Unit 9 The Diary of the Unknown Soldier

Lesson One

Overview

• Pre-reading questions

• New words & expressions

• Background information

Pre-reading Questions

• What is war?

• Why do people wage war?

• What have wars brought us?

• Is there such a thing as “just war”?

• Have you ever seen any war films or read any war stories? What are they?

• What is your attitude towards war?

What is war?

• The root of the English word 'war', werra, is Frankish-German, meaning confusion, discord, or strife, and the verb werran meaning to confuse or perplex.

• The Greek root of war is polemos, implying an aggressive controversy.

Why War?

• Wars and revolutions and battles are due simply and solely to the body and its desires.

— Plato• In every man, of course, a beast lies hidden-

the beast of rage, the beast of lustful heat at the screams of the tortured victim, the beast of lawlessness let off the chain, the beast of diseases that follow on vice, gout, kidney disease, and so on.

— Dostoyevsky

Quotations on War

• We make war that we may live in peace. — Aristotle

• There never was a good war or a bad peace. — Benjamin Franklin

• They wrote in the old days that it is sweet and fitting to die for one's country. But in modern war, there is nothing sweet nor fitting in your dying. You will die like a dog for no good reason. — Ernest Hemingway

50th World Press Photo 1st Prize

Winner• A badly wounded

soldier & his bride

Words and Expressions

• Turn to Page 120 and 121

• Getting to know the meaning

• Derivation

• Expansion

• Differentiation

Meaning & Use

• Princess Divine is a book ___________ the wonderful soul of Princess Diana.

• He dedicated his first book to his mother.

(=addressed to)

dedicated to

Meaning & Use

• __________ dirt are seen in the field.

• I’ve got ~s of work to do. (=a lot of)Piles of

Meaning & Use

• A lot of buildings were reduced to ________ by bombing.

• Cf:

• Ruins

• Wreckage

rubble

Meaning & Use

• He raked up the fallen leaves into a _______.

• These ~s of rubble are grim reminders of war.

heap

Which word may best describe the background picture?

bombard• The city was ~ed by federal forces.• Reporters ~ed the President with questions about his economic policy.

Meaning & Use

• What is an aftermath?• Millions died as an ~ of war.• Food prices soared in the ~ of the drou

ght.• <Syn.>• consequences• after-effects• by-product

Meaning & Use

• Who would suffer the most in wars?• Civilians.• We demand an

end to the killingof innocent ~s.

• Thousands of ~s are killed during the war.

Meaning & Use

• What is this?

• How much ~ did they shoot in training.

• What’s this?

• A rifle.

Ammunition.

Meaning & Use

• There is a _________ basketball ring.

• I saw them arranging a row of chairs to form a ~ bed for the guest.

• They gathered branches and grasses for a ~ camp.

makeshift

Meaning & Use

• Where are the children having classes?

• In a make-

shift class-

room.

Meaning & Use

• What is this? It’s a _________ shovel.scoop• This is an ice cream ~.

Meaning & Use

• The girl is walking under the grape trellis ______ with autumn breezes.

• The sky was all ~ with the setting sun.

aglow

Meaning & Use

• This is a swinging _______

silhouette.

• The police found his ~ at the bottom of the stairs.

• The ~ of the committee had a last meeting.

那个寿终正寝的委员会

corpse

Meaning & Use

• Which word may best describe this young man?

• He is an __________.

• What is a cavalryman?

• A soldier who fights on horses or armored vehicles.

infantryman

Meaning & Use

• They wanted to bring down the government, but without s_________ ________.

• The street was s______ with broken glass.

• The house was e_______ in flames.

• We saw the d_______ aircraft just before it crashed.

sheddingblood

strewn

engulfed

doomed

Meaning & Use• Some students waked out of the

examination room w____________ confidence and victory.

• The lizard's tongue shot out and s__________ the fly.

• Her visit came o_______________.• A tiny fishing boat was d______ slowly

along.• The o___ are five to one on that horse.

with an air of

scooped upout of the blue

drifting

odds

Meaning & Use

• The soldiers were well equipped with weapons and a__________.

• His expression was g_____ when he told them they had lost their job.

• I'm i_______ of his plan.

• He was asleep before I t_____ him in.

• He was hit by a falling tree and killed on the s____.

ammunition

grim

ignorant

tucked

spot

Word Derivation

N. hatred civilian spot

V.

