unit 8: sport · web viewin the netherlands there were two games called kolf or colf. the dutch...

Unit 8: Sport

Scots language and culture 1 Scots language and culture - part 1

Unit 8: Sportby Ged O’Brien

of 83 19th December 2019

https://www.open.edu/openlearncreate/course/view.php?id=2705


Unit 8: Sport

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Unit 8: Sport

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Unit 8: Sport

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Unit 8: Sport

Contents Introduction 8. Introductory handsel 8.1 The Sport of Curling 8.2 The Sport of Gowf 8.3 The Game of Bools 8.4 The Game of Fitba 8.5 The hidden story of Scottish football 8.6 What I have learned Further research References Acknowledgements




Unit 8: Sport

IntroductionIn this unit you will learn about Scots language and Sport,

introducing you to words which have been used to describe objects

which are particularly relevant to Scottish sporting culture. Many of

these sports were invented or codified in Scotland. Many have

gone around the world to become international sports.

Some of the words we use in Scots have therefore become

common around the globe, thanks to the importance of Scotland in

the development of world sport.Those which have carried Scots

culture around the world are: Bowls, Curling, Golf and Football. We

will look at these games and study the many terms which are

associated with objects from the sport or which describe the

players or aspects of the game.

Important details to take notes on, throughout this unit:

A comparison of the games of Curling and Bowls, and

Scots words related to these games

The history of men’s and women’s Football in Scotland

The influence of Scottish culture on important world

sports as seen in Scots sports vocabulary language

links




Unit 8: Sport

The history of the ‘tools’ used for playing Golf

Activity 1 Before commencing your study of this unit, you may wish to jot

down some thoughts on the four important details we suggest you

take notes on throughout this unit. You could write down what you

already know about each of these four points, as well as any

assumption or question you might have.

Provide your answer...




Unit 8: Sport

8. Introductory handselA Scots word and example sentence to learn:

Besom Definition: A sweeping implement.

The spelling besom in Sc. is often deceptive, as the

pronunciation in many cases is better represented by

bissom or bizom.

Example sentence: “…at the call of the skip, ‘Soop her up’, down came the besoms like lightning…”

English translation: “When the captain of

the curling team shouted his instruction to

start brushing, the brooms were

immediately placed on the ice.”

Activity 2Click to hear the sentence above read by a Scots speaker.

You can then make your own recording and play it back to check

your pronunciation.

Audio content is not available in this format.




http://www.dsl.ac.uk/entry/snd/besom

Unit 8: Sport

View transcript - Uncaptioned voice recording


View transcript - Uncaptioned model voice recording

Go to the Dictionary of the Scots Language for a full definition

of the word

Broom store

Language linksIn the context of the sport of curling, a besom is the long handled

broom which Curlers use to brush the ice in front of a curling stone.

The stone will have been propelled towards the target, known as of 83 19th December 2019



http://www.dsl.ac.uk/entry/snd/besom

Unit 8: Sport

the ‘house’. In doing so, the friction of brushing makes the ice melt

and allows the stone to keep 'roaring' on. The sound of the stone

sliding across the ice gives Curling its nickname of the “Roaring

Game”.

Skilled brushing can change the direction of a stone. The word

once literally meant the plant from which the besom was made:

the broom plant. The branches of the broom plant were tied

together to make a broom for sweeping. The word comes from the

Old High German brâmo, meaning bramble.

The word is also a popular Scots noun that is used to describe a

young woman or girl who is badly behaved or cheeky:

Example sentence: Haud your wheesht, ya wee besom!

English translation: Please stop talking, you cheeky

young woman!

[Literally: ‘hold your silence..’]

The Oxford English Dictionary suggests that the two words are

entirely unconnected. It is a coincidence that they sound the same.

However, in German, the word besen is used as a name for a

maid servant or young girl.

Related word:




Unit 8: Sport

Soop Definition: In curling, to sweep (the ice) in the path of a

curling-stone in order to assist its progress; to speed

up (a curling-stone) onwards by so doing.

Example sentence: …at the call of the skip, ‘Soop her up’, down came the besoms like lightning…

Activity 3Click to hear the sentence above read by a Scots speaker.


your pronunciation.






of the word




http://www.dsl.ac.uk/entry/snd/soop

http://www.dsl.ac.uk/entry/snd/soop

Unit 8: Sport

Language linksIn curling, the stone is thrown towards the ‘house’ or target of

concentric circles. Unless the curler is exceptionally gifted and the

ice is perfect, a pair of players will have to brush the ice to make it

melt. This reduces friction and allows the stone to continue on a

straighter path. As it slows, it starts to curve in its trajectory, which

may or may not be a good thing. The skip will observe the path of

the stone.

Please note that the word soop has no connection to the English

noun ‘soup’, even though the latter spelling has been used to

describe the act of sweeping. Remember that the spelling of words




Unit 8: Sport

was less important than the sound, for centuries. It was not until

the printed word became so common, that single spellings of

words had to be agreed, so that there was consistency across

publications.

If you want to learn more about sooping in curling, watch this video published by World Curling TV.

Another related word:

Skip Definition: In curling or bowls: the captain and director

of play of a rink or side of players


of the word

The word skip is the shortened form of skipper or captain. This

person is normally the best and most experienced curler, who

directs the play and is ready with the directions for sooping up the

stane or curling stone. Like many other Scots words, skip shares

a heritage with the Middle Dutch word schipper, coming from

schip: a ship. Therefore, the skip is metaphorically the captain of

the ship i.e. they have total control of the members of their curling

team.




http://www.dsl.ac.uk/entry/snd/skip_n1_v2

http://www.dsl.ac.uk/entry/snd/skip_n1_v2

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-xFxC-JgWtk


Unit 8: Sport

8.1 The Sport of CurlingCurling is an outdoor sport played on ice. It was invented in

medieval Scotland with a first written reference from Paisley Abbey

just to the west of Glasgow, in 1541. Most games are now played

indoors, due to the warming of Scottish winters since the ending of

the ‘Little Ice Age’ in the 1800s.

