Unit 7

A. Talking about education:

INTRODUCTION

a. How do you feel about learning now? Answer the following questions for Yourself and then ask at least two other people what their answers are.Talk about the differences in your answers.

1. Is English the only subject you are learning now?

yes

no What other subject(s) are you learning? ______________________ _______________________________________________________________

2. Is this your first experience in learning a foreign language?

yes no Where and what did you learn before? _______________________ ________________________________________________________________

3. Why are you learning English? (you because I want to can choose more than one here, if because I have to you want.) for my work

to take an examination for my studies

for my holidays because I like it

because there’s an English -speaker in my family or who is a friend

to understand books, films or songs better

other (what?) _________________

4. Is there anything else you’d like to learn? (e.g. a language, a hobby or skill)

yes What would you like to learn? __________________________________ no

(Source: Ramsey, Gaynor. Plenty to say Essex: Longman, 1989, p. 40.)

b. Look at the list of the Faculties and majors in Maejo University Chiangmai Campus. Put all the majors into groups of the Faculties listed.

The Faculty The majors

Agricultural Business General Management Economics_________________________________ Plant Science _________________________________ Fisheries_________________________________ Biotechnology_________________________________ Food Technology_________________________________ Post harvest Technology_________________________________ Statistics_________________________________ Accounting_________________________________ Ecotourism_________________________________ Agricultural Economics_________________________________ Tourism Development_________________________________ Business Information Technology Marketing Cooperative EconomicsAgricultural Production Environmental Economics Soil Science_________________________________ Ag. Tech. Landscape Technology_________________________________ Animal Science_________________________________ Plant Science_________________________________ Agricultural Extension_________________________________ Agriculture_________________________________ Agricultural Engineering_________________________________ Food Science and Technology Mathematics Information TechnologyScience Computer Science Chemistry_________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Engineering and Agro-Industry

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

I am a student and I study at Maejo University in Chiang Mai. I’m a freshman majoring in English. I have taken many courses at the university. My favorite subject is English. I’m also interested in Communication Arts. I can speak, Thai, Japanese and Chinese. After graduating, I want to be a tour guide. I think it’s an interesting and well paid job.

Model Dialog: Track 78

c. Study the dialog below. Jim and Jane are talking about their education background.

Jim: Hi Jane, how are you? It’s very nice to see you again.Jane: Hi Jim, I’m fine. I’m so glad to meet you here. How’s your studying coming along? Where are you studying at?Jim: I’m studying at Maejo University, Chiang Mai.Jane: What faculty are you in?Jim: I’m in the faculty of Science.Jane: What’s your major?Jim: My major is Biotechnology.Jane: What year are you in?Jim: I’m a freshman.Jane: How do you like your school?Jim: It’s very enjoyable.Jane: What subject do you like most?Jim: English for Conversation.

Track 79

Language focus

1. Tenses: Present Simple, Present Continuous and Present Perfect.

Let’s take a look at the chart below showing the differences between Present Simple, Present Continuous and Present Perfect.

Present Simple Present Continuous

We use the Present Simple for things We use the Present Continuous tothat are true at any time. We use it for say that an action is in progressgeneral truth, or a fact: now, at the time we speak:Things fall to the ground because of Look! The leaves are falling from gravity. the trees. Listen! Ann’s playing theAnn doesn’t play the violin very well, piano; she’s playing something by but she plays the piano beautifully. Beethoven.

We use the Present Simple when we talk We use the Present Continuous to about a permanent situation, or an activity describe a current activity orthat is repeated again and again. We think situation that is unusual or tempo-that it will continue for an unlimited time: rary. We know it will continue for a limited period of time from What does Fred do? – Fred’s a journalist; now:he writes for a geographical magazine. Fred is writing four articles aboutI work for a company that makes Africa. He did two yesterday. He’llcomputers. We sell them all over the world. do the rest tomorrow. Mary usually studies in the library. I don’t usually work at the I stay with friends when I go on business weekends, but I’m working on trips to Japan. Saturdays at the moment. Mary’s studying at home. The library is shut. Sue and Martin are staying in a friend’s flat until they find a flat of their own.

