unit 8 slavery gave me nothing to lose what do you think of when you first browse the title of unit...

Unit 8 Slavery Gave Me Nothing to Lose

What do you think of when you first browse the title of unit 8?

Slavery black man history

Civil War Abraham Lincoln

Emancipation Proclamation


The U.S. Civil War took place between the American Union and the eleven seceded Southern states that formed the Confederate States of America. This significant event in American history took occurred between 1861-1865. More than 600,000 Americans were killed during the conflict.

Background information


Make a guess at the time when the passage was written.

It was completed in 20th century.

Since slavery has long been abolished,Why did the author say “slavery gave me nothing to lose”?

What is the main purpose of the passage?

Directions: discuss the topics as follows:

2. How much do you know about your close classmates?

1. How much do you know about Martin Luther King Jr.?

Click here for part of his speech

key

Ways of thinking: 1. What do you know about Martin Luther

King’s life? 2. What is your deepest impression of him?

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Summary: One of the most visible advocates of nonviolence and direct action as methods of social change, Martin Luther King, Jr. was born in Atlanta on 15 January 1929. After attending Morehouse College in Atlanta, King went on to study at Crozer Theological Seminary( 神学院 ) in Pennsylvania and Boston University, where he deepened his understanding of theological scholarship and explored Mahatma Gandhi's nonviolent strategy for social change. King married Coretta Scott in 1953, and received his Ph.D. in systematic theology in 1955.

On 5 December 1955, after civil rights activist Rosa Parks was arrested for not giving a white bus driver her seat, black residents launched a bus boycott and elected King president of the newly-formed Montgomery Improvement Association. The boycott was a success and King gained national prominence for his role in the campaign. In December 1956 the United States Supreme Court declared Alabama’s segregation laws unconstitutional. Seeking to build upon the success in Montgomery, King and other southern black ministers founded the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) in 1957.

In the spring of 1963, King and SCLC led mass demonstrations in Birmingham, Alabama, where local white police officials were known for their violent opposition to integration. Clashes between unarmed black demonstrators and police armed with dogs and fire hoses generated newspaper headlines throughout the world. Subsequent mass demonstrations culminated in the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom on 28 August 1963, in which more than 250,000 protesters gathered in Washington, D. C. It was on the steps of the Lincoln Memorial that King delivered his famous “I Have a Dream” speech.

King’s renown ( 名望 ) continued to grow as he became Time magazine’s Man of the Year in 1963 and the recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize in 1964. In late 1967, King initiated a Poor People’s Campaign designed to confront economic problems that had not been addressed by earlier civil rights reforms. The following year, while supporting striking sanitation workers ( 环卫工人 ) in Memphis, he delivered his final address “I’ve Been to the Mountaintop.” The next day, 4 April 1968, King was assassinated. The deepest impression Dr. King left upon me was his famous “I Have A Dream” speech. Near

the end of August 28, 1963, it was Dr. King who, full of the symbolism of Lincoln and Gandhi, touched the vast audience. “I have a dream”, he cried again and again. And each time the dream was a promise out of the American ancient articles of faith: phrases from the Constitution ( 宪法 ), lines from the great anthem of the nation ( 国歌 ), guarantees from the Bill of Rights ( 人权法案 ), all ending with a vision ( 幻想 ) that his dreams might one day come true. His melodious ( 悦耳的 ) and melancholy ( 伤感的 ) voice long echoed in the minds of the huge crowd who felt that their long journey had been worthwhile.

key

Ways of thinking: 1. What do you know about your roommates? 2. What would you like to write in a letter of

recommendation for one of your close classmates?

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Summary: Deeply rooted in our minds is a vision that our friends are the first to think highly of us ( 对我们评价极高 ) and sing our praises ( 盛赞我们 ) ; but in effect, our friends know us by our defects rather than by our merits. They are perfectly clear how much we are worth. So a true friend is one who knows the worst of us but doesn’t turn his face away. Instead, he focuses more and more of his interest on the central content of our ability rather than on the trivial flaws in our character. He also prefers to assist in adversity rather than in prosperity.