This is a slightly humorous drawing of curlers waiting for a stone to

be delivered down the ice. Their besoms are very much like the

plant in Kohler’s Medicinal Plants published 1887 and the ones

shown in the image that comes with the introductory handsel of

this unit. They are basically a bundle of sticks tied together.

Curling at Eglinton Castle, Ayrshire in 1860




https://biblio.co.uk/bookstore/oldimprintscom-portland/botanical-prints-kohlers-medicinal-plants-chromolithographs/2266118

Unit 8: Sport

Originally, the stones which were used to throw on the ice, came

from the beds of rivers and were known as channel stanes in

Scots. They were stones from the course or ‘channel’ of running

water and smoothed by that running water. In the 19th century, the

stones were taken from an area of hard granite from the island of

Ailsa Craig (Aillse Craig or in Scots Gaelic fairy rock) in the Firth

of the river Clyde. The stones were given handles and were

worked into a circular shape. The curling stones drawn by John

Kerr in his History of Curling (1890) looked very similar to this

modern curling stone in the photograph.




Unit 8: Sport

Curling Stone by Brett Artnett




Unit 8: Sport

In this image from Canada, a player with his besom is sooping up, as the stone is about to strike another. Changing the direction

or speed of the stone by even a few centimetres or metres per

second can be the difference between defeat and victory and is a

skilled task.

Curling is a game played internationally. It was codified in

Scotland. The world's oldest national association is the Royal

Caledonian Curling Club (RCCC), founded in 1838. The World

Curling Federation (WCF) was founded by the RCCC and is based

in Perth, Scotland.

Activity 4 of 83 19th December 2019



Unit 8: Sport

In this activity you will work with two Scots words closely related to

Curling.

1. Search the online Dictionary of the Scots Language for

the two words: crampit and loch.

2. Take a note of the definitions for these two words and

find a reference for each word, which relates to the

sport of Curling. One is a piece of equipment and one

describes a place which is extremely important in

Scottish culture.


View answer - Activity 4




Unit 8: Sport

8.2 The Sport of Gowf

Jeremiah Davison ‘The McDonald Boys Playing Golf’ (1741)




Unit 8: Sport

Golf is a stick and ball game played outdoors. The object of the

game is to drive a ball, in as few strokes as possible, into a small

hole. A variety of clubs of differing types can be used in this

endeavour. The modern game is seen as a Scottish invention,

although what is now played in the Netherlands has linguistic

evidence that people there played a similar sport to modern golf.

Activity 5In this activity you will engage with some key Scots words related

to the game of gowf. The first Scots word and example sentence

for you to learn are:

Gowf

(another spelling as seen in the example sentence is

gouf)

Definition: The game of golf, played first in Scot. in the

15th c. and popularised in Eng. about 150 years later.

n. A dull blow, a hit, slap, buffet

Example sentence: “When the expresse came to him [King Charles I] with letters giving accompt of the Irish Massacre, he was playing at the gouf in the Links of Leith.”

(Wodrow, Analecta, 1842) of 83 19th December 2019



http://www.dsl.ac.uk/entry/snd/gowf_n1_v1

Unit 8: Sport

Part 1

Translate the example sentence into English. To help you with this,

go to the Dictionary of the Scots Language for a full definition

of the word


View answer - Part 1

Part 2

Click to hear the sentence above read by a Scots speaker.


your pronunciation.





Language linksThere are interesting language links with the Scots word gouf or

gowf, which relate to the two definitions of the word. You can see

that whilst one is applied to the game itself, the other is a noun




http://www.dsl.ac.uk/entry/snd/gowf_n1_v1

Unit 8: Sport

meaning a blow or a slap. It is possible to see how this word was

used in other sports which struck a ball.

Please note that the word gowf or gouf is an example of a word

that has close links to languages spoken in other countries. In the

Netherlands there were two games called kolf or colf. The Dutch

word colve means a stick, club or bat. The Dutch had the word

kolf for a club and kolf-bal - a ball for club games. Gouf or gowf is also related to the Old Norse kolfr meaning the clapper of a bell.

The main difference in the sports is that Scots played theirs as an

outdoor game on links courses and struck the ball towards a hole

in the ground. In the Netherlands it seems that the ball was struck

towards an above-ground target like a tree, a stake or sometimes a

hole.

There is a useful and very famous related word to gouf in Scotland:

Links Definition: The sandy undulating ground, gen. covered

with turf, bent grass, gorse, etc., which is freq. found

near the sea-shore on a flat part of the coast, and is

often common ground belonging to the nearest town.

Again, there are interesting Language Links here:




http://www.dsl.ac.uk/entry/snd/links

Unit 8: Sport

The word links is related to the Old English word hlinc meaning

rising ground or a ridge. In the Scottish use of the term, it mostly

refers to the undulating dunes seen at the seashore. It appears

often in Scottish place names such as Bruntsfield Links, Dornoch

Links and the Links of Montrose. The term has come to mean ‘golf

course’ for many people.

The reason for the use of links for the game of gowf is entirely

pragmatic. The soil of links is sandy and unsuitable for arable

farming. It is likely to be on the coast, where the populations of

most countries lived until the Industrial Revolution created cities

near primary resources for industries such as coal and iron.

Grazing animals could keep grasses cropped and rain was not a

problem, as the sandy soil drained very quickly – ideal conditions

for playing gowf.