A.

N. initial

V. err dedicate

A.

hate

hateful

civilized

civil

spotspotty spotted

initial

initial

error

erroneous

dedication

dedicated

Word DerivationN.

V. doom

A. ignorant valid

N. regiment pile

V. bombard

N. heap

V. vow drift

ignorance

ignore

validity

validate

regiment pile

heap

bombardment

vow drift

doom

doomed

Word Derivation

N.

V. strew tuck assume

A. grim adventurous tattered

N.

A. sensible

N. precaution suicide

strew tuck assumption

grimness adventure tatters

sensibility

precautionary suicidal

Word Expansion

• Corps 军• Division 师• Brigade 旅• Regiment 团• Battalion 营• Company 连• Platoon 排

• Aftermath 后果• Aftereffect 余波• Aftertaste 余味• Afterglow 余辉• Afterthought

事后的想法• Afterlife 余生

Word Expansion

• Civilian• Civil service

公共服务• Civil servant

公务员• Civil law• Civil right• Civil war

• Civil engineering

土木工程（学） • Ragtag 混杂的• Zigzag 曲折的• Wigwag 摇摆；

旗语信号• Titbit/Tidbit 花絮

平民

民法公民权利内战

Major Military RanksNavy 海军

Air Force 空军

Army 陆军

Marines 海军陆战队

Fleet Admiral元帅 / 五星上将

General

上将General

上将General

上将

Commodore 准将

Air Marshal中将

Colonel 上校

Colonel 上校

Captain 上校 Colonel 上校

Major 少校 Major 少校

Lieutenant 上尉

Major 少校 Captain 上尉

Captain 上尉

Officer 士官 Captain 上尉

Lieutenant 中尉

Lieutenant 中尉

Seaman 水兵 Sergeant 中士

Sergeant 中士

Sergeant 中士

Synonymic Pairs

• We’re leaving the house. Everything has been packed in boxes except a few odds and ends.

• The closing down of unprofitable railway branches is part and parcel of the government’s plan to save money.

Synonymic Pairs

• Don’t you think you can keep any secrets from us? We have ways and means of getting the information we need.

• Despite the fact that the ship had passed through a virtual hurricane, all the passengers arrived at the port safe and sound.

Synonymic Pairs

• About the time of twilight Mr. Dombey, grievously afflicted with aches and pains, was helped into his carriage.

• Apart from fair wear and tear, the bicycle is in excellent condition.

Synonymic Pairs

• Mary became high and mighty after she won the prize, and Joan would not go around with her any more.

• He pushed and pulled with all his might and main but the door remained firmly closed.

Synonymic Pairs

• The team was determined to win that last game by hook or by crook, and three players were put out of the game for fouling.

• They arrive at our house bag and baggage at one o’clock in the morning.

Differentiation• The book is dedicated to the author’s

husband.

• Kate was still clinging to the wreckage of her failed marriage.

• A heap of old clothes was lying in the corner.

• They newspaper devotes two pages to comics. （专门用于）

Differentiation

Rubble: brokenstones or bricks

碎石；碎砖

Wreckage: thebroken part of

a destroyed thing 残骸

Debris: the remainsof sth, usu. large

碎片；瓦砾

Ruins: the remainsof a building, usu

an old one废墟；遗迹

DifferentiationPile: usu. tidy

collection; usu. of the same kind

Heap: disorderly pile, not necessarily

of the same kind

Stack: carefully arranged pile of the same size

and shape

Differentiation

• Ignorant vs. Innocent

• Many teenagers are surprisingly ignorant about current politics.

• He was startled by their angry response to his _________ remark.

• He is _________ of Sir Thomas’s death.

• He was kept ________ of the facts.

innocent

innocent

ignorant

Differentiation

• Assume vs. Presume

• The hiker is presumed to be dead after missing for a week in the desert.

• He ________ full responsibility for all organizational work.

• Two of the miners went missing and are __________ dead.

• She ________ an injured air.

assumed

presumed

assumed

Differentiation

• Sensible; sensitive; sentimental; sensational

• He was very sensitive about his scar and thought that everyone was staring at him.

• These letter were kept for _________ reasons.

• What do you think of the __________ headlines of today’s newspaper?

sentimental

sensational

Lead-In

• What do you know about the first and the second World War?