Similarly, if we are asked to write a letter of recommendation for one friend of ours, much of ink should be given to the overall level of his/her attainment as well as the genuine core of his/her morality. If asked to recommend your friend for further study at a famous university, for example, you should devote much space of your letter to what he/she has achieved in his/her field and what you can furnish for proof of his/her achievements. Besides, there is much need to speak objectively of his/her fine character as well as his/her ways of seeing things.

Text Analysis: Main Idea and Structure

When I was young living in the Negro town of Eatonville, I enjoyed watching and contacting the white people. To me, the difference between black and white was that the white rode through town and never lived there. When I moved to a school in Jacksonville, I was taken as a black girl. It didn’t depress me, though. Rather, I regarded as an advantage the history that my forefathers had been slaves. In my view, people of different colors are just the differently colored bags with almost the same contents in them.

What is the text mainly about?

How is the text organized?

The passage is divided into three parts. In the first part, the author makes it clear that Zora, as a little black girl, didn’t feel any difference from the white. The second part serves as a transitional part, relating that Zora was made to realize that she was a black girl. The third part comes to the argument that the knowledge of being a black girl didn’t depress Zora, and she was not always conscious of her color. For detailsFor details



Part 1 (Paras. 1-3)

I didn’t feel the difference between the black and the white when I was a little girl.

Part 3 (Paras. 5-7)My family background of having slave forefathers and my color didn’t give me the feeling of being inferior to the white.

Part 2 (Para. 4)A transitional paragraph. I was made to realize that I was a little black girl .

Main idea?

Devices for developing it?

When I was a little girl, I enjoyed making some contacts with the white, and didn’t see any difference between black and white except that the white rode through town and never lived there.

Specific-general ( 分—总法 )For detailsFor details


Part I (Paras. 1-

2)

Part I (Paras. 1-

2)

Part IIPart II

Part Part

“Specific—general” technique is employed in the whole part from Para. 1 to Para. 3. This makes a good development of text: the author presents her personal experience with the white first, and then comes to a natural conclusion that white people differed from black only in that they rode through town and never lived there. For details

My impressions of the white as a child:1. The white people were just tourists passing

through my little town _____________ ___________.

2. We just ____________ and got just as much pleasure out of them ___________________ _______.

Details about how I responded to the white as a child: I enjoyed _____________________________ and saying a few words of ______________. Sometimes I would follow them down the road a bit.

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on horses or in automobiles

watched them as they got out of the village

watching and waving at the whitegreeting to them

A general statement:

Though I was a black, I did not feel any difference between the black and the white. The only difference I felt about the white was that ______________________________ _________. They liked ___________________ ____________________________, and then they gave me a bit of money.

they rode through town and never lived there to hear me speak and sing and wanted to see me dance

Cause and effect ( 因果法 )

Main idea?


For detailsFor details

It was when I was thirteen that I found out in my heart as well as in the mirror that I was a little black girl.

BackBackIIII. . Text Analysis: Main Idea and StructureText Analysis: Main Idea and Structure

Part II (Para. 3-4)

Part II (Para. 3-4)

Part IPart I

Part Part

This part adopts the writing technique of cause and effect, which works very well to inform readers of how I felt the changes in myself.

For detailsFor detailsFor detailsFor details

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BackBack

Cause: But changes came to the family when I was thirteen, and I was sent to school in Jacksonville. I left Eatonville as Zora. When I got off the riverboat at Jacksonville, she was no more.

Effect: It seemed that I __________________ ______. I was not Zora of Eatonville any more; I ______________________. I found it out in certain ways. _________________________ ______, I became a permanent brown—like the best shoe polish, ___________ not to rub nor run.

had suffered a huge changewas now a little black girl In my heart as well as in the mirror

guaranteed

Description ( 描写法 )

Main idea?