Please note that the Netherlands and the east coast of Scotland

have strong cultural connections through trade. It is not surprising

that the two countries share a history of stick and ball games. Look

at pictures of east coast towns like Culross to see a strong Dutch

influence in architecture.




Unit 8: Sport

May Photograph Culross Mercat Cross Scotland




Unit 8: Sport

Dutch architecture--old house in Broad Street. By Davis, Alexander Jackson (1803-1892) of 83 19th December 2019



Unit 8: Sport

Until the 1930s, most golf clubs came from Scotland. They had

predominantly hickory shafts and leather grips and there was no

limit to the number of clubs a golfer could use. They were each

named with a Scots word. However from 1939, the Royal and Ancient Golf Club of Saint Andrews (R&A) introduced a rule

that a player was only allowed a set of 14 golf clubs. The clubs

were numbered and each was of an agreed type and usage e.g.

putters or drivers. As the R&A were the supreme arbiters of the

rules of the Game outside of the Americas, it meant that, ironically,

usage of the Scots words for clubs declined.

Club House, Royal and Ancient Golf Club of St Andrews, Saint Andrews, Fife, Ecosse, Royaume-Uni.




https://www.randa.org/Heritage/The-Royal-Ancient/The-Royal-Ancient-Golf-Club

https://www.randa.org/Heritage/The-Royal-Ancient/The-Royal-Ancient-Golf-Club

Unit 8: Sport

Activity 6In this activity you will learn some Scots names for the most

commonly used golf clubs.

Match the descriptions of the clubs with their names by dragging these to the correct place.

You may want to use the Dictionary of the Scots Language to help

you. But maybe you have heard these words before and do not

need the dictionary at all?

n.[′mɑʃi] 1. An iron golf club introduced c.1880 and used for

approach shots, having a straight sole and face with the face at a

medium angle to the shaft.

A golf-club with a small, round, heavy head, and a strong shaft,

designed for getting the ball out of an awkward or constricted

position, corresponding to the No. 5 iron.

n.2 An iron golf-club, popular at the beginning of this century,

corresponding to the modern no. 4 iron.

Niblick

Mashie

Jigger




Unit 8: Sport





Unit 8: Sport

8.3 The Game of BoolsBowls is a game codified by the Scots and exported around the

world. The Wellcroft Club in Glasgow (founded 1835) have the

ancestor of the world rules in their first minute book. The Scottish Bowling Association (SBA) was the world’s first national

association: founded 1892. If you do extension research on sport

in Scotland, you will quickly see how Bowls and Curling are very

similar in their tactics and field of play. Further study will show how

words such as rink can also appear in quoits and racing generally.

View description - Uncaptioned Figure of 83 19th December 2019



https://www.bowlsscotland.com/


Unit 8: Sport

Activity 7

Part 1

As with the other types of sports, you will start your work in this

section with some Scots words relating to bool.

Here are a Scots word and example sentence

connected to the game for you to learn:

Bool

Definition 2: A bowler's bowl, a “wood.” Gen.Sc. 3.

Extended to mean the game.

Example sentence: “The bool rolled across the rink and kissed the kitty.”

English translation: “The bowl rolled

across the grass and just touched the

jack.”

Please note: The name of the game is the same as

the name of the item/tool the game is played with.

Part 2



your pronunciation. of 83 19th December 2019



http://www.dsl.ac.uk/entry/snd/bool_n1

Unit 8: Sport






of the word.

Language links

Arbor of leaning lignum vitae (Guaiacum sp.) by Joel Abroad




http://www.dsl.ac.uk/entry/snd/bool_n1

Unit 8: Sport

The bowl is called a ‘wood’ because it was originally that: a bowl

made from lignum vitae: one of the hardest woods in the world.

Until the advent of modern composite materials, the oldest bowls

manufacturer in the world, Thomas Taylors of Glasgow, used

lignum vitae.

“Back in the 1800's, when all bowls were shaped by hand to a template and consequently, no two bowls were exactly alike, Thomas Taylor made and patented a machine for shaping bowls accurately. In that same year the Company introduced the world's first testing table for bias of bowls.”

(Taylor Bowls)

There are two useful related words to bool.

Related word 1:

Rink Definition:

1. The piece of ground marked out for a contest,

combat, race, etc., an arena.

2. The area of play marked out in the games of curling

and quoits.




http://www.dsl.ac.uk/entry/snd/rink

https://www.taylorbowls.com/about

Unit 8: Sport


of the word.

Language links

Bowling Greens and Gilbert Scott Building, University of Glasgow, Kelvingrove Park

The term rink comes from the Old Scots word renk meaning an

arena for combat. English words such as rank and range all come

from the same origin: the Old French renc or ranc and before that

the Old Teutonic cognate ring. This gives a word which suggests

a boundary area. In modern bowls, the game is played on a large

area of grass called a bowling green. Within the space of the green of 83 19th December 2019



http://www.dsl.ac.uk/entry/snd/rink

Unit 8: Sport

are rectangular areas of play called rinks. The bigger the area of

grass, the more rinks that can be created.

Related word 2:

Kitty Definition: 3. The jack or white ball aimed at in the

game of bowls. Also kit, id.


of the word.

Language linksLike curling, the object of the game is to throw your bool down the

rink and come closest to an agreed point. The bools closest to the

agreed point are the bools which score the points. Where curling

marks a set of concentric circuit lines on the ice and calls it a

‘house’, in bowling a white ball, called a kitty, is thrown down the

rink, to act as a target. In English the word would be ‘jack’.

Therefore, the phrase ‘kissing the kitty’ is a bool that is almost

perfect and has come to rest, lightly touching the kitty. It is, by

definition, almost impossible to get a competing bool any closer.

