Unit 7 World Conflict

World War II

03/23/2020 Do Now

• Read the appeasement Skit (try to fund someone to act-it-out with online)

• Look over the appeasement timeline

• Did Germany follow through on its promise? What should the other countries have done to prevent Hitler’s path of destruction?

Essential Question and Objective

• How did unresolved issues from WWI lead to the outbreak of WWII?

• By the end of today’s lesson, you should be able to

• summarize the causes of World War II

This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA

Road to Another Global War

• MANIA – causes of WW1

• Militarism

• Alliances

• Nationalism

• Imperialism

• Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his pregnant

• MINT – causes of WW2

• Militarism

• Imperialism – Axis nations claimed they were the “have-not” countries

• Nationalism

• Totalitarianism

• Axis nations ran countries under dictatorial/ authoritarian governments upset with failed democracies

How do we define Hitler’s Nazi Germany?

• Economic Prosperity

• Stimulated the economy

• Building highways

• Automobile manufacturing

• Military

• Secured full employment – mostly through the military

• Filled with Human Rights Violations

• People arrested and executed without a trial

• Censorship – press and people

• Outlawed unions and any rival political parties

• Prosecution of the Jews

• Rule through terror – gestapo and concentration camps

• Rule through Propaganda

• Glorification of Nazism – newspapers, radios, films

• “Hitler Youth” indoctrinated the children at young ages to believe the Hitler Nazi hype

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Hitler Defies the Treaty of Versailles

• How did Austrian-born Hitler go from being a private in WWI to Chancellor of Germany to invading European conqueror in 20 years?

• How was he able to openly defy the Treaty of Versailles?

• 1935 – rearmed the German military and revamped the Luftwaffe (German Air Force)

• 1936 – invaded Rhineland, the dedicated buffering region between France and Germany

• 1938 – implemented the Anschluss (political union) with Austria

• A German population in Austria that wanted to be united with Germany

• Hitler brought pressure on Austrian gov to removed anti-Nazis from gov & give Chancellorship to Nazi

• Marched in without a single shot – violated Versailles Treaty

• 1938 – invades Czechoslovakia

• No other countries stopped him

• Hitler saw this as a weakness

• Inactions from other countries gave him the green light to demand even more

The CzechoslovakiaCrisis• Think back to Friday’s lesson on the appeasement

• Hitler demanded the Sudetenland that was taken from Germany in the Versailles Treaty

• Great Britain and France go to Munich to work out a deal with Hitler

• Czech President Benes not even invited – remember… Czechoslovakia set up as a new country with the Treaty of Versailles

• Great Britain and France gave Hitler Sudetenland in return for his pinky promise that that was last territorial demand

• Caught up?

• Well, Great Britain’s Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain returned home

• Claimed he achieved “peace for our time” and had “saved Czechoslovakia from destruction and Europe from Armageddon”

• On the other hand, opponent/ war vet Winston Churchill responded, “They had to choose between war and dishonor. They chose dishonor; they will have war

• Which side do you think had the right idea? Why?

More Broken Promises?• Germany makes another

strategic negotiation – The Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact of 1939

• What was the deal Hitler offered Russia

• Germany and Russia agreed not to fight, if the other went to war

• They would divide Poland up

• Why was Stalin desperate for it?

• Why would Hitler plot this type of arrangement with Russia?

Germany attacks its “Ally” • June 1941 – Hitler launches a surprise attack on the Soviet Union

• The Russians retreated 500 miles

• During the retreat, the Russians used “Scorched Earth” policy – the burned the land so the Germans could not use

• Germany cut off Leningrad – no supplies could get in or out

• Confident – Hitler drove to Moscow under severe winter conditions

• Like Napoleon, Hitler and his men not prepared for harsh Russian winters –500 Germans die

Actions of Aggression by other Axis Powers

• Germany wasn’t the only Axis Power flexing its muscle

• Japan overruns Manchuria 1931

• Italy invades Ethiopia 1935

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03/24/2020 Do Now

• Visit the National WWII Museum Sci-Tech website

• List 3 interesting things and why you think they are important

Essential Question and Objective

• How did unresolved issues from WWI lead to the outbreak of WWII?

• By the end of today’s lesson, you should be able to

• explain the effects of major new military technologies of WWII

Who’s on Whose Team?

•Great Britain

•France (under German occupation 1940 – 1944)

•Australia

•Canada

•Belgium

•Denmark

•The Netherlands

•Greece – important for later

•Poland

•South Africa

•Brazil

•China

•New Zealand

•Yugoslavia – important for later

•Soviet Union (formally Russia) – after June 1941

•United States – isolated until 12/08/1941

Team Allies

•Germany

•Italy – remember their shut out at Treaty of Versailles peace talks?