For detailsFor details

Now as an adult, I don’t think that being the granddaughter of slaves has negative effect on me. I don’t always feel colored, and in the main I believe different races are just bags of different colors which are filled with almost the same contents.


Part (Para. 5-9)

Part (Para. 5-9)

Part IPart I

Part IIPart II

General-specific ( 总分法 ) For detailsFor details

Expressions & Patterns

A. Expressions

B. Patterns for you to use as models


1. 又是另一回事 to be something else again

/another thing (L. 6)

卖嘴是一回事，实干又是另一回事。

活学活用

While lip-service is something/one thing, solid

work is quite something else again/another

thing. 下一页上一页


2. 凝视；仔细看 to peer at/into/through (L. 6)

司机在雾中费力地看着前方，想要看清路标。

活学活用

The driver was peering into the distance through the mist, trying to read the road sign.

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3. 从 ······ 中获得乐趣 to get pleasure out of sth. (L. 8)

对于喜爱冒险的人来说，最大的乐趣来自于诸如攀岩、蹦极、特技跳伞等冒险活动。

活学活用

To those who enjoy risks, the greatest pleasure is obtained out of such adventures as rock climbing, bungee jumping and skydiving.

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4. 对某人来说就像前排座位一样 to be a front row seat for sb. (L. 9)

在火星上工作的探测器使科学家们可以清晰地观察这个星球。那里可能或曾经存在支持生命的水。

活学活用

The probe at work on the Mars is a front row seat for scientists who can make clear inspection into the planet where life-sustaining water may exist or have existed.

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5. 顺便；附带地 in passing (L. 11)

尽管他不是靠盗窃为生，但他经常干些顺手牵羊的事。

活学活用

Although he does not make a living by

stealing, he often takes something in

passing. 下一页上一页


6. 正好赶上做某事 (just) in time to do sth. (L. 16)

在许多好莱坞大片的末尾，人们总能及时设法消除致命性的灾难，使人类免遭灭顶之灾。

活学活用

At the end of many Hollywood blockbusters, a solution to a fatal disaster is always worked out just in time to save mankind from termination.

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7. 慷慨地把某物给某人 to give sb. generously of sth. (L. 23)

宽以待人者不仅能赢得他人的友谊，还会得到他人的关爱。

活学活用

Those giving other people of their patience and tolerance can win love and care as well as friendship of others.

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8. 遭遇了巨大的变化 / 损失 / 痛苦 to suffer a huge change/loss/pain (L. 33)

经历过人生大起大落变化的人对生活之道会有更深刻的见解。

活学活用

Those who have suffered huge changes in life have a deeper insight into the art of living.

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9. 在（某人）手边 / 近旁 to be at one’s elbow (L. 35)

挚友不一定与你朝夕相处，但他的关爱总是与你同在。

活学活用

A bosom friend is not always at your elbow,

but his care and love for you are.

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10. 使某人沮丧 / 吃惊 / 兴奋 to register depression/surprise/excitement

with sb. (L. 36)

人要学会控制情绪，做到不以物喜，不以己悲。

活学活用

One should learn to keep his emotion under such control that external gains can’t register thrill with him and personal losses can’t register sorrow with him, either.

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11. 各就各位 ; 骑墙 ; 冒险 ; 在分界线上 on the line (L. 38)

由于利欲熏心 , 有些官员常常拿自己的政治生涯冒险。

活学活用

Driven by their greed for money, some officials often put their political careers on the line.

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12. 飞速起跑 /取得良好 ( 不利 ) 的开端 to be off to a flying start/to get off to a

good (bad) start (L. 39)

良好的开端，是成功的一半。

活学活用

Anything is half done that gets off to a good

start.

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13. 为 ······所付的代价 the price one pays for… (L. 40)

环境恶化是人类在征服大自然过程中为自己的急功近利所付出的代价。

活学活用

Environmental deterioration is the price man has paid for his eagerness for instant success and quick profits in conquering nature.