We use the Present Simple with words like We can use the Present Continuousalways, usually, often etc. when we talk about with always to say that somethinghow often we do something: happens too often:Mary sometimes studies at home, but she Tom is always asking stupidusually works in the library. questions.

They’re always complaining.Present Perfect

1. We make the Present Perfect with have 4. We use the Present Perfect or has and a past participle (e.g. walked, to talk about situations ortaken): actions during a period

that started in the past, andI/you/we/they have/’ve started. has continued up to theHe/she/it has/’s started. present (e.g. today, this

month, this year, for We make negatives, questions, and short three weeks, since last Answers with have or has: year):You haven’t started. We’ve lived here for sixDiana hasn’t started. years.Have you started? – Yes, I have. (=from six years ago untilHas Diana started? – No, she hasn’t. now)

I’ve worked at CGE since 2. With regular verbs, we add –ed to form 1992.

the past participle (e.g. walked, started). (= from 1992 until now)But there are many verbs with irregular Jane has phoned me threePast participles (e.g. taken, chosen, sold, times this week. slept). We haven’t saved much

money this year.3. We use the Present Perfect to talk about Have you seen Neil

events in past time, but not about when (today)?they happened: 5. We can use Present PerfectSomebody has taken my bag. with ever, never, already, (Not” Somebody has taken it yesterday”.) and yet, like this:I have read her latest novel. Have you ever been insideWe use the Present Perfect in this way a submarine?when the past event is relevant now: I’ve never eaten horse Somebody has taken my bag. I can’t meat. find it. Chris has already sent herI’ve been to the dentist. My tooth a present.doesn’t hurt now. They haven’t finished their game yet. Note that we put ever,

never and already beforethe past participle, and yetat the end of the sentence.

(Source: Coe, Norman. Grammar Spectrum 3 Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1995.p. 10, 20).

2. Relative Clause

Relative clauses are dependent clauses that begin with words such as who, that and which that refer to people or things preceding them. They are also called adjective clauses because they act like adjectives. That is, they modify nouns.

Study this example:

The man who sits in front of me is very friendly.

Relative clause

A clause is a part of a sentence. A relative clause tells us which person or thing ( or what kind of person or thing) the speaker means:

The man who sits in front of me… (who sits in front of me tells us which man).

-When we are talking about people, we use who in a relative clause instead of he, she, they, and you.

The man – he sits in front of me – is very friendly.The man who sits in front of me is very friendly.

-When we are talking about people, we use that (not who) in a relative clause. We use that instead of it and they, them.

The dogs – they are beaten – are mine.The dogs that are beaten are mine.

-We can also use which for things (not for people).

The dogs – they are beaten – are mine.The dogs which are beaten are mine.

3. Participles in Reduced Relative Clauses.

Relative clauses may be reduced to participial phrases if the pronoun functions as the subject of the clause. Use the present participial phrase(Ving) when the original relative clause is in the active form and use the past participial phrase (V3) when the original relative clause is in the passive form.

Active (Ving) Passive (V3)

1. Anyone who looks for a beautiful 1. Products which are made and peaceful place should visit from snake skin are not Tao island. available for sale

anymore.Anyone looking for a beautiful andpeaceful place should visit Tao island. Products made from

snake skin are not2. Tom is a student who majors in English. available for sale

Tom is a student majoring in English. anymore.

2. There are many majors available for students

who are interested instudying at MaejoUniversity Chiangmai.

There are many majors available for students interested in studying at Maejo University Chiangmai.

3. Participles in Reduced Adverbial Clauses.

Some adverbial clauses (mostly adverbial clauses of time and reason) can be reduced to participial phrases if the subjects of both clauses are the same. Use the present participle phrase (Ving) if the original adverb clause is in the active form and use the past participle phrase (V3) if the original adverbial clause is in the passive form.