•Japan – yes, switched up sides

•Hungary

•Romania

•Albania

Team AxisThis Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA

Technologies from the War

Radar technology

Bombsights

DDT pesticides

Penicillin – saving lives from infections

1st generation computers

Atomic weapons

Rockets

Technologies – The Atomic Bomb

• Atomic Bomb – a top-secret US development dubbed “The Manhattan Project”

• American leaders warn the Japanese to surrender, but the Japanese did not respond

• https://youtu.be/NF4LQaWJRDg

• Atomic bomb – use it or not?

• Hiroshima – 70,000 – 80,000 immediately die

• Nagasaki – 70,000 immediately die

• Radiation fallout leaving long-term disabilities

• Effects

• Japanese surrendered

• The war ends in the Pacific

• Post-war conferences begin

Atomic Bomb Primary Sources• Lunch box found near ground zero• Tricycle of child less than 1 mile away• Clock that stopped at the time of the bomb• Lady was burned by the pattern on her kimono

• The dark material absorbed the heat and the light reflected it

• A person and a ladder blocked the light/heat from the side of the house – so its shadow was burned into it

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03/25/2020 Do Now

• You are in an amazing place in history. As a social scientist, you have to an opportunity to share your current experience with future generations.

• Think about the state of our nations right now.

• Write a 3-paragraph journal entry discussing what is going on around you.

• How do you feel about the COVID-19 outbreak?

• How do you feel about social distancing?

• What is the most important thing you need right now?

• Be sure to write at least 3 paragraphs.

• If it is PERSONAL and you don’t want me to read it, WRITE A BIG BOLD “MRS. MOTSINGER: DO NOT READ THIS” at the top of your journal entry in red.

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Essential Question and Objective

• How did unresolved issues from WWI lead to the outbreak of WWII?

• By the end of today’s lesson, you should be able to

• paraphrase the major battles and events that enabled the Allies to defeat the Axis powers during WWII

New Theaters of War

• Three Main Theaters of War

• European Front – Europe

• Pacific Front – in the Pacific Ocean and parts of Asia

• Mediterranean

• https://youtu.be/wvDFsxjaPaE

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Germany Invades Poland – The First Battle

• Sept 1, 1939 – Germany began a surprise attack on Poland

• Hitler’s Plan for blitzkrieg –“Lightning war”

• Fast planes, tanks, and infantry to overwhelm

• Poland fell before France and Great Britain could help

• German troops parade through the streets of Poland

• They destroyed the marketplace in Warsaw (capitol)

• Last piece – the raising of the Nazi flag

This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA

This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA-NC

Invasion and Fall of France

• June 1940 – the Germans capture Paris

• Paris is the center of successes and failures for Germany – represents a lot

• The French government eventually surrendered

• General Charles de Gaulle would battle until the 1944 French liberation – later forced into exile

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Battle at Dunkirk

• 5/26 – 6/04/1940 in Dunkirk, France

• Evacuation point for Allied Forces losing the Battle of France – on their way from Dunkirk to England

• https://youtu.be/ZOrx1WqgmUU

• Significance:

• Germany wins

• Allies lose their last foothold in France

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Battle of Britain

• July 1940 – June 1941 – Operation Sea Lion

• By the time Germany hit Great Britain, Britain’s allies were occupied in their own skirmishes

• Hitler’s Goal in Britain

• All out invasion

• Wanted to force Britain into a peace settlement – not occupy them

• Operation Sea Lion

• Use the Luftwaffe (German Air Force) to overwhelm the British Royal Air Force – blitzkrieg

• Use amphibious landing to invade Britain – but too big of a risk since the Royal Navy controlled the English Channel and the North Sea

• 11 months of bombing raids (mostly at night) – affecting military and civilians

• Britain hurt but did not fall

• 1941 – Germany shifts its focus to the rest of Eastern Europe

• 60% of London destroyed in the Blitz

Battles of El Alamein

• Germans wanted to control the Suez Canal

• Germany sent multiple forces into Egypt

• The British owned claim to the Suez Canal as protectorate

• July 1942 – The 1st Battle of El Alamein

• Nov – Dec 1942 – The 2nd Battle of Alamein

• Importance of these battles

• Germans retreated – rare

• Germans did not capture Egypt

• BIG emotional win for the Allied Forces

Stalingrad –Operation Barbarossa

• Remember the Germans defaulted on their “we promise not to attack you” pact with Russia?

• Why did Hitler/The Germans attack Stalingrad?