Note that the term kitty is also used to denote an object hit in the

game of Shinty: another ancient Scottish stick and ball, field

game.




http://www.dsl.ac.uk/entry/snd/kittie_n1

Unit 8: Sport

When studying the two sports of Bool and Curling, you will have

noticed that these two games have much in common. Here are

some more aspects that apply to both games:

both were codified in the 19th century

both are team games

both have become international sports

both are tied to locality

both are played on a long, rectangular surface

they complement one another, in that one is a winter

game and one is a summer game

the skills and tactics required in both games are similar

both games are a product of the environment and

culture of Scotland, e.g. curling could not have been

founded in a hot country and bowls requires a

temperate climate

both emphasise social setting and gregariousness.

Activity 8




Unit 8: Sport

In this activity you will further explore the connections between the

two games and also discover the recognition of both games today

and things that might distinguish them.

Read an article in the Irish Independent ‘What do bowls players make of curling, and do they envy its popularity?’ (McLean, 2018) which gives you interesting insights into the

popularity and status of both games today.

While reading, this time take notes on what distinguishes both games and why one might be more popular than the other.





https://www.independent.ie/world-news/and-finally/what-do-bowls-players-make-of-curling-and-do-they-envy-its-popularity-36632072.html


Unit 8: Sport

8.4 The Game of FitbaFootball plays a hugely important role in Scottish culture and has

for a long time. It is widely covered in the media. Nevertheless,

here we are presenting you with some facts about Scottish football

you might not yet have come across. You will look at the men’s

game but also at the turbulent history of women and football in

Scotland.

Activity 9To start with, you will once again work with some key Scots words

related to the game of fitba. Here is a Scots word and example

sentence for you to learn.

Ba Definition: forms of ball, with meanings partly as in

St.Eng., partly peculiar to Sc. 1. Football as in Eng.

Gen.Sc.

Example sentence: “That useless tumshie couldnae kick the ba.”

English translation: “That player who is as

useful as a turnip could not kick the

football.”




http://www.dsl.ac.uk/entry/snd/ba_n1

Unit 8: Sport



your pronunciation.






of the word.




http://www.dsl.ac.uk/entry/snd/ba_n1

Unit 8: Sport

Team Photo Queens Park FC 1874 with the Scottish Cup and a ba.

Language linksBa is an example of a word which has cognates in many other

European languages. It is often combined with words such as

‘hand’ or ‘foot’ to create names for objects or the game in which

the object is used e.g. ‘handball’ and ‘football’. Note that the

handball of Scotland bears no relation to the modern indoor sport

played in Central Europe. The Scottish game is an ancestor of

Squash.

The ba can apply to both the equipment and the game itself. In

many parts of Scotland there are examples of ancient ba games

which bear little relation to the Association Football code which

was invented in Scotland.

A word sometimes related to ba – especially in live commentaries,

and which you came across in the first example sentence of this

activity is:

Tumshie Definition: A jocular or colloq. name for a turnip (m.

and s.Sc. 1973).


of the word.




http://www.dsl.ac.uk/entry/snd/tumshie

http://www.dsl.ac.uk/entry/snd/tumshie

Unit 8: Sport

Language linksTumshie is a good example of an ordinary term in Scots being

used metaphorically in a pejorative fashion: as a piece of invective.

The term appears to derive from the English ‘turnip’ and now has

the definition of a contemptuous word for an idiot or someone of

little use or skill. Football also provides us with related Scots

phrases such as ‘ya lump a wid’ (you lump of wood), ‘he couldnae tackle a bag of cement’ (he could not even tackle an

inanimate object) or ‘he’s a big stookie’ (he is as mobile as a

scarecrow’).

Activity 10Now find out about some historical aspects of the game of Fitba in

Scotland. Former Open University student John Simkin wrote this

summary of the early days of more formally organised Scottish

men’s football.

While reading, take a note of things that are new to you, and of

things that have not changed much since the early days of football

in Scotland.

“The first international [men’s] football game [was] played on the 30th November, 1872 [at the West of Scotland Cricket Club with 4000 spectators]. [A] team of English born players [were to] play against a team from Scotland.




Unit 8: Sport

The match, played in Glasgow, ended in a 0-0 draw. The main objective was to publicize the game of football in Scotland. It had the desired effect and the following year the Scottish Football Association was formed and the England-Scotland match became an annual fixture.

Initially, the Scottish Football Association comprised of eight clubs, 3rd Lanarkshire Rifle Volunteers, Clydesdale, Dumbreck, Eastern, Granville, Kilmarnock, Queen's Park and Vale of Leven. The SFA established a challenge cup and this was won by Queen's Park in its first year. Queen's Park also entered the FA Cup in its first season and reached the final in 1884 and 1885. Both times they lost to Blackburn Rovers. […]

The Scottish League was established in 1890. Since 1890 Glasgow Rangers and Celtic have dominated the competition. […]

Major William Sudell, the manager of a local factory in Preston, became the secretary of Preston North End. Sudell decided to improve the quality of the team by importing top players from other areas. This included several players from Scotland. […] In an attempt to stop this migration of players, the Scottish Football Association made it clear that it would not select players for the




Unit 8: Sport

Scotland international side who played in England. This action failed to stop footballers moving south. […]

Between the First and Second World Wars, Scotland emerged as the leading football power in Britain. Their chief rivals were Wales who won the championship six times between 1920 and 1937.”

(Simkin, Football in Scotland, 2014)






https://spartacus-educational.com/Fscotland.htm

Unit 8: Sport

8.5 The hidden story of Scottish footballAlthough the more institutionalised football game as we know it

today emerged in the second half of the 19th century, football was

already played in Scotland in the early Middle Ages. One of the

reasons for this long tradition might be that football is a game that

is easy to play – all that is needed are players, a bit of flat ground

and a ball of some sort. Simkin states:

“Early games of football in Britain were played with blown-up animal bladders. These tended to burst and eventually most ball games played during the Middle Ages used a more solid ball. According to one historian of this period the ball was ‘usually a leather covering filled with cork shavings or a similar material.’”