World War I:June 1914, the crown prince of Austria was assassinated in Sarajevo, which touched off the war.The two belligerent parties were the Central Powers and the Entente.同盟国 协约国

Background

• The First World War was in essence an _________ war, which was unjust to both parties involved.

• The First World War lasted for over __ years, which led to the weakening of the power of the imperialist countries and the success of the Socialist Revolution of October.

imperialist

4

Background

• The Second World War was taking place between _____ and ______.

• It is a war of unprecedented size throughout the whole world between Fascist powers, the Axis countries, and the __________ powers, the Allies.

• There were as many as ____ countries involved in WWII, with the flames of war burning in Asia, Europe and Africa.

anti-Fascist

1939 1945

61

There is an angel to stimulate human civilization as well as

a devil to destroy it.

Thank you!

Lesson 2: Overview

• Word review

• Text analysis– Comprehension– Language points– Sentence highlights

Word Review

• He was d______ Shorty because of his size.

• The hunter steadied his r___ and fired.

• Her face was a______ as she met him.

• The flames quickly spread and e_____ their home.

• The refugees had been living in m_______ tent for a year.

dubbed

rifle

aglow

engulf

makeshift

Word Review

• The hen t______ her head under her wing.

• Shells of all shapes and sizes s_____ the long narrow beach.

• To e___ is human, to forgive divine.• She regarded her critics as i_______ a

nd prejudiced.• The horse was running at o____ of ten

to one.

tucked

strew

errignorant

odds

Word Review

• All tyranny is _______ (hatred) to us.

• __________ (ignorant) about AIDS is rampant.

• The report was based on an ________ (err) _____________ (assume).

• Fuel was spilling out of the damaged wing and the aircraft was ________ (doom).

hateful

Ignorance

erroneousassumption

doomed

Lead-In

• What is a diary?a book in which you write down the things that happen to you each day

• What are the features of a diary?

Lead-In

• Inge ______ a diary during the war years.

• A diary is divided into different ______.

• A _______ is a person who writes a diary, especially one that is later published.

kept(=wrote in a diary)

entriesdiarist

Comprehension

• When and where was the diary written?

• What was the author supposed to do there?

• What can you infer about

the author?

• What does the first entry

mainly tell us?

A Global Picture

• This story is dedicated to all of the unknown soldiers who died while trying to protect the lives of the innocent.

• It shows us what happened in three different days according to the soldier’s diary.

• This passage is divided into three parts (entries).

Comprehension

• When was the first entry written?

• November 24, 1943.

• What does the first paragraph mainly tell us?

• A contrast between what the author saw in the battlefield and what he and his fellow soldiers had expected before they joined in the war.

Comprehension

• What is the second paragraph about?

• A description of the enemy’s air raid before he wrote this entry. (A flashback)

• What is the main idea of paragraph 3 and 4?

• The aftermath of the bombing and his longing for his family.

Language Points

• with an air of (para. 1)– He leaned towards Jessica with an ~ of gr

eat confidentiality.– He came into the room with an ~ of import

ance.– He listened to my story with an ~ of growi

ng disbelief.– He explained the procedure with the wear

y ~ of a man who had explained it many times before.

Language Points

• ache (para.1): feel a not violent but continuous suffering– My legs ~d from the previous day’s exerci

se.

• stare into (para.1)– She was just sitting there, staring into spa

ce.– Chuck sat quietly for hours staring into th

e distance, thinking of what might have been.

Language Points

• a one-way ticket (para.1)– Human beings’ pursuit of nuclear arsenal

will prove to be a ~ ticket to self-destruction.

– How much is a ~ ticket to New York?– A round-trip ticket to New York will cost

you $1500.

• assign (para.1): – You have been ~ed the task of keeping t

he records up to date.

Sentence Highlight

• If it would have been some strangers’ corpses that I had seen I might have taken it lighter. (para.1)

• … I might have felt less sad.

• Couldn’t those men see that what they received was a one-way ticket to death.(para.1)

• …they were doomed to die.

Note: D-Day (para.1)• The day (6th June,

1944) in WWII on which Allied forces invaded northern France by means of beach landings in Normandy, under the command of General Eisenhower.