• Stalin promoted industrialization

• Stalingrad was a large industrial city

• Germany would have won if they hadn’t made the mistake of underestimating the Russian winters

• Significance

• Germany now on the defensive on the Russian border

• Stalingrad was destroyed

• Soviets lost 1 million soldiers

• Germans lost 240,000 soldiers

This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA

Attack on Pearl Harbor• The US vowed to stay out of the war until the Japanese led a sneak

attack on Pearl Harbor, Hawaii 12/07/1941

• President Franklin Delano Roosevelt – “A day that will live in infamy”

• Wy did Japan attack us in Hawaii

• Japan had been working on building a Pacific Empire, but the US kept getting in the way

• Significance of the battle

• Brought the US into the war

• 2,300 Americans killed

• http://www.history.com/topics/world-war-ii/videos#attack-pearl-harbor

Tehran Conference to Plan D-Day

• 11/28 – 12/01/1943 – The Big Three meet in Tehran, Iran

• Prime Minister Winston Churchill – Great Britain

• President Franklin D Roosevelt – United States

• Premier Joseph Stalin – The Soviet Union

• Agenda

• Discuss planned D-Day to end the war in Europe

• The USSR would open up a second front in Europe

• The USSR said they would enter the Pacific Theater war against Japan once the Germans were defeated

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D-Day Arrives –Operation Overlord

• The Allied Forces want to end the war quickly – too many loses on the battlefield and home front

• As planned in Tehran – the British, Americans, French, and Canadian troops attacked Germans to liberate France

• The Supreme Commander of the Allied Expeditionary Forces – General Dwight D. Eisenhower

• Each country responsible for its own portion of the Normandy Beaches

• Britain – Gold and Sword Beaches

• America – Omaha and Utah Beaches

• France –

• Canada – Juno Beach

• All sides face heavy losses

• Significance

• France, Belgium, and Luxemburg all liberated!

This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA

The Battle of the Bulge – Germany’s Last Stand

• After Normandy invasion – Allies successfully coming for Germany from the East and West

• East meets West on the Elbe River

• Germany tried to break up the Western front by dividing the Americans and British

• The Germans fail to win the campaign

• Leads to the end of the war in Europe!

V-E Day – Victory in Europe!

• Berlin was surrounded

• Hitler and new wife committed suicide

• May 9, 1945 – surrender officially signed

• V-E Day

• “Victory in Europe”

Potsdam Conference

• The Big Three meet in Potsdam, Germany to negotiate the terms of the German surrender

• All demanded the unconditional surrender of Japan

• Stalin said “no” to eastern European elections

• Truman casually mentions the US’s new powerful weapon (atomic bomb)

This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA

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03/26/2020 Do Now

• Re-define the following in your own words

• Appeasement

• Armistice

• Atomic bomb

• Blitzkrieg

• Gestapo

Essential Question and Objective

• How did unresolved issues from WWI lead to the outbreak of WWII?

• By the end of today’s lesson, you should be able to

• explain the major events in the Pacific Theater and its effects

Events Leading to War in the Pacific

• Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere

• Felt other Asians, especially the Chinese, inferior

• Japanese claimed racial purity and superiority

• Treated Chinese and Koreans with extreme brutality

• The Asian New Order – increasing Japanese control of China, Manchuria, and Soviet Siberia for resources to make Asian countries more prosperous

• The “Rape of Nanjing” (capital of China)

• Japanese slaughtered more than 100,000 civilians

• Raped thousands of women

• Human trafficking – hundreds of young girls taken as “comfort women”

• Japan’s new empire – within 6 months of Pearl Harbor

• American military leaders focused on halting the Japanese advances and mobilizing the whole nation for war

Island Hopping

• WWII had the Allied Forces fighting on two fronts

• Germany in Europe

• Japan in the Pacific

• The US used “island hopping” to take control of the islands

• After the Battle of Midway, the Allies began driving back the Japanese

• The Allies would attack island after island on their way to Japan

• Island hopping weakened Japanese control

• Okinawa and Iwo Jima

• The Allied invaded both islands on the way to Japan

• Japanese pilots started using kamikaze attacks (flew plans loaded with explosives into Allied ships)

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The Guadalcanal Campaign

• Aug 1942 – Feb 1943 – Operation Watchtower

• Japanese forces – busy building their Pacific empire

• A Japanese air base would be a midway point between Hawaii and Australia – establishing a new communication line

• Allied Forced decided to launch and offensive

• Significance• Turning point for the war in the Pacific after an

Allied victory

• Japanese abandoned the campaign after losing 24,000 men – crushed their budding egos

The Philippines and Bataan

• Japan versus combined American/Filipino forces (remember, the Philippines was still as US territory/protectorate)

• War in the Pacific leaves a big chunk of islands with many pursuing control

• Significance:

• The Japanese gained control of a large part of the Pacific

• April 10, 1942 – US and Philippine soldiers involved in the Bataan Death March

• Japanese forced 75,000 US and Filipinos to march 85 miles towards Bataan

• Many died, starved, severely beaten, or killed

• Watch these three scenes from the movie Unbroken

• https://youtu.be/5OWXMGu4hFE

• https://youtu.be/XrBTDbxOZE8

• https://youtu.be/I6f8bYDvpKY

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03/27/2020 Do Now

• Written Reflection of a primary source document

• “The effective propagandist must be a master of the art of speech, of writing, or journalism, of the poster and of the leaflet. He must have the gift to use the major method of influencing public opinion such as the press, film, and radio to serve his ideas and goals, above all in an age of advancing technology… It may be good to have power based on weapons. It is better and longer-lasting, however, to win and hold the heart of a nation.” - Joseph Goebbels, German Minister of Propaganda, 1934

• In the space on your agenda, summarize the document

• What is the message of the document?

