Mix of Flow and Matter

Unit A

1) Particles are always moving

2) Particles move faster when heated

3) There is always space in between them

4) All matter is made of particles

5) Particles are attracted to each other

!! Particle Model of Matter!!

Heterogeneous mixture: mechanical mixtures or straight (differ genders)

Homogeneous mixture means (homosexual) so solution- looks like one

Mixtures

The substance that dissolves in an solvent to form a solution

Solute

The substance that dissolves the solute to create a solution

Solvent

The amount of solute in a solvent in a particular amount of area. The more solute, the higher concentration. The less solute, the lower the concentration.

Concentration

Still being able to dissolve more solute in the solvent

Unsaturated

When no more solute can be dissolved in a certain amount of solvent. When salt can no longer fit into the spaces of water particles

Saturated

The ability to dissolve.

Solubility

The point when no more solute can dissolve.

Saturation point

The saturation point depends on 3 points: Temperature (the higher the temperature, the faster the solvent particles go and the more space in between) Type of solute or solvent (different sized gaps between different liquids) and the amount of solute in the solvent.

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Temperature

Type

Amount

What the Saturation Point Depends on

The friction between particles within a substance. The higher the viscosity, the more friction there is and the lower the viscosity, the less friction

(honey- high viscosity/water- low viscosity)

Viscosity

The warmer the air or the substance is, the lower the viscosity. Why? Because when the particles are heated, the particles start moving faster and faster and so it is easier to flow.

How Temperature Affects Viscosity

Density is the mass per unit of volume. Easier way is to use the triangle:

Density

M

D V

Mass Density Volume

To find out a number, cover the one you want to find. If you cover M- it’s DxV if you cover D or V, it is M/V or M/D

When particles are heated, they are “hot” and are repelled from each other. And so, there is more space in between and the particles are further away from each other

Why Fluids are Less Dense when Heated

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Cooled Heated

Is the upwards force created by fluids

The more dense something is, the more easy to float (if something is less dense than another object, it will float and vice vera.

The colder the water is, the denser it is.

Buoyancy

Gas particles are spaced out and the attraction is very low and so when they are spaced out, they have lots of space between particles. Water does not have as much space, more particles. And so air is easier to compress

Why is Gas easier to compress than liquid?

When pressure is applied on a fluid in a container, the pressure is transmitted equally in every direction.

Pascal’s Law

F (force (N))

P(pressure)

A (area)

Same idea as

the Density

chart

Particles from the top of the water all the way down becomes heavier and heavier because all the weight from the layers on top of it are weighing the particles down/

Why is there is more pressure when you go deeper down into a fluid?

Is a system used by creating pressure on WATER to move an object.

Hydraulic system

A system that uses air under pressure to move an object

Pneumatic system

Hydraulic Pneumatic

-Uses air-Uses water

T-Chart

How they are similar: They both use fluids under pressure

• I can give examples of fluids in household materials.

Cleaning supplies, Water, etc.:

• I can give examples of fluids in technological devices.

Vacuums (air), sinks (water) etc.:

• I can give examples of fluids in living things.

Humans (water), etc.:

• I can give examples of fluids in natural environments.

Rivers, ponds, air, snow, etc.:

• I can explain WHMIS symbols for labelling substances.

Yellow Triangle: Caution, Orange Diamond: Warning, Red Octagon: Danger

• I can describe the safety precautions to follow when handling, storing and disposing of substances.

Yes

I Can’s…

• I can give examples of materials that are turned into fluids in order to facilitate transport, processing or using them.

So it is easier to move around

• I can identify properties of fluids that are important for their use.

It can be in any shape or form so it is easy to work with

• I can explain the difference between pure substances, mixtures and solutions, and give an example of each.

Pure substance: only one substance. Mixture: a mix of particles. Solutions: particles dissolved within another substance (solute and solvent)

• I can investigate the solubility of different materials.

The warmer it is, the less there is and the easier it is will affect the solubility. Vice versa

• I can describe the concentration of different materials.

The more dense, the more concentrated

• I can identify factors that affect solubility.

Temperature, amount and the ability to dissolve affect solubility

More I Can’s…

• I can identify factors that affect the rate of dissolving a solute in a solvent.

Stirring, temperature etc.:

• I can explain the particle model of matter.

All matter made up of particles, particles are attracted to eachother, particles move faster when heated, there is always space in between and they are always moving!

• I can compare fluids based on viscosity.

Viscosity basiclly = amount of friction between particles

• I can describe the effect of temperature on liquid flow.

Because there is more space and area the particles take and so it flows faster.

• I can calculate density based on a formula.

M,D,V

• I can explain the difference in density of solid, liquid and gas, using the particle model.

Solid= particles close; liquid=particles have attraction but not enough; gas= lots of space and no attraction.

Even More I Can’s…

• I can describe ways to alter the density of a fluid.

Heat or cool, type of fluid

• I can describe pressure as a force per unit area.

F (N), P (Pa), A (m2)

• I can describe how fluids under pressure are used in everyday situations.

Sinks, needles etc.:

• I can interpret technologies based on flow rate and viscosity.

Slanted ramp to see how fast each fluid goes

• I can describe technology which moves fluid from one place to another.

Aerosol cans, water bottles etc.:

• I can construct a device that used fluids to apply force or control motion.

Our car life

That’s all the I can’s!