预定进攻发起日

D-Day Illustrations

• Allies: Britain, USSR, the US

Other Definitions of D-Day

• (2) a day which an important operation or planned action is to begin 计划行动开始日– e.g. So, today is D-Day then?

• (3) = Decimal Day: 1972 marked the year when decimal (based on the number 10) system was introduced in Britain 英国十进制实施日

• (4) = day of demobilization: the day when soldiers are allowed to leave military service, usu at the end of a war 军人复员日

Language Points

• Out of the blue (para.2): all of a sudden– The job had been offered to her out of the

blue.– I was pleasantly surprised to see an old frie

nd who appeared at the party out of the blue.

• makeshift (para.2)– Thousands of refugees are living in ~ camp

us.– A few cushions formed a ~ bed.

Language Points

• Fighter plane • Trench

Sentence Highlight

• I was suddenly knocked into a trench and able to be undetected by… (para.2)

• I was suddenly thrown into a trench by a great force and thus avoided being discovered by …

Language Points

• come to (para.3)– Your mother hasn’t yet ~ to/round/around fro

m the anaesthetic.– She fainted, and it was half an hour before s

he came to again.

• scoop up (para.3) : to take up or out – When the policeman arrived the traders ~ed

up their watches and jewellery and ran off.– He ~ed up the little boy and ran from the fire.

Language Points

• a sea of blood (para.3)– The actor looked out from the stage onto

a ~ of faces.– Suddenly the whole room broke into a ~

of shouting, as they saw me rise.

• Note: a metaphor is used to describe the scene more vividly– a torrent of anger– a mountain of books.

Language Points

← a drift of thought

• spot (para.4)– If you ~ any mistakes

in the article, just mark them with a pencil.

– The police ~ted him driving a stolen car.

Sentence Highlight

• I hope the garden that they planted is growing. (para.3)

• I hope those things they planted in the garden are growing.

• Note: when the name of one thing is substituted for that of another with which it is closely associated, it is called metonymy.– When the war was over, he laid down the

sword and took up the pen.

Sentence Highlight

• Oh, how I wish I could see my darling daughters! (para.3)

• All I ask is that I be alive when this ends. (para.4)

• Why does the author use subjunctive mood in these two sentences?

• He has doubt about whether he could survive or not. In fact the narrow escape made him aware of the real possibility that he would be killed any moment.

Comprehension

• What are the points illustrated in the first paragraph of the second entry?

• There are three points:– The author’s remarks on the validity of wa

r (Sentence1-4)– his grim situation at that time (S5-9)– those dead soldiers and their families

Comprehension

• What is the second paragraph mainly about?

• The author’s strong passions: – his affection for his family (daughters) – his rage for “selfish and ignorant” killing

and destruction– his attitude to war: not caring about each

other is more cruel than killing on the battle field (last sentence)

The Second Entry

• His reflections on war, interwoven with description of his grim situation in a small European town

• Facts: they are staying at the town, without food and ammunition when the Nazi troops are coming

• Reflection: war creates more problems, and “Even one war is too many”

Note: Ration

• Ration is a share of food, petrol etc. allowed to one person for a period, esp during a war or at a time of short supply. 口粮；给养；配给量– The soldiers

were given

their ~s (of

food).

Note: K-rations (para.1)

• In WW2, the US armed forces had K-ration as an emergency military ration for use under combat condition, consisting of three separate package meals each day. Another ration is called C-ration which is canned ration (food or water) used in the field.

Note: Axis powers (para.1)

• The alliance of Germany

and Italy formed before

and during the WW2,

later extended to include

Japan and other

countries. 轴心国← Adolf Hitler (1889-194

5)

Language Points

• run (para.1): pass into a condition– Our supply of coal is ~ning low.– The reservoir ran dry.– We’re beginning to ~ short of money.– Money is beginning to ~ short.– Differences between the two sides ~ deep.– Since their parents divorced those childre

n have been ~ning wild.

Language Points

• …have it that (para.1): – Word has it that she’s married several ye

ars ago. (=it is said that…)– Legend has it that all the world is a stage.– Rumor has it that he was killed in a raid i

n the local area. 谣传说他在当地的一次袭击中被杀害。

– Report has it that the beetles have now virtually disappeared.

Language Points

• odds (para.1): the probability that something will or will not happen– The ~ are that she will get the nomination o

n the first ballot.– The ~ are against us in the match because

our best player is ill.