• How is the document reflective of Nazi Beliefs?

This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA

Essential Question and Objective

• How does the media persuade the public?

• By the end of today’s lesson, you should be able to

• analyze four WWII-era Dr. Seuss cartoons, gaining a greater understanding of the use of symbolism, caricature, stereotyping, analogy, juxtaposition, irony, and humor, as well as a deeper appreciation and perspective of issues confronting the Nazis

This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND

Dr. Seuss and Propaganda

• What symbols are there? Any exaggerations?

• What thought bubbles would you add & for whom?

• What is the time period?

• Other information in the picture

• What else do you see? Any captions?

• What is the purpose? Point of view?

Dr. Seuss and Propaganda

• What symbols are there? Any exaggerations?

• What thought bubbles would you add & for whom?

• What is the time period?

• Other information in the picture

• What else do you see? Any captions?

• What is the purpose? Point of view?

Dr. Seuss and Propaganda

• What symbols are there? Any exaggerations?

• What thought bubbles would you add & for whom?

• What is the time period?

• Other information in the picture

• What else do you see? Any captions?

• What is the purpose? Point of view?

This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND

This ends this week’s lessons

This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-ND

03/30/2020 Do Now

• Watch the YouTube video Zero https://youtu.be/LOMbySJTKpg

• What are your reactions?

• Who do you think is involved?

• What situation(s) do you think the video relates to?

• Record your answers on your 03/30 – 04/03/20 Do Now Sheet

Essential Question and Objective

• Why were people placed in concentration and internment camps during WWII?

• By the end of today’s lesson, you should be able to• explore the 4 phases of the Holocaust before

exploring personal stories

Why Study the Holocaust

• The Nazi era brought an enormous amount of atrocities and crimes against humanity

• Today, we will explore some sensitive issues and topics

• In this lesson, you will explore the 4 phases of the Holocaust before exploring personal stories

• You will also examine firsthand accounts of individuals who worked to preserve their human dignity in the face of dehumanization, and they will use those stories to help them think about the meaning and purpose of resistance during the Holocaust

• While this time represents a HARSH time in our history, this lesson reminds all of us of the importance of living in a democracy whose institutions safeguard civil and human rights and whose citizens are capable of making informed judgments, not only on behalf of themselves but on behalf of a larger community

• Learning about the Holocaust requires us to examine events in history and examples of human behavior that both unsettle us and elude our attempts to explain them

• Source: https://www.facinghistory.org/resource-library/teaching-holocaust-and-human-behavior/holocaust-bearing-witness

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Key Vocabulary

• Genocide: the deliberate killing of a large group of people, especially those of a particular ethnic group or nation

• Ghetto: a specific area of a city or town in which Jews were forced to live (and often not permitted to leave)

• Concentration camp: a camp created to confine large numbers of prisoners in harsh and unhealthy conditions

• Killing center: a camp designed for the purpose of murdering large numbers of victims, primarily in gas chambers, as quickly and efficiently as possible

• Kristallnacht: (also called Crystal Night, Night of Broken Glass, or November Pogroms) the night of November 9–10, 1938, when German Nazis attacked Jewish persons and property

Roots of the Holocaust

• Hitler gains support in the Nazi Party by attacking the hated Treaty of Versailles

• He blames Germany’s problems on Jews and foreign powers

• During his rise to power, he transforms the new Weimar Republic into the Third Reich

• Hitler wanted to create a “master race” where Aryan people would be considered the pure race, and superior to all

• Anti-Semitism, or prejudice against Jews, had been around for centuries

The Holocaust Begins Under Nazi Leadership

• Dr. Joseph Goebbels – Head of the Nazi Propaganda Ministry

• Controlled all communications

• Encouraged book burning to eliminate other ideas

• Henrich Himmler – Head of the SS (Nazi’s secret police)

• Formed death squads known as the Einsatzgruppen

• One of the architects of the Holocaust and death camps

• Adolf Eichmann

• Helped organize the Holocaust

• In charge of transporting Jews from ghettos to concentration camps

The Holocaust Begins• The Nuremburg Laws

• Passed in 1935

• Said anyone with ANY Jewish blood would be considered a Jew

• Registry created – all people with Jewish ancestry had to register with the government

• All people with Jewish ancestry had to wear the Star of David badge everywhere

• Placed further restrictions and persecutions

• Forced to live in isolated ghettos

• Kristallnacht “Night of Broken Glass”

• November 1938

• Jewish stores, houses, and synagogues were systematically destroyed

• Marks the beginning of widespread government-led violence against Jews

Anti-Jewish Measures

• Segregation of the Jews

• Dispossession of their property

• Concentration camps

• Evacuation

• The “Final Solution”

Hitler’s Final Solution Plan

• Plan developed in 1942 to eliminate all Jews from Europe

• Jewish people from across Europe were taken to concentration camps

• In the camps, they were used for hard labor, tortured and/or killed

• The camps

• Many classified as extermination camps –set up to kill a mass number of Jewish people

• Dr. Josef Mengele carried out experiments on Jewish people at Auschwitz

WARNING! WARNING!