下一页上一页


14. 占据国内舞台的中心 to hold the center of the national stage

(L. 44)

京剧不再像以前一样占据国内舞台的中心了。

活学活用

Peking Opera no longer holds the center of the national stage as it once did.

下一页上一页

It is in the main true that man’s nature at birth is good. But the differences in education, living environment and personal experiences make the distinction between good people and evil people.


15. 基本上；大体上 in the main/on the whole/in general (L. 50)

大体上来说，人之初，性本善的说法没错。但是，后天教育、生活环境、个人经历的不同使人有了好坏之分。

活学活用

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16. 支撑 ; 支持 ; 维持 to prop up (L. 51)

靠物质利益维系的友谊是不可能长久的。

活学活用

The friendship propped up with material benefits finds no way to last.

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17. 与 ······ 一起 in company with (L. 51)

透过现象看本质，就可以发现腐败总是与缺乏制约的权力共生。

活学活用

By seeing through the appearance to perceive the essence, we can find that corruption always exists in company with power under inadequate control.

下一页上一页


18. 被 ······ 的重量压弯 to be bent under the weight/pressure of... (L. 55)

这棵大树被昨夜的这场暴雪压弯了腰。

活学活用

The big tree is bent under the weight of the heavy snow last night.

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原句 : If one of my family happened to come to the front of the house in time to see me, of course the conversation would be rudely broken off. (L. 15)


1. Typical patterns for describing the coincidence:

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如果正赶上家里人碰巧来到房前见到我，他们当然就会毫不客气地打断我们的交谈。


If sb./sth. happens to… in time to…, sb./

sth. (else) will/would…

如果某人／某事碰巧 ······从而 ······ ，（别）某人／事就会 ······

句型提炼

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应用： a. 如果她碰巧回家看到她的儿子在网上聊天，我们真不知她会作何反应。

If she happens to come home to see her son chatting online, we have no idea about what response she would make to it.


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应用： b. 如果你碰巧逛商店从而看见一小偷在作案，你是当场抓住他 , 还是睁只眼闭只眼？

If you happen to go window-shopping in If you happen to go window-shopping in time to see a thief committing a crime, time to see a thief committing a crime, would you catch him red-handed or turn a would you catch him red-handed or turn a blind eye to it?blind eye to it?

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原句 : During this period, white people differed from black to me only in that they rode through town and never lived there. (L. 19)


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那段日子里，在我看来，白人和黑人的不同只不过是他们路过镇上，但从不住在镇上。

2. Typical patterns for furnishing reasons:


Sb./Sth. does…/is…(only) in that/for the

reason that…

某人做 ······/ 是 ······ ，其 (唯一 ) 原因在于 ······

句型提炼

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应用： a. 在处理棘手问题时，理智者与不理智者唯一的不同在于前者的自制力略占上风，也正是这多出来的一点自制力真正起了作用。

When handling sticky problems, the reasonable differ from the unreasonable only in that the former have one ounce more of control, which is what really counts.

Expressions & PatternsExpressions & Patterns

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Expressions & PatternsExpressions & Patterns

应用： b. 这位女护士之所以深受人民仰慕，就在于她用自己的生命从歹徒的利斧下挽救了 63 名儿童。The female nurse commands deep admiration among the people in that she saved 63 children from under an attacker’s sharp axe at the cost of her own life.

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原句 : At certain times I have no race, I am

me. But in the main, I feel like a brown bag of

mixed items propped up against a wall. (L. 50)


3. Typical patterns for revealing the flow of one’s thinking:

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有时候我不属于任何人种，我就是我自己。但我大体上还是感觉自己像一只靠墙立着装满各种杂物的棕色皮袋子。

unit 8 slavery gave me nothing to lose what do you think of when you first browse the title of unit...

Documents

speech slide

elected king president

king married coretta

background information

southern black ministers

black residents

title of unit

seceded southern states