(Simkin, Footballs, 2014)

And there is a widely neglected aspect of the long history of the

game in Scotland, namely women’s football. Women throughout

history actually had to fight to be able to play the game publically.

BBC Scotland News maintains that “[w]omen's football is

flourishing [today], but for centuries the game endured chronic

discrimination, sexism and was even banned.” (BBC News, 2013)




https://spartacus-educational.com/Fballs.htm

Unit 8: Sport

Yet, Simkin highlights that Scotland was the place where women

appear to have been introduced to the game first:

“[… it] seems to be the first country in the world to encourage women to play football. In the 18th century football was even linked to local marriage customs in the Highlands. Single women would play football games against married women. Single men would watch these games and use the evidence of their footballing ability to help them select prospective brides.”

(Simkin, 2014)

The BBC Scotland News reports that:

“[c]hurch documents record women playing football in 1628 in Carstairs, Lanarkshire; A kirk session minute of January 1656 details drunkenness and fighting during both men's and women's games played on Fasting's eve; An annual match is said to have been contested by teams of married and single women near Inverness in the 1700s.”

(BBC Scotland News, 2013)




Unit 8: Sport

Mrs Graham’s XI in 1895

In the 19th century, Scottish women even played international

football before their male counterparts did – a fact that tends not to

be mentioned in reports about the history of football in Scotland.

Here is an extract from the BBC Scotland News article ‘The Honeyballers: Women who fought to play football’ outlining

the history of the women’s game in Scotland.

“Britain's first recorded international women's football match was played in Edinburgh in May 1881. A team representing Scotland beat one from England 3-0, with Lily St Clair scoring the opener. In a report following the match, the Glasgow Herald described the Scottish team as




https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-highlands-islands-24176354


Unit 8: Sport

looking smart in blue jerseys, white knickerbockers, red belts and high heeled boots. Another game followed a few days later, this time in Glasgow. It had to be abandoned when hundreds of men ran on to the pitch. The players escaped on a bus drawn by four grey horses amid chaotic scenes of vandalism and fighting between spectators and police.

[…] In 1894, medical professionals called for girls and women to be banned completely from playing. However, some determined characters refused to be denied a sport that they were passionate about. The British Ladies Football Club was formed in 1895 with Dumfries aristocrat Lady Florence Dixie as its patron. Team captain was Mary Hutson who played under the pseudonym, Nettie Honeyball. […]

Later, during World War I, there was a brief revival. With thousands of men sent away to fight in the trenches, women took up traditional male roles in work and play. Dr Fiona Skillen, of Glasgow Caledonian University, said: "The First World War is a real critical point for women, especially working class women. […] you find that there is a growth in different kinds of sports, different kinds of leisure activities, because these young women are getting involved with them." of 83 19th December 2019



Unit 8: Sport

New teams emerged including one from Beardmore's Forge in Parkhead, Glasgow, that played an unofficial match against an English side at Celtic Park on 2 March 1918. Crowds of more than 50,000 turned out to watch games, but the end of the war was soon followed by an official British ban on the women's game in 1921. […] But the women's game survived thanks to the determination of teams both north and south of the border. […] Eventually the ban was officially lifted in the 1970s.”

(BBC Scotland News, 2013)

Activity 11 After reading the text about the history of women’s football, take

some notes about the facts you personally find most interesting

and enlightening. You may also want to compare what you have

read here with the history of the men’s game.



Activity 12Look at a list of Scottish Football League clubs and their nicknames, which reflect the close connection of the clubs to their

local communities.




https://www.scotslanguage.com/Football/What's_in_a_game%3F


Unit 8: Sport

Can you match the club names with their nicknames? When

sorting the nicknames, keep in mind Scotland’s geography and

possible local connections. Also think about Scots words you have

come across in this course so far. If you need help, as always, go

to the DSL.

Drag the nicknames to the position that you think fit with the correct club’s names. Some answers might be easier to deduct than others. Once you have found the right combinations, check the additional information we have provided in the note.

Albion Rovers

Arbroath

Berwick Rangers

Carnoustie Panmure

Partick Thistle

Queen of the South

Falkirk

The Wee Rovers

The Wee Gers




Unit 8: Sport

The Red Lichties

The Jags

The Gowfers

The Doonhamers

The Bairns





Unit 8: Sport

8.6 What I have learnedThe final activity of this section is designed to help you review,

consolidate and reflect on what you have learned in this unit. You

will revisit the key learning points of the unit and the initial thoughts

you noted down before commencing your study of it.

Activity 13Before finishing your work on this unit, please revisit what you

worked on in Activity 1, where we asked you to take some notes

on what you already knew in relation to the key learning points of

the unit.

Not available in this format.

Compare your notes from before you studied this unit with what you have learned here and add to these notes as you see fit to produce a record of your learning.

Here are the key learning points again for you as a reminder:

A comparison of the games of curling and bool, and

Scots words related to these games

The history of men’s and women’s football in Scotland




Unit 8: Sport

The influence of Scottish culture on important world

sports as seen in Scots sports vocabulary language

links

The history of the ‘tools’ used for playing golf




Unit 8: Sport

Further researchSport has been a subject for literature only occasionally. However,

some of Scotland's greatest writers have produced work in the

Scots language.

Look for the folk song Fitba Crazy which was originally written by

James Curran in the 19th century and has changed throughout the

following decades. It became a British pop hit in 1960 for Robin

Hall and Jimmy McGregor. Compare the written words on

Sangstories to the lyrics on YouTube which have been slightly

altered for a non-Scots audience.