THE NEXT TWO SLIDES ARE GRAPHIC!

Children During the Holocaust

• Adult Jews were not the only victims of these atrocities. Included all captured:

• Jews

• Blacks

• Jehovah’s Witnesses

• Romas – Romanian gypsies

• Homosexuals

• Political opponents

• Watch this YouTube trailer for the movie Run Boy Run https://youtu.be/njjdP3gZ_pk to get a different point of view for children during the Holocaust

This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA

Resistance and Rescue

• Underground resistance movements were formed to assist Jews in escaping

• The residents of Le Chambon-sur-Lignon, a village in the south of France helped thousands of Jews escape to freedom

• Warsaw Ghetto Uprising – April 19, 1943

• 750 Jews were able to hold off German soldiers to avoid being taken to the concentration camps

• Eventually, they lost the battle – 7,000 killed and 56,000 deported

• The “White Rose” resistance group distributed anti-Nazi pamphlets

• Let by students Sophie and Hans Scholl

• Caught by German authorities and killed in 1942

• The Liberation

• Allied forces reached the camps starting the summer of 1944

• Soviet forces liberated Auschwitz (the WORST) and camps in Poland and East Germany

• American forces liberated Buchenwald and camps in the west

• Liberator and survivor moments https://youtu.be/kOIHRQlQqwU

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Nazi SS soldiers burning the Warsaw Ghetto after the uprising in 1943.

Nazi SS soldiers leading the deportation of all Jews from Warsaw after the uprising.

Statistical Results of the Holocaust

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03/31/2020 Do Now

• Pack Your Suitcase

• An Executive Order has just passed. Everyone like you must report to the Detainee In-processing Station at once. You have 10 minutes to pack your suitcase.

• You have been restricted in certain items you can bring along. Due to the safety of “real” citizens, you are not permitted to bring any knives, can openers, pencils, pens, religious paraphernalia, or electronics.

• The National Guard has ordered you to report immediately with your one suitcase. What items (at least 10) have you packed?

Essential Question and Objective

• What were the major effects of World War II on the world?

• By the end of today’s lesson, you should be able to

• give at least 4 examples to explain how global homelife was affected by WWII

Japan and the United Stated

• Think back to last Thursday’s lesson on the Pacific Theater

• What can you expect to learn in today’s lesson?

• Take a preview

• TedEd’s “Ugly History: Japanese-American Internment Camps https://youtu.be/hI4NoVWq87M

• History Channel https://youtu.be/OU-k0uG8pAw

• Propaganda and paranoia

• Bombing of Pearl Harbor

• 1941 – 125,000 people of Japanese descent live on the US West Coast

• Fear of sabotage, spying or 5th column activities

• Classifications of Japanese in America

• Issei

• Born in Japan

• Many become naturalized citizens

• Nisei

• Full citizens born in US

How Did Forced Relocations and Internment Work?

• America prides itself on being the land of equal opportunity and freedoms

• Executive Orders 8802 and 9066

Removal: Constitution and Executive Order

Officials in the War Department who advocated the forced removal of Japanese Americans found President Franklin Roosevelt receptive to their cause. On February 19, 1942, Roosevelt signed Executive Order 9066, which set the removal program in motion. The limited official opposition to removal centered in the U.S. Justice Department with officials such as Edward J. Ennis and the FBI's J. Edgar Hoover, who believed it was unconstitutional. Abrogation of the basic constitutional rights of nearly 120,000 Japanese Americans and resident aliens came quickly.

Source: A More Perfect Union https://amhistory.si.edu/perfectunion/non-flash/removal_constitution.html

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What Did Executive Order 9066 Say?

• February 19, 1942

• Expand broad powers to military

• Forcibly removed to “relocation centers”

• 120,000+ Japanese Americans

• 3,200 Italian Americans

• 11,000 German Americans

• Did these orders only exist in the US?

