organs.• VSCULAR-liquids blood tissue (Example RBC)

• – has the ability to contract and move the body

• Muscle is an excitable tissue, meaning that it can be stimulated mechanically, chemically or electrically to produce an action potential

• Smooth, skeletal ,or cardiac– Vol vs. Invol

• – cells that react to stimuli and conduct an impulse

• Neurons are highly specialized cells that generate and transmit electrical impulses (action potentials) permitting rapid communication between distant areas of the body.

Tissues

Getting Complicated

• Complete each answer

• Hint: 1-9 look on pages 56-60 (# 2 is sperm)

• Hint: 10-24 look at chart on page 64.

Bell/Payday…

• List the four types of Tissues

• Give one example of each type

Bell

• List the 4 types of tissue

• Using NC Health Careers book

• Explore Cytologist Technologist/Technician OR Histologic Technologist– Brief description of what they do– How much education?

• Technologist• Technician• -Where can you go to school?• Who provides your certification?-What is the work environment?How much $ can you make?

• formed by putting two thin layers of tissue together, cells may secrete a fluid

• Membranes are vital  because they separate the cell from the outside world.  They also separate compartments inside the cell to protect important processes and events.

Epithelial Membranes: 2 classesMUCOUS MEMBRANES– lines

digestive, respiratory, reproductive and urinary systems – produces mucous to lubricate and protect the lining

• They line various body cavities that are exposed to the external environment and internal organs.

• Serous– double-walled membrane - produces a watery fluid (Serous fluid) lines closed body cavities

• the outer part of the membrane that lines the cavity is the PARIETAL membrane

• the part that covers the organs is the VISCERAL membrane.

• Pleural, Pericardial, Peritoneal

PLEURAL MEMBRANE – lines thoracic or chest cavity and protects the lungs

PERICARDIAL MEMBRANE – lines the heart cavity and protects the heart

PERITONEAL MEMBRANE – lines the abdominal cavity and protects abdominal organs

Serous Membranes…

Connective Membranes

• Are made of two layers of connective tissue. Synovial membrane-Lines the joint cavity and prevents friction in joints.

Tissue Repair!

• Repair of damaged tissue occurs continually.

• Two types

–Primary takes place in clean wound where infection is not present.

–Secondary larger and deeper wounds. Takes place by granulation.

– Cicatrix –Scar tissue

Bellringer/Payday

• Finish “Sorting Out Systems”

• Text pg 63/68………

• Complete ‘Completion’ 1-5

• Pairs that did not present yesterday…be ready!

Skin RecipeThese items are needed….

30 small clear cups_________1 box of corn puffs_________

2 large bags of M& M’s____/____2 large boxes of Chocolate pudding_____/______

1 box of corn flakes____________2 large bags of licorice sticks_____/______

Grapes___________Whipped Topping (3) Ms. Hefner

Spoons ( 30)__________________Plates (30)_____________________

Video

• The Inside Story with Slim Goodbody: The Body Symphony: The Inside Story of Your Whole Body

• (united Streaming)

ORGAN SYSTEM – a group of organs which act together to perform a specific, related function

Integumentary-Bryan/JordanSkeletal-Brittany/Sarah

Muscular-Sterling/SakiquioaDigestive-Samatha/Tia

Respiratory-Serria/ChealseaCirculatory-Xineia/KylieExcretory-Olivia/TiffanyNervous-Houa/CameronEndocrine-Mitchell/Tara

Reproductive-Madalyn/MalorieHematology-Megan/Emily

Lymphatic-Sensory-

Urinary-Stephanie*Functions * Organs

Organs and Systems

Bell

• Create a quiz for remaining Suffixes– Computer side T/F– Middle Mult Choice or Fill in the blank– Sink side matching

Getting Complicated…

• Finish the Worksheet

• CC of Multiple choice questions

• Silently! Look up answers in the text/notes. Do NOT WRITE ON THESE!!!!

• Test tomorrow!

• 10) is C

Bell

• Workbook page 44

• Applying practice to theory

• 1 a-e and 2

Bellringer….Text page 67-68

Review questions and completion

(do not write in textbook!)

Bellringer

• Get out your Homework Assignment

• Complete Get Organ-ized

• Make 2 strips of paper: Write True on one False on the other…should be large enough to be seen across the room