Robert Burns included a poem on Curling in his elegy for his friend

Tam Samson who had not yet died when it was written! Poem:

‘Tam Samson's Elegy’.

An explanation of some of the terms used in Curling can be found

in the RCCC's History of the Game.

Find out more about the similarities of Curling and Bowls in

Encyclopaedia Britannica (2018) Curling and A Tomlinson's A Dictionary of Sports Studies, Oxford University Press.

An interesting insight into women’s football in Britain is provided in:

Tate, T. (2013) Girls with Balls: The Secret History of Women’s Football, London, John Blake Publishing. of 83 19th December 2019



https://www.britannica.com/sports/curling

http://www.royalcaledoniancurlingclub.org/curling-history/history-of-the-game/

http://www.robertburns.org/works/141.shtml

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wDRBDX3nt_o

http://sangstories.webs.com/

Unit 8: Sport

To listen to the Scots language in a sports context, tune in to the

Off the Ball football show, which you have already come across

in unit 1, on BBC Radio Scotland, moderated by Tam Cowan and

Stuart Cosgrove. This website, with a wide collection of clips and

live programmes, highlights that Scots is very much a living

language of Scotland.

Another interesting recording is a short interview with Stuart Cosgrove from the Off the Ball radio show, in which he talks

about how his childhood shaped the language he uses. Cosgrove

“discusses how important Scots words are in relation to any

discussion about Scottish football. He reflects on his childhood and

how the language of the playground was Scots and the language

of the classroom was more formal English. He invites the viewers

to take pride in their language and continue to celebrate their

culture and history by using it”.

If you want to listen to a recording about football in the Doric

dialect, listen to ‘Auchterturra’, a comic performance by one the

characters from 'Scotland the What?'. An Aberdeen football fan

addresses a humorous good luck message to his team, on behalf

of the fictitious village of Auchterturra, and expresses his

unhappiness at being unable to be at the match himself.

Listen to Rhona Martin speak about Scots language and curling in

this BBC Bitesize clip. The Olympic Curling champion explains




https://www.bbc.com/bitesize/clips/zgg2tfr

https://movingimage.nls.uk/film/4216

https://www.bbc.com/bitesize/clips/zt6vcdm

https://www.bbc.com/bitesize/clips/zt6vcdm

https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b0079mcc

Unit 8: Sport

how stones on the rink can often create a messy picture and

resemble a 'guddle'. Rhona talks us through the games leading up

to the Gold medal performance and the dramas on the way to

victory. She comments on being 'scunnered' and 'crabbit' on

occasion, suggesting that the sport has its ups and downs.

Now go on to Unit 9: Drama, television and film.




http://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/mod/oucontent/olinkremote.php?website=Scots%20language%20and%20culture%201&targetdoc=Unit%209:%20Drama,%20television%20and%20film

Unit 8: Sport

ReferencesBBC Scotland News (2013) The Honeyballers: Women who fought to play football, 26 September [Online]. Available at

https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-highlands-islands-24176354 (Accessed 10 January 2019).

Kerr, J. (1890) The History of Curling, Edinburgh, David

Douglas.

Kerr, J. (1890) The History of Curling [Online]. Available at

https://archive.org/stream/historyofcurling00kerruoft/historyofcurling00kerruoft_djvu.txt (Accessed 10 January 2019).

Kohler (1887) Medicinal Plants [Online]. Available at

https://biblio.co.uk/bookstore/oldimprintscom-portland/botanical-prints-kohlers-medicinal-plants-chromolithographs/2266118 (Accessed 25 January 2019).

McLean, M. (2018) ‘What do bowls players make of curling, and do

they envy its popularity?’, The Irish Independent, 22 February

[Online]. Available at https://www.independent.ie/world-news/and-finally/what-do-bowls-players-make-of-curling-and-do-they-envy-its-popularity-36632072.html (Accessed

22 January 2019).










https://archive.org/stream/historyofcurling00kerruoft/historyofcurling00kerruoft_djvu.txt

https://archive.org/stream/historyofcurling00kerruoft/historyofcurling00kerruoft_djvu.txt



Unit 8: Sport

Scots Language Centre, (n.d.) What’s in a game? [Online].

Available at https://www.scotslanguage.com/Football/What%27s_in_a_game%3F (Accessed 10 January 2019).

Scottish Bowling Association (n.d.) Bowls Scotland [Online].

Available at https://www.bowlsscotland.com (Accessed 10

January 2019).

Simkin, J. (2014) Football in Scotland [Online]. Available at

https://spartacus-educational.com/Fscotland.htm (Accessed

22 January 2019).

Taylor (n.d.) The Company [Online]. Available at

https://www.taylorbowls.com/about (Accessed 22 January

2019).

World Curling TV (2011) Curling: Learn more about sweeping,

10 December [Online]. Available at

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-xFxC-JgWtk (Accessed

25 January 2019).

Wodrow, R., Rev. (1842) Analecta, Vol. 2 [Online]. Available at

https://archive.org/stream/analecta00unkngoog#page/n8/mode/2up/search/links (Accessed 25 January 2019).




https://archive.org/stream/analecta00unkngoog#page/n8/mode/2up/search/links

https://archive.org/stream/analecta00unkngoog#page/n8/mode/2up/search/links


https://www.taylorbowls.com/about

https://spartacus-educational.com/Fscotland.htm




Unit 8: Sport

AcknowledgementsEvery effort has been made to contact copyright holders. If any

have been inadvertently overlooked the publishers will be pleased

to make the necessary arrangements at the first opportunity.