• No – Canada had mirroring policies

Constitutional Challenges of Executive Order 9066

• Constitutional questions surrounding the protection of citizens rights

• 5th Amendment – fair treatment under the law

• 8th Amendment – no imprisonment without a trial

• 1st few years of the war

• FBI arrested and jailed thousands of Italians, Germans and Japanese suspected of being a threat of having connections to pro-fascist organizations

• People’s belongings were confiscated

• Curfews were established

• Supreme Court Case Korematsu vs US

• Fred Korematsu refused to leave his home

• 1944 – went before the Supreme Court

• 6-3 decision against Korematsu

• Supreme Court ruling – the need to protect against espionage outweighed the rights of Japanese Americans

• 1983 – conviction overturned

• 1998 – Korematsu awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom (the highest civilian honor)

• 2011 – US Department of Justice issues a formal apology

Life in Camps

• Dismal surroundings-looked to improve

• Employment- self-sufficient

• Food

• mix of traditional Japanese and American food

• Subject to same rations as everyone else

• Medical Care

• Hospitals staffed largely by Japanese Americans

• Education

• Provided by white and Japanese teachers (called – buddaheads)

• Baseball (America’s pastime)

• To ensure loyalty to the US, all encamped people 17+ were forcedto sign statements of loyalty

• Despite treatment – more than 16,000 young men in the camps VOLUNTEERED for active duty military service

Life in Camps

Nations Issue Formal Apologies

• United States

• Jan 1945 – Most of the interned prisoners released

• Impact – since their property was taken, most in financial ruin

• 1948 – The US appropriates (sets aside for use) $37 million as reparations

• 1988 – an additional $20,000 in reparations

• US President Reagan officially apologizes

• Canada

• Dec 1941 – 1949 – Japanese-Canadians interned

• Impact

• Stripped of home and property

• Possessions sold to pay for the internment camps

• When released – financially ruined

• 1947 – released restrictions for forced exclusion areas

• April 1949 – granted permission to freely move from the camps

• Sep 1988 – formal apology from the Prime Minister and $20,000 reparations payment to all living survivors

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04/01/2020 Do Now

• There is only room in your Anderson shelter for a small cardboard box of your things

• You never know how long the raids will last

• Pick the most important items to put in your small cardboard box (about the size of your desk without the legs)

• Things to think about

• time of year (clothing and heat/air)

• type of foods to you pack (remember, the country is rationing)

• type of games or activities to occupy your time or mind

Essential Question and Objective

• Why were people placed in concentration and internment camps during WWII?

• By the end of today’s lesson, you should be able to

• give at least 4 examples to explain how global homelife was affected by WWII

This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND

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Culture and the Times

• How can music tell a story of the time?

• We will look at life back home during the war

• How does music explain the feelings around WWII?

• Listen to the LYRICS of these two songs to analyze the message and impact of music on civilians

• “GI Jive” https://youtu.be/GhBOlkHm-tM

• “Boogie Woogie Boys” https://youtu.be/8of3uhG1tCI

This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA-NC

How was the global home front affected by the war?

Rationing of goods at home

Planting victory gardens

Buying war bonds

Turning in scrap metal to make military parts (even car bumpers)

Using celebrities to inspire citizens

War posters and movies

Citizen Responsibility

http://www.ameshistoricalsociety.org/exhibits/events/ww2ration.jpg

What Citizens See

Increased nationalism against the “Enemies”

War’s Effect on the Homefront

• Industries began producing war products –companies still wanted to make money

• Typewriter factories made guns

• Car factories made bombers

• Financing the war

• Governments raised taxes were raised

• Citizens paid more income taxes

• Governments borrowed money from banks and private investors (Warhawks)

• Sold war bonds to adults

• Sold war stamps to children

• Huge debts incurred

Shortages and Rationing

• Have you been into the stores since the COVID-19 pandemic?

• The shelves are empty and stores currently cannot keep up with the demand

• Well, during WWII they faced the same shortages

• Formed “V for Victory” campaigns to rally people towards war efforts

• The military needed certain supplies to work efficiently

• People on the home front couldn’t use much of what the military needed

• Metals, rubber, nylons (hosiery) other cloths, sugars – rationed to supply the soldiers

• Ration books issued to citizens

• Food purchase stamps used to buy essentials

• When it was gone – it was gone!

• Victory gardens – people grew their own food

• Recycled products hard to get – like scrap metal

Psychological Impact of the War on the Homefront• Both sides – targeted civilian areas by bombing raids

• led to huge non-combatant casualties

• Occupied areas

• Nazi racial ideology shaped the experience of occupation

• Extreme brutality in Eastern Europe

• Use of forced, foreign labor in Germany

• German citizens – eased their minds

• Others – increased fear

This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA

This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA

This is the end of today’s

lessonYou may continue further. Don’t

forget to work on your choice board due this Friday

04/02/2020 Do Now

• You are in an amazing place in history. As a social scientist, you have to an opportunity to share your current experience with future generations.

• Think about the state of our nations right now.

• Write a 3-paragraph journal entry discussing what is going on around you.

• How do you feel about the COVID-19 outbreak?

• How do you feel about social distancing?

• What is the most important thing you need right now?

• Be sure to write at least 3 paragraphs.

• If it is PERSONAL and you don’t want me to read it, WRITE A BIG BOLD “MRS. MOTSINGER: DO NOT READ THIS” at the top of your journal entry in red.

This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND

Essential Question and Objective

• What were the major effects of World War II on the world?