• shed blood (para.1): to cause wounding or, esp. killing– They wanted to bring down the government,

but without ~ding blood.

Sentence Highlight

• My situation is grim and the odds of winning, or even surviving, seem unlikely. (para.1)

• My situation is worrying and the chance of winning, or even surviving, is very slim.

• More blood has been shed and my body simply cannot take it. (para.1)

• … I am unable to make myself believe and accept that so many people have been killed.

Sentence Highlight

• Turmoil (para.1): a state of great disturbance, confusion or uncertainty– The country was in ~.

• … it will make the children feel like their fathers made a difference. (pa.1)

• … it will make the children understand that their fathers contributed greatly to the world by laying down their lives.

Language Points

• Ragtag group of soldiers (para.2)

• a group of soldiers who are untidy, disorganized or incongruously varied in character

• Ragtag and

bobtail 各色人等

Language Points

• Warfare (para.2): <U> engagement in or the activities involved in war or conflict

• Take precaution (para.2): to do everything that is necessary to avoid danger or risk– The accident would never have occurred

if they had ~n precaution.– We have ~n all the precautions we can a

gainst the painting being stolen.

Language Points

• fall apart (para.2)– You look like you’re going to ~ apart.– When she learned of her mother’s death,

she fell apart immediately.

• strike a …note (para.2)– His new book strikes a warning ~ against

government overspending.– His speech struck just the right ~.

Language Points

• strike a…note: to express the stated feeling or message; to express a particular feeling or attitude– strike a happy/cheerful/cautious note

• strike a balance (between something)• strike it rich: to suddenly make a lot of

money• strike home: if something that you say

strikes home, it has exactly the effect on someone that you intended

Language Points

• Enrage (para.2)– He was ~d by the murder of his brother tha

t he decided to find the killer himself.– All the Chinese are ~d by Sharon Stone’s i

gnorant remark on Wenchuan earthquake.– Adam’s refusal to work overtime ~d his bos

s.

• no excuse for (para.2)– There is no ~ for that sort of behavior.– He had no ~ for being so late.

Language Points

• Strew (para.2): to scatter things around a large area– The table was strewn with books and papers.– The year was strewn with numerous pitfalls. 这一年里危机重重。

• Tattered (para.2): badly torn– He produced a tattered envelope from his pock

et.– There was an old woman in ~ clothes.– Her clothes were in tatters. 她的衣服破旧不堪。

Sentence Highlights

• I fell apart inside and broke into tears. (para.2)• I was emotionally disturbed (I missed my famil

y so much) and broke out crying.• A saying I once heard strikes a painful note in

my head, “Even one war is too many.” (para. 2)

• I suddenly recalled a saying I once heard that made me very painful, “We can’t afford even one war.”

Sentence Highlights

• The person who said it had a valid point. (para.2)

• The person who said it spoke the truth.

• Never have I been so enraged at my fellowman. (para.2)

• I have never been so enraged at any person as I am now at this man.

Comprehension• When and under what circumstance do you

think the last entry was written?• Possibly written before the author was killed

by the Nazi soldier who was inspecting the trench.

• What is this entry about?• It is like picture-taking with the focus shifting

from the approaching death on the battlefield to the author’s envisioned peace at home.

Comprehension• Look at these snapshots:

– Nazi troops’ invasion into their location– the author’s vision of lying in his own bed at h

ome, waiting for Christmas– his feeling of being close to death– his vision of his daughters at home– a Nazi soldier’s footsteps coming in his directi

on– his last wish to get his diary back home

Comprehension

• What is the author’s last question? What does that last word mean?

• “Why?”– Why do human beings start this mad war?– Why should I join the war?– Why must I be killed before I return to my h

ome?

• The author is questioning the sensibility of war. This entry ends abruptly possibly with the end of his life.

Language Points

• surface (entry 3) <v.>– Doubts are beginning to ~ about whether t

he right decision has been made.– A rumor has ~d that the company is about

to get out of business.

• like mad (entry 3)– She’s been saving like ~ because she wa

nts to buy a car.– I had to run like ~ to catch the bus.

Language Points

• Fiery (entry 3) ：– The leaves have turned ~ red in autumn.