Grateful acknowledgement is made to the following sources:

Course Image: Supplied by Bruce Eunson / Education Scotland

Image in Activity 2: razvan.orendovici. This file is licensed under

the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike

Licence http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.0

Image in Activity 3: Jonathan Pope, cropped by Beyond My Ken /

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Olympic_Curling,_Vancou

ver_2010_crop_sweeping.jpg. This file is licensed under the

Creative Commons Attribution Licence

http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/

Bret Arnett. This file is licensed under the Creative Commons

Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike Licence

http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.0/

John Boyd/ Archives of Ontario

Image on page 12: Sir James Macdonald 1741 - 1766 and Sir

Alexander Macdonald 1744/1745 - 1795. Access no: PG 2127, of 83 19th December 2019



Unit 8: Sport

National Galleries Scotland, purchased 1967. Photograph: Antonia

Reeve

Image on page 15: Tour Scotland Photographs. This file is

licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-

NoDerivs Licence

http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.0/

Image on page 16: X3A Collection/ Alamy

Image on page 17: byb64. This file is licensed under the Creative

Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike Licence

http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.0

Image on page 18: Dr Sylvia Warnecke

Image on page 19: Mattinbgn. This file is licensed under the

Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike

Licence http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

Image on page 20: Joel Abroad. This file is licensed under the

Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike

Licence http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.0

Image on page 21: k4dordy. This file is licensed under the Creative

Commons Attribution 2.0 Licence

http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0




Unit 8: Sport

Image in Activity 9: Roger May. This file is licensed under the

Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-NoDerivatives

Licence http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.0/

TextExtract in Activity 10: Simkin, J. (1997) Football in Scotland.

Updated 2014. spartacus-educational.com. © 1997-2016

Spartacus Educational Publishers Ltd.

Extract on pages 26 and 30: BBC News Scotland (2013) ‘The

Honeyballers: Women who fought to play football’,

https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-highlands-islands-

24176354. BBC News




Unit 8: Sport

Activity 4AnswerWord 1:

Crampet, crampit, cramp-bit, n. Cf. Cramp, n.2 [′krɑmpɪt]

5. A flat piece of iron with 4 spikes, bound to the sole of the

shoe to keep a curler from slipping.

6. The iron sheet on the ice on which curlers stand when

delivering their stones (Abd.9, Fif.10, Kcb.10 1940). Cf. Cramp,

n.2, 3.

Word 2:

Loch, n., v. Also lauch; ‡louch (s.Sc. 1873 D.S.C.S. 119),

†lough. [lɔx, s.Sc. + lʌuxʍ]

I. n. 1. A lake, a sheet of natural water, an arm of the sea, esp. of the fiord shape (Sc. 1755 Johnson Dict., 1808 Jam.).

Gen.Sc., universally applied to natural lakes, except the Lake

of Menteith in Perthshire. Lake is used only of artificial formations

(except as under Lake).

Back to - Activity 4




http://www.dsl.ac.uk/entry/snd/lake_n

http://www.dsl.ac.uk/entry/snd/cramp_n2

http://www.dsl.ac.uk/entry/snd/cramp_n2

Unit 8: Sport

Activity 5Part 1AnswerHere is our English translation. Yours might be different but should

convey the same meaning.

When the special messenger came to him with letters giving an account of the Irish massacre, he was playing golf at the course in Leith.

Back to - Part 1




Unit 8: Sport

Activity 6AnswerThe correct matches are:

n.[′mɑʃi] 1. An iron golf club introduced c.1880 and used for

approach shots, having a straight sole and face with the face at a

medium angle to the shaft.

Mashie

A golf-club with a small, round, heavy head, and a strong shaft,

designed for getting the ball out of an awkward or constricted

position, corresponding to the No. 5 iron.

Niblick

n.2 An iron golf-club, popular at the beginning of this century,

corresponding to the modern no. 4 iron.

Jigger




Unit 8: Sport





Unit 8: Sport

Activity 10AnswerThis is a model answer. The aspects you have listed might be

different.

I did not know that the first men’s international football match ever played was played in Glasgow between Scotland and England and that as a result of this match the Scottish Football Association was formed. I also found it interesting to read how annual competitions in football might go back to this match, as it became an annual fixture at the end of the 19th century. It was also new to me that there were eight clubs in the first Scottish football league and that one of them is still in the Scottish Premier League: Kilmarnock. I was surprised to read that the FA Cup has such a long history and that in the early days of club football clubs from Scotland and England played in this competition together.

Interestingly, there are a number of things in Simkin’s text that have not changed much to this day:

- good Scottish players often still go south to play in England




Unit 8: Sport

- Celtic and Rangers are still dominating the Scottish league

- the FA Cup still exists

- and clubs like Kilmarnock and Queens Park Rangers still exist





Unit 8: Sport

Activity 11 AnswerThis is a model answer. Your answer might be different.

I found this text really interesting as it showed that the tradition of women in football in Scotland is as old as that of men, however, as in other parts of our culture, the women’s footballing history has remained in the shadows of the men’s. I found it fascinating to read that football has provided women with a platform for fighting for their emancipation in Scotland. I was amazed to read that women playing football was part of an 18th century marriage custom in the Scottish Highlands, that the very first international football match was played by women in Scotland, that women’s football during World War I attracted crowds of over 50,000 spectators, and that the ban of women’s football in Britain lasted until the 1970s!





Unit 8: Sport

Activity 12AnswerThe correct matches are:

Albion Rovers

The Wee Rovers

Arbroath

The Red Lichties

Berwick Rangers

The Wee Gers

Carnoustie Panmure

The Gowfers

Partick Thistle

The Jags

Queen of the South

The Doonhamers

Falkirk of 83 19th December 2019



Unit 8: Sport

The Bairns

Sport is an expression of culture. Football clubs are mostly named

after the area in which they were founded. They are closely related

to that area’s heritage, geography or work practices.