• By the end of today’s lesson, you should be able to

• recall the major changes affecting minorities during WWII

Minorities and the War

• New opportunities for women and other minorities

• Women

• Took the place of men in the workforce

• 25% of the labor force

• Many became sole wage earners for the 1st time

• US “Rosie the Riveter” – fictional symbol represented working women

• Hundreds of thousands served in the armed forces for many countries

• Minorities

• Workplace – able to take advantage of the new opportunities there was a backlash of racism towards African and Hispanic Americans.

• Served in mostly segregated units – especially US units

• Seen as disposable, but served major interests for many countries

• Backlash of racism on the battlefield and home front

• For US – minority groups (African-Americans, Native Americans, Hispanic-Americans) faced discrimination in the military and at home

This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA

Women on the Battlefield• Women served a larger role in military forces during WWII

• Watch the TedEd Video “From Pacifist to Spy” https://youtu.be/Y7zyB7rsvHU

• Australia

• 1941 – the Women’s Australian Auxiliary Air Force (WAAAF) created

• By 1944 – 18,000 women in over 200 duty stations worldwide

• 1947 – disbanded, even though widely successful

• Canada

• Germany

• Great Britain

• WWI – creation of The Women’s Land Army

• Disbanded as soon as WWI ended

• Called back into action for WWII

• Even Britain’s Queen Elizabeth (then a princess) served in the mechanics pool

• United States

• 1942 – Congress passed a law establishing the WAAC (Women’s Auxiliary Army Corps)

• Handled some military duties traditionally filled by men – men could focus on the front line

• 250,000 women served in WAAC, WAVES (Navy), SPARS (Coast Guard), WASPS (Air Force) and other auxiliary branches

• International Museum of World War II’s Women in WWII https://youtu.be/_QSrNZ3PuLs

Women on the Homefront

Women served a larger role back home during WWII

Australia

•Encouraged to ration and free the men up for “bigger battles”

•Many took part in canning clubs, preserving food

•Women’s groups, like the Women’s Institute, helped neighbors with day to day challenges

•To entice female workers, companies offered free childcare

•Once the war was over, the same companies pushed women back out of the labor market and back into homes

Canada

•Rationing

•Did not have to go into the workforce – country used foreign POWs

•Out of loyalty, would not speak on their conditions – like starvation

•Nursing services

•Seen as more valuable if they had more children to continue the Third Reich

Germany

•Factory workers

•Letter writing campaigns to soldiers

•Women with small children were evacuated to a safer place

Great Britain

United States

American Minorities in the War

“Why die for democracy when we don’t even have it over here?” – quote in an editorial of an African-American newspaper

This was a feeling shared by African-American, Native American, Mexican-American, and Asian American minority groups

• Faced segregation and inequality here in the United States

• Minorities knew that life under Axis (Germany, Italy, Japan) would be worse than what they faced in the United States.

• Led “Double V” campaigns for victory in war AND at home

“We are also children of the United States. We will defend her.” – quote from the Spanish Speaking Congress

This is the end of today’s

lessonYou may continue further. Don’t

forget to work on your choice board due this Friday

04/03/2020

• How are thoughts positive and negative?

• What are you thinking about RIGHT NOW?

• Watch the following video https://youtu.be/0QXmmP4psbA

• Set a timer to take deep cleansing breaths for one minute

• Did the video help you recognize how your thoughts affect you?

Essential Question and Objective

• What were the major effects of World War II on the world?

• By the end of today’s lesson, you should be able to

• identify how multiple organizations are often needed to address issues with global consequences

Nearing the End

• US entry – Allied Forces in Europe reinvigorated

• Battle of the Bulge ended in Allied victory

• April 1945 – Mussolini executed by freedom fighters in Europe

• April 1945 – Hitler commits suicide with his wife

• May 8, 1945 – V-E Day (Victory in Europe Day)

Beginning of the Atomic Age• Manhattan Project – spearheaded development

of US atomic bomb program

• Secret government plan to develop, test, and implement atomic weapons

• Hiroshima and Nagasaki

• US feared invading Japan would lead to too many Allied Forces deaths

• President Truman ordered the bomb to be dropped on Japan – AFTER the start of peace talks between Japan and Allies

• August 6, 1945 (Hiroshima) and August 9, 1945 (Nagasaki)

• 100,000 died instantly

• 98% buildings destroyed

• 100,000s – killed by radiation poisoning, birth defects, or cancer later

• September 2, 1945 – Japan surrenders

• Formal surrender aboard USS Missouri in Tokyo Bay

• Several months after Germany’s surrender

End of the War for Japan

• Surrender – US occupy Japan

• Government

• General Douglas MacArthur – led military campaign in the Pacific

• Tasked with rebuilding Japan

• Reforms

• Lost overseas empire

• Stripped of army and navy

• Given democratic constitution – facilitated by the US

• Emperor Hirohito allowed to remain on the throne – powers drastically cut

This Week’s Current Events Challenge

• This week, find ONE article that is

• Positive

• Not related to COVID-19/ Corona virus

• If you can complete this weekend’s current event with an upbeat story, instead of a potential 100… YOU CAN EARN A 110!!!!!