(=very red or orange, and looking like fire)– He has a ~ temper. (=becoming angry or

excited very quickly)– His ~ speech ignited the audience. (=sho

wing or encouraging anger or excitement)– This dish has a ~ taste. (=very strong, ma

king part of your body feel hot 辣的 )

Language Points• Engulf (entry 3)

– The flames rapidly ~ed the house.– Northern areas of the country were ~ed by/in a

snowstorm last night.– The war is threatening to ~ the entire region.

• Panicking (entry 3) <v.>– The crowd panicked and stampeded for the exit.– He ran to the library in a blind panic. <n.>

Cf: Movie traffic flows towards that street. <n.>– Rumor has it that he trafficked in cocaine. <v.>

Language Points

• aglow (entry 3): having a soft light, or a strong, warm colour– The evening sky was still ~.– Linda's face was ~ with happiness.

• Inspect (entry 3): to examine– They ~ed the paintwork for cracks and fla

ws.– Customs officers came aboard to ~ our do

cuments.

Language Points

• shells (entry 3)→

• clear away

(closing remarks)– I want you to ~ all

these toys away

before bedtime.– He ~ed away and made coffee.

Language Points

• Doom (closing remarks): to make someone or something certain to fail, die, be destroyed etc– Many species are ~ed to extinction.– The plan was ~ed from the start.– We are all ~ed to die in the end.

• doom and gloom: when there seems to be no hope for the future

Language Points• The doomed battle site (closing remarks)

• A site is an area of ground on which a building or monument is constructed.– We visited the site of the Battle of the Waterlo

o yesterday. 滑铁卢战役旧址• My hiding spot (entry 3) ： a particular pl

ace or area

• A spot is a particular place or point.– This is the spot where the accident happened.

The pioneers of a warless world are the youth that refuse mili

tary service. — Albert Einstein

Thank you!

Lesson 3: Overview

• Duty report

• Paraphrase & word review

• Translation exercises

• Passage dictation

• Oral activities

Duty Report

• Survey on Diary

• Metonymy

• Adolf Hitler

Metonymy: a change of name

• He was not the man who let his heart rule his head.

• He reads Shakespeare.

• Would you care for a cup of Longjing?

• I saw him out with a skirt.

• Our Sony worked well.

heart for “feelings”; head for “sanity”

“the works of Shakespeare”

“Longjing tea”

“a woman”

“a Sony product”

Synecdoche

• Great minds think alike.

• My TV is out of order.

• All the wit and learning of the world were assembled there.

(=the wise and learned scholars)

• There is a mixture of the tiger and the ape in the character of a Frenchman.

(the tiger=ferocity; the ape=shrewdness)

minds = people

TV = part of TV

Allusion 引喻• These audiences have been joined by the

Pepsi Generation, which sees but does not believe.

这些观众中还有喝百事可乐的这一代年轻人，他们连亲眼目睹的事都不信。

• If I am late again, the boss will raise Cain.

如果我再迟到，老板就要大发雷霆了。

Antonomasia 换称• He is the Soloman of his age.

他是当时的大圣贤。• His Waterloo is a woman.

他的惨败是因为一个女人。• Our village Hercules has come.

我们村的大力士来了。• He is Sherlock Holmes the second.

他是福尔摩斯再世。

Paraphrase the underlined part.

• If it would have been some strangers’ corpses that I had seen I might have taken it lighter. (Entry 1)

• … I might have felt less sad.

• Couldn’t those men see that what they received was a one-way ticket to death.(Entry 1)

• …they were doomed to die.

Paraphrase the underlined part.

• I was suddenly knocked into a trench and able to be undetected by… (Entry 1)

• I was suddenly thrown into a trench by a great force and thus avoided being discovered by …

• I hope the garden that they planted is growing. (Entry 1)

• I hope those things they planted in the garden are growing.

Paraphrase the underlined part.

• My situation is grim and the odds of winning, or even surviving, seem unlikely. (Entry 2)

• My situation is worrying and the chance of winning, or even surviving, is very slim.

• More blood has been shed and my body simply cannot take it. (Entry 2)

• … I am unable to make myself believe and accept that so many people have been killed.

Paraphrase the underlined part.

• … it will make the children feel like their fathers made a difference. (Entry 2)

• … it will make the children understand that their fathers contributed greatly to the world by laying down their lives.

• I fell apart inside and broke into tears. (para.2)

• I was emotionally disturbed (I missed my family so much) and broke out crying.