Active (Ving) Passive (V3)

1. When the firemen arrived at the 1. Because she was shocked by scene, they immediately extended the news, she suddenly the ladder to the third floor. fainted.

Arriving at the scene, they immediately Shocked by the news, sheextended the ladder to the third floor. suddenly fainted.

2. While I was lying on the lawn, I saw 2. When the girl was left alone a strange object in the sky. in the room, she began to think of her mother.Lying on the lawn, I saw a strange object in the sky. Left alone in the room, she

began to think of her mother.

Besides, the connectors when, while, after and before can also be retained in participial phrases.

-When arriving at the scene, the firemen immediately extended the ladder to the third floor.

-After graduating, I became a doctor.

-We stayed at the hotel for three days before returning to our house.

Exercises:

Exercise 1 Fill in each blank with an appropriate tense form.

Every third weekend of November, there (be) ______ a wonderful spectacular elephant show which (hold) ___________ since 1960 by the Tourism Authority of Thailand and the province’s local government. This show (attract) ___________ visitors from all over the world and it (become) __________ a great favorite with tourists. The show (start) _______ with many clever elephants parading. Then, they (fight) _________ against men. But the most attractive part of the show is “the elephant’s round-up” in which mahouts sitting on the tame elephants (steer)________to a wild one and (throw) __________ lasso to catch its back leg. Then, the wild elephant (rope tightly) ___________ and the show (finish) ________.

(Source: Thungsuk, Boonjira. Structure and Writing in English. Bangkok, Thammasat University Press, 1996, p. 59).

Exercise 2 The sentences in this exercise are not complete. Choose the most

appropriate ending from the list and make it into a relative clause.

He invented the telephone. It makes typewriters. She runs away from home. It gives you the meaning of words. They are never on time. It won the race. They stole my car. It can support life. They used to hang out on that wall. It was found last week.

1. Jerry works for a company that (or which) makes typewriters.

2. The book about a girl __________________________________________.

3. What was the name of the horse __________________________________?

4. The police have caught the men __________________________________.

5. Alexander Bell was the man _____________________________________.

6. Where are the pictures __________________________________________?

7. The police are still trying to identify the body _______________________.

8. A dictionary is a book __________________________________________.

9. I don’t like people _____________________________________________.

10. It seems that earth is the only planet _______________________________.

Exercise 3 Under line the adjective clauses in the following sentences and rewrite them into participial phrases.

1. Lying in the tent, we can hear the wind which is whispering softly through the trees.

______________________________________________________________

2. This hotel offers gracious hospitality which is unmatched anywhere in town.

______________________________________________________________

3. The main building of the Marble Temple was made of marble which was specially brought from Carrera in Italy.

_______________________________________________________________

4. It is recommended that you not bring luggage which weighs more than 20 kilos.

_______________________________________________________________

5. There are many places worth visiting for tourists who are interested in arts and culture.

_______________________________________________________________

Exercise 4 In the following story, some of the adverbial clauses can be reducedto participial phrases (with or without connectors). Find out where they are and rewrite them into participial phrases.

Track 80

One summer evening while I was sitting by the open window, I heard a loud cry of “Help! Help!”. It seemed to come from the tree at the end of the garden. When I looked out, I saw nothing clearly because it was too dark. Almost immediately, I heard the cry again. I could not imagine how anybody could need help in our garden; however, I decided to have a look. Before I went into the garden, I took the torch and picked up a long walking stick, thinking that it might come in handy. When I was armed with these, I went into the garden. Once again I heard the cry. “Who’s there?”,I called out while I walked, rather nervously, down the path. But there was no answer. After I examined the whole garden, I saw no sign of anybody so I went back to the house, still feeling rather puzzled.

(Source: Thungsuk, Boonjira et al. Structure and Writing in EnglishBangkok: Thammasat University Press, 1996, p. 84).

1. _______________________________________________________________

2. _______________________________________________________________

3. _______________________________________________________________

4. _______________________________________________________________

5. _______________________________________________________________

6. ______________________________________________________________

Activities

Activity 1: Complete the conversation below.