This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA-NC

This ends this week’s lessons

This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-ND

04/06/2020 Do Now

Starting today, we will not have a Do

Now for awhile

You still need to make sure you are

doing reflective practices

Essential Question and Objective

• What were the major effects of World War II on the world?

• By the end of today’s lesson, you should be able to

Aftermath of the War• Axis Powers

• Germany, Italy, and Japan turned into democratic nations

• Hastened end of imperialism in Asia/Africa

Effects of World War II – Europe

• The war is finally over – How do we put the world back together again?

• Watch “WWII in 4 Minutes: An Accurate Day-by-Day Animation” https://youtu.be/APunZ3zeqcY

• Effect – cities, factories, farmlands destroyed

• Result – economies in ruin due to food shortages, famine, disease, and unemployment

• Effect – heavy debt and continued dependency on the United States

• Results – India gains independence in 1947

• Nuremburg Trials

• End of War – many top Nazi generals committed suicide, including Hitler

• November 1945 – military trials begin

• 22 major Nazi criminals were tried for their crimes at Nuremburg (where the Holocaust started)

• Most claimed to be “just following orders”

• Charges

• Crime against peace

• Waging wars of aggression

• Crimes against humanity

• 12 were sentenced to death

• Some escaped to South America where they hid for years

• Effect – British controlled Palestine given to the Jews to establish a safe haven and homeland

• Result - decades long brutal conflict since for both Jews and Palestinians consider this area the “Holy Land”

Effects of World War II -Europe

• Political divisions in Germany – Yalta Conference agreements put into effect

• Germany split into 4 occupied territories

• Free elections in Eastern Europe

• Formation of the United Nations – more power / support than the League of Nations

• Encouraged friendship and cooperation

• Mission – maintain world peace

• 5 permanent seat members – US, Russia, Great Britain, China, and France

• Security Council

• Responsible for ensuring peace / deterring aggression

• Can apply economic sanctions

• Uses military power to solve disputes

• General Assembly

• Includes all member nations

• Makes recommendations to the Security Council

• Potsdam Conference

• July 1945

• Involved

• United States – President Harry Truman (not a peacemaker like Wilson and Roosevelt)

• Great Britain – Prime Minister Clement Attlee

• United Soviet Socialist Republic (USSR – formally Russia) – Premier Joseph Stalin

• Agenda – what to do with Japan

• Problems

• Arguments over new boundaries

• Arguments over reparations

• Communism spreading across Eastern Europe – puts other Allies against Russia (China not fully communist yet)

• US kept atomic bomb a secret – argued the intel should have been shared

This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA

This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY

New Divisions in Germany 1945 – 1990

Effects of World War II - Europe

• Increased distrust between US and Soviet Union

• 1945-1990 – Hostility between democratic countries and communist countries

• Differences became cause for tension

• Ideologies

• Broken promises

• How to treat Germany

• Democratic Alliances led by the US and NATO

• Communist counties led by the Soviet Union and the Warsaw Pact

• The Cold War Begins

• Creation of the United Nations – discuss and solve world problems

Effects of WWII – The United Nations (UN)

• October 24, 1945 – The UN created after conference in San Francisco

• Replaced the failed League of Nations

• Countries felt the need for a peacekeeping organization

• US President Franklin D Roosevelt – pushed for UN creation

• Used by Roosevelt to describe the Allies alliance in fighting he Axis powers during WWII

• 4 Main Goals

• Maintain international peace and security

• Protect human rights

• Deliver humanitarian aid

• Promote sustainable development

• Universal Declaration of Human Rights – brought on after war crimes and Holocaust

• “Today we are participating in a great international movement for the better protection of individual rights. New methods of protecting and advancing human rights are being proposed and discussed. Across the world, men of good will are seeking new ways of making human rights triumphant over tyranny.”

• Address at the Laying of the Cornerstone of the New U.S. Courts Building for the District of Columbia.

• June 27, 1950

• #174 Truman Library Collection

• The Four Policeman – France, Great Britain, the US, the Soviet Union

Effects of World War II – Japan

• What happens to Japan?

• Tokyo Trials

• For Japanese war criminals

• 7 of 28 leaders found guilty and sentenced to death

• General Hideki Tojo – executed

• Many Asian colonies seek independence (India, Vietnam, etc.)

• US helps Japan rebuilt their cities, factories, and governments, after the atomic bomb

• General Douglas MacArthur put in charge of the new Japanese government – sphere of influence

Social Effects

• Refugees – homeless or displaced persons from war torn areas

• Holocaust – heightened awareness of horrors and atrocities of war

• Art, literature, and media – more political in nature

Make Sure You Review, Review, Review

You will have access to the Unit 7: World Conflict Post-Assessment on Wednesday, 4/8/2020

Have an amazing Spring Break!No Current Events due on 04/20/2020!!!!!