Paraphrase the underlined part.

• A saying I once heard strikes a painful note in my head, “Even one war is too many.” (Entry 2)

• I suddenly recalled a saying I once heard that made me very painful, “We can’t afford even one war.”

• The person who said it had a valid point. (Entry 2)

• The person who said it spoke the truth.

Paraphrase the underlined part.

• Never have I been so enraged at my fellowman. (Entry 2)

• I have never been so enraged at any person as I am now at this man.

• I think we have a spy in our regiment because the nightmare has surfaced again. (Entry 3)

• …has appeared again.

Word & Idiom Review

• The o____ against being killed in a plane crash are very high.

• The fake painting was s______ by a New York art dealer.

• Our supply of coal is r______ low.

• Completely o__ __ _____, she got a letter from her long-lost cousin in New York.

oddsodds

spottedspotted

runningrunning

out of blueout of blue

Word Review

• If you refuse to provide any information of the user, then your computer program is d______ to failure.

• An almost unbearable loneliness e_______ her.

• C______ are strictly forbidden from entering that area.

• Food prices soared in the a_______ of the drought.

doomeddoomed

engulfedengulfedCiviliansCivilians

aftermathaftermath

Replace the underlined word with a synonym learned in Unit 9.

• The flowers were sent by an anonymous admirer.

• What are the probability of finding a parking space right outside the door?

• The court found him guiltless and he was released.

• The front room was scattered with books and clothes

unknown

odds

innocent

strewn

Replace the underlined word with a synonym learned in Unit 9.

• Famine was the immediate result of the drought.

• The refugees slept in temporary tents at the side of the road.

• The dead body was found by children playing in the woods.

• He was unaware of the hidden dangers.

• Her expression was serious and unpleasant.

aftermath

makeshift

corpse ignorant

grim

Word Derivation• It was all the fault of that ______ (hate) man!

• It was difficult to return to _______(civil) life after ten years in the military.

• The flat is ________(gulf) in flames.

• Dr Subroto questioned the scientific __________ (assume) on which the global warming theory is based.

• The night skies will be _____ (glow) with fireworks.

hateful

civilian

engulfed

assumption

aglow

Word Derivation• I've been __________ (bomb) by the press

and television since I came back from Norway.

• It is better to ___ (error) on the side of mercy.

• I admire his ________ (dedicate) to the job.

• Such things should not be allowed to happen in a _______ (civilian) society.

bombarded

err宁可失之过于怜悯。

dedication

civilized

Complete the sentence with an idiom learned in Unit 9.

• He regarded her ___ __ __ __ amusement.

• Vets ___ _________ to prevent the spread of the disease.

• A long-unseen friend appeared __ __ ___ _____ at her wedding ceremony.

• She bent down and ______ __ the little dog.

• Exercise has ____ _ ________in her health.

• R____ __ __ that Jean's getting married again.

with an air of

took precautions

out of the

scooped up

made a difference

Rumor has it

blue

Complete the sentence with an idiom learned in Unit 9.

• Smoking is _ ______ _____ to doom and is probably the most important single preventable cause of heart disease.

• Before his first round of discussions, Mr. Baker s___________ __ optimistic ____.

• Too much ______ has already been _____ in this conflict.

• She was e_____ __ his stupidity.

a one-way ticket

struck/sounded an note

blood shed

enraged at

Sentence Translation

• He was assigned to a succession of low-profile army jobs.

• Hudson had assigned a detective to case the pawn-brokers( 当铺老板 ).

• The company commander( 连长 ) assigned me to stand guard.

• 他被指派担任一系列默默无闻的陆军职务。

• 哈德森指派一名侦探去侦察那些当铺老板。

• 连长派我去站岗。

Sentence Translation

• Before each debate, he is expected to engage in mock debate.

• He has engaged a lawyer to argue his case in court.

• 他们正谈得起劲，没有看见我。

• 他聘请我来为他管帐。

• 在每次正式辩论前，他得先参加模拟辩论。

• 他已经聘请了一名律师出庭为他辩护。

• Engaged in conversation, they did not see me.

• He engaged me to manage his money.

Sentence Translation

• She scooped up the money John had left the desk.

• 他一把捞起地板上的书。• The boy picked up the p

ebbles with a scoop of his hand.