Sompong: Anchalee, _______________________________________?

Anchalee: _______________________ Maejo University Chiangmai.

Sompong: ________________________________________________?

Anchalee: I ________________________ the Faculty of Science.

Sompong: ________________________________________________?

Anchalee: My major is Information Technology.

Sompong: ________________________________________________?

Anchalee: __________________. This is my first year studying here.

Sompong: ________________________________________________?

Anchalee: It’s a lot of fun. Still, most of the subjects are very difficult.

Sompong: ________________________________________________?

Anchalee: Chemistry.

Activity 2: Complete the monologue below.

I ______ a university student. I __________ Maejo University Chiangmai. I ______

a __________ _________ in English. I _________ many courses at the university.

My __________ is English. I ______________ in business field. I ___________

French. ____________, I _______________ a receptionist. I think it’s ________

and ____________ job.

Activity 3 Role Play (work in groups of 3-4).

Situation: You all meet each other again at a reunion party. Make a conversation about your life and education. Then perform the role play in front of . the class.

Activity 4 Write your own monologue about your present education and previous education. Also, tell the occupation that you would liketo do at that job.

A. Talking about Jobs:

INTRODUCTION

a. Look at the bubbles and match them with the pictures on your left. Try to guess what they are doing.

1. Track 81 A. __________________

2. Track 82 B. _________________ .

I work in a resort… I stand at the entrance waiting to help guests with their luggage…Guests tip me

.

I work for a TV station… I spend most of the time in a studio… I read the news when the news program is on air… Sometimes I work till one or two in the morning.

3. Track 83 C. __________________

4. Track 84 D. _________________

I really like my job… I have always dreamed of being up there since I was a little girl… I am service-minded, so I decided to apply for this job… However, I always feel tired and jet-lagged when getting back home.

I work in other people’s houses… I clean up their rooms, cook them meals and take care of household jobs… People hire me when they have no time.

5. Track 85 E. _________________

6. Track 86 F. _______________

I work very hard… People always come to see me when they feel worried and tense… They talk about themselves and my job is listening to them… Some of them having severe mental illness will be admitted to an asylum where I work

Answer the following questions and try to develop a conversation:

- What are the jobs of the people in your family?- What kind of jobs do you want to do and why?

Model Dialog: Track 87

b. Study the dialog below.

Bob: Hi Lucy, How’re you doing? I haven’t seen you since we left school!

Lucy: I’m fine, thank you. I’m so glad to meet you again.

Bob: What do you do?

Lucy: I’m a tour guide.

Bob: Who do you work for?

Lucy: I work for the “World Travel”.

Bob: Really? Where do you work?

Lucy: Everywhere! I take people on tours.

Bob: That sounds very interesting.

Lucy: Yes, it’s a great job. I love it. And what do you do?

Bob: I’m a veterinarian.

Lucy: Oh! Where do you work?

Bob: In my own clinic for pets.

I travel very often… That is part of my work, dealing with international cooperation… I have to wake up early and check on my notebook whether there are any appointments.

Language Focus

1. Wh-Questions with “Do” and “Does”.

What Who do I, you, we, theyWhereWhen verb?Why does she, he, your brother,How Jack

WH-Questions about jobs.

What do you do? I’m a pilot.

What do they do? They are policemen.

What do we do? We are firefighters.

What does he do? He is a doctor.

What does she do? She is a dentist.

What does your brother do? My brother is an actor. (He is an actor).

Where do you work?

I work in a hospital.

Who do you work for?

I work for Ram Hospital.

How do you like your job?

I really enjoy it.

How long have you been doing this job?

I have been doing this job for two years.

What are your responsibilities?

I try to cure people’s illness.

What does she do? She is a flight attendant.

Where does she work? She works on the airplane.

Who does she work for? She works for Thai Airways International

How does she like her job? She loves it. It’s an interesting job

What are her responsibilities? She has to the passengers food and beverages on board.