Falkirk’s name is taken from the Burgh motto: ‘Better meddle wi' the de'il than the Bairns o' Fa'kirk’. Arbroath take their name

from the red light that was used to guide fishing boats into the

Burgh’s harbour. The nickname of Queen of the South of Dumfries

comes from the words doon hame, down home. Even when they

were away, Dumfries people knew, in a deep cultural sense, where

they belonged.

Here are some further explanations for the links between the clubs’

names and the nicknames they have been given by their fans.

These come from an article on the Scots Language Centre

website. On the website you can also listen to a recording with the

Scots pronunciation of the nicknames.

Albion Rovers – called The Wee Rovers (the little

Rovers). The word wee is, of course, the Scots word

for little.

Arbroath – called The Reid Lichties (the little red

lights) which is thought to refer to the red light that

was used to guide fishing boats into the harbour of

Arbroath. of 83 19th December 2019




Unit 8: Sport

Berwick Rangers – called The Borderers or The Wee Gers (the little Rangers) to distinguish them from

Glasgow Rangers.

Carnoustie Panmure – called The Gowfers (the

golfers). Carnoustie is, of course, well known for its

golf courses. In Scots we say gowf and not golf which

is an English pronunciation.

Falkirk – called The Bairns (the children). This

nickname is taken from the motto of the burgh of

Falkirk which warns: “Better meddle wi the deil than the Bairns o Fawkirk" (better meddle with the

devil than the children of Falkirk). In Scots the name

of the town is The Fawkirk (the speckled church).

Partick Thistle – called The Jags (the prickles). This

derives from the Scots word jag or jaggie which

means ‘prick/pierce’ or ‘prickly’ which is a good

description of a thistle. The Scots for thistle is

thrissle.

Queen of the South – called The Doonhamers (the

downhomers). This is the local name for natives of

Dumfries and also refers to doon which is one of the

Scots words for a goal place (the other more common

word for a goal in Scots is a dale.) of 83 19th December 2019



Unit 8: Sport

And here are some more interesting nicknames and their

connections to the clubs:

Ayr United – called ‘The Honest Men’ which is taken

from the Robert Burns poem ‘Tam o Shanter’ –

‘Auld Ayr, wham ne’er a town surpasses/ For honest men and bonie lasses’.

Clyde – called The Bully Wee (the good little). This

probably derives from the Victorian word ‘bully’,

meaning good or first rate and because the club was

quite small it was known as the The Bully Wee Clyde (the first rate little Clyde).

Glasgow Rangers – called The Gers or The Licht Blues (the Light Blues) from the original colour of the

jersey. In the last few years the motto of the club Aye Ready (always ready) has, for some reason, simply

become ‘Ready’, dropping the Scots aye altogether.

In Scots the city is called Glesca or Glescae.

Saint Mirren – called The Buddies (the people) which

is derived from the Scots body, meaning ‘person’ and

often pronounced to sound like buddie.

Please note: It might be useful to look up in the DSL the entries for

the Scots words contained in the nicknames you have come




Unit 8: Sport

across in this activity. This will help you see how these words were

derived. To make this easier for you, here the links to the DSL.

Arbroath: The Red Lichties Clyde: The Bully Wee

Falkirk: The Bairns

Forfar Athletic: The Loons

Montrose: The Gable Endies

Peterhead: The Blue Toon

Queen of the South: The Doonhamers

St Mirren: The Buddies





http://www.dsl.ac.uk/entry/snd/sndns454

http://www.dsl.ac.uk/entry/snd/doon_adv1_prep_adj_v

http://www.dsl.ac.uk/entry/snd/sndns438

http://www.dsl.ac.uk/entry/snd/gableendie

http://www.dsl.ac.uk/entry/snd/loun

http://www.dsl.ac.uk/entry/snd/bairn

http://www.dsl.ac.uk/entry/snd/snds1429

http://www.dsl.ac.uk/entry/snd/licht_adj1_n1_v1

Unit 8: Sport

Uncaptioned FigureDescriptionTwo bowls, one pictured sideways to show that these are not round like balls. There is also a small white ball, the jack.

Back to - Uncaptioned Figure




Unit 8: Sport

Uncaptioned voice recordingTranscript…at the call of the skip, ‘Soop her up’, down came the besoms like lightning…

Error! Hyperlink reference not valid.




Unit 8: Sport

Uncaptioned model voice recordingTranscript…at the call of the skip, ‘Soop her up’, down came the besoms like lightning…





Unit 8: Sport

Uncaptioned voice recordingTranscript…at the call of the skip, ‘Soop her up’, down came the besoms like lightning…





Unit 8: Sport

Uncaptioned model voice recordingTranscript…at the call of the skip, ‘Soop her up’, down came the besoms like lightning…





Unit 8: Sport

Uncaptioned voice recordingTranscriptWhen the expresse came to him [King Charles I] with letters giving accompt of the Irish Massacre, he was playing at the gouf in the Links of Leith.





Unit 8: Sport

Uncaptioned model voice recordingTranscriptWhen the expresse came to him [King Charles I] with letters giving accompt of the Irish Massacre, he was playing at the gouf in the Links of Leith.





Unit 8: Sport

Uncaptioned voice recordingTranscriptThe bool rolled across the rink and kissed the kitty.





Unit 8: Sport

Uncaptioned model voice recordingTranscriptThe bool rolled across the rink and kissed the kitty.





Unit 8: Sport

Uncaptioned voice recordingTranscriptThat useless tumshie couldnae kick the ba.





Unit 8: Sport

Uncaptioned model voice recordingTranscriptThat useless tumshie couldnae kick the ba.





unit 8: sport · web viewin the netherlands there were two games called kolf or colf. the dutch...

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