• 那妇女从小床中抱起婴儿。

• 她一把捞起约翰留在桌上的钱。

• He scooped his books up off the floor.

• 那个男孩用手抄起一把鹅卵石。

• The woman scooped the baby out of its cot/crib.

Sentence Translation

• He took the precaution of swallowing two sea sickness tablets.

• It makes a world of difference whether precautions are taken or not.

• 为了自身安全，期望员工们采取合理的预防措施。

• 他吞了两片晕船药以预防不适。

• 是否采取预防措施是大不一样的。

• Staff are expected to take reasonable precautions for their own safety.

Sentence Translation• In their efforts to reduce c

rime the government expanded the police force.

• 为了省钱，公司裁减了 150 名工人。

• The UN General Secretary flew to Iran in an effort to save the peace talk.

• 为了减肥，她每天早晨在公园慢跑。

• 政府扩充警力以减少犯罪。

• The company has laid off 150 workers in an effort to save money.

• 联合国秘书长飞抵伊朗以挽救和谈。

• She's jogging round the park every morning in an ~ to lose weight.

Sentence Translation

• When you are learning to drive, having a good teacher makes a big difference.

• Putting up some new wallpaper has made all the difference to the room

• 我不喜欢那幢房子，但新家具往里一放，情况就完全变了。

• 在你学习驾驶期间，有一名好教官会非常重要。

• 贴上一些新墙纸使得房间大为改观。

• I hate the house but the new furniture made all the difference.

Sentence Translation

• Rumor has it that Jean's getting married again.

• Rumor has it (that) you‘re going to be the next managing director(执行董事 ). Is it true?

• 谣传她和总经理关系暧昧。

• 听说他又被炒鱿鱼了。

• 谣传吉恩又要结婚了。• 听说你就要成为下一任执行董事人选了，是真的吗？

• Rumor has it that she is having an affair with the general manager.

• Rumor has it that he was sacked from his last job.

Sentence Translation

• His resignation came right out of the ~.

• Her mother's death came as a bolt out of the ~.

• One day, out of the ~, the actress announced that she was going to marry the director.

• 她突然打电话给我。

• 他的辞职完全出乎意料。

• 母亲的去世对她来说无异于晴天霹雳。

• 一天，那名女演员突然宣布她要嫁给导演。

• She phoned me out of the blue.

Translation (Page 125)

• 他抱起小男孩，逃离了大火。 (scoop up)

• He ~ed up the little boy and ran from the fire.

• 老板派我去检查全部出厂货物的质量。(assign)

• The boss ~ed me to check the quality of all the goods leaving the factory.

Translation (Page 125)

• 我们已经采取了一切措施防止那幅油画被盗。 (take precautions)

• We have taken all the ~s we can against the painting being stolen.

• 那家公司正出售他们的一些大楼以积攒资金。 (in an effort to)

• The company is selling off some of its buildings in an ~ to accumulate capital.

Translation (Page 125)• 学驾驶时，如有一位好教员指导，效果

大不相同。 (make a difference)

• When you are learning to drive, having a good teacher makes a difference.

• 谣传他在当地的一次袭击中被人杀害。(rumour has it that)

• Rumour has it that he was killed in a raid in the local area.

Translation (Page 125)

• 亚当拒绝加班，这使他的老板极为恼火。(enrage)

• Adam’s refusal to work overtime ~d his boss.

• 在那次晚会上一位老朋友突然出现，令我惊喜不已。 (out of the blue)

• I was pleasantly surprised to see an old friend who appeared at the party out of the ~.

Passage DictationMy Berlin diary for December 2 / was limited to four

words. / "Only three more days!" / The Foreign Office / was still holding up / my passport and exit visa, / which worried me. / I had to get my passport / and official permission to leave / on December 5. /

There was one other thing to do. / For weeks / I had thought over / how to get my diaries safely / out of Berlin. / At some moments / I had thought / I ought to destroy them before leaving. / There was enough in them / to get me hanged. /

The morning I got my passport and exit visa / I realized I had less than twenty-four hours / to figure out a way / of getting my Berlin diaries out. / I again thought of destroying them, / but I wanted very much to keep them, / if I could. / Suddenly, / later that morning, / the solution became clear. / It was risky, / but it was worth a try.

Thank you!The purpose of all war is peace.