3. Subject-Verb Agreement.

Choosing the correct form of the verb to be used in the sentence requires first whether a subject is singular or plural. If it is the third-person singular (he, she, it, Proper Noun). The verb used needs to be put –s or –es at the final end. On the other hand, you should use the base form of the verb for all persons (I, you, we, they). The examples are as follows:

I You workWeThey

for SiemensHeShe worksItProper Noun(i.e. John, Mary)

I work for Lufthansa.

You work for KLM.

He works for the government.

John works at his office.

3. The way of Adjective used in Describing a Person’s Character.

The following table shows some ways of describing a person’s character. Pay special attention to “Verb to Be” and “Verb to Have”.

He generous isShe independent

He generous nature has a/anShe independent character

His distinctive characteristic is independence.

Wrong Right

He has energetic. He is energetic.

He is an energetic personality. He has an energetic personality.

His distinctive characteristic His distinctive characteristicis independent. is independence.

4. Describing Abilities.

To be good at something = To be skillful at something

Are you good at typing? Yes, I am/ No, not really.

Is she good at speaking English? Yes, she is/ No, she isn’t.

Is he good with computers? Yes, he is/ No, he isn’t.

Subject = verb to be = good at =V(ing) / Noun

Can = be able to do something.

Can you type? Yes, I can/ No, I can’t.

Can she speak English? Yes, she can/ No, she can’t.

Can he use a computer? Yes, he can/ No, he can’t.

Exercises:

Exercise 1: What do these people do? Match the information.

Exercise 2: Make up questions for these answers.

Questions Answers 1. ______________________________? She’s a travel agent.

2. ______________________________? I’m a welder.

3. ______________________________? She works for KLM.

Job Titles Job Descriptions

1. a flight attendant2. a mechanic3. a teacher4. a chef5. a pilot6. an interpreter7. a nurse8. a barman9. an accountant10. a journalist11. a postman12. an architect13. a shopkeeper14. a nanny15. a gardener16. an undertaker17. a conductor18. a stuntman19. a plastic surgeon20. a dentist

a. performs dangerous acts in filmsb. collects bus fairsc. performs tooth extractionsd. arrange funeralse. improves peoples appearancesf. plants treesg. looks after kidsh. answers the phonei. teaches childrenj. prepares mealsk. looks after moneyl. writes for a newspaperm. translates thingsn. flies planeso. sells thingsp. serves passengersq. designs buildingsr. repairs carss. delivers letterst. serves drinks

4. ______________________________? They work in a hospital.

5. ______________________________? He’s been doing this job for a year.

6. ______________________________? I serve the customers food and drinks.

7. ______________________________? It’s an interesting job.

8. _____________________________? I work for Siemens.

9. _____________________________? They are tour guides.

Exercise 3: Complete the conversation below.

1. A: ________ do you work?

B: I ____________ MSN.

A: Oh, really? And _________________?

B: I am a webmaster.

A: ______________________?

B: She’s an operator at the Oriental Hotel.

A: _________________ her job?

B: She really ______ it. It’s a great job.

A: What _______________?

B: He’s a pilot.

A: Wow! _______________?

B: He works for Thai Airways International.

A: _____________________?

B: They _____________ The Daily News.

A: Oh, _______ do they _________?

B: _________________ journalists.

A: ___________________?

B: My brother is a newscaster.

A: ____________________?

B: He works at the Cable News Network.

A: Oh, it sounds _____________. __________________________?

B: For five years.

Exercise 4: Fill in each blank with one word to make the sentences grammatical. Choose a word from the given list.

creative confident service-minded selfish indecisive

1. The manager of our company has the ability to think up new and original ideas.

He ________ quite ______ __________ person.

2. Once the manager has made up his mind, it is impossible to get him to change his mind.

He ______ _______ rather _________ person.

3. A flight attendant always takes care of the passengers on board. She is always eager to help and service them whenever she can.

She _____ ______.

4. Some businessmen always take advantage of others. They are never willing to give but always take.

They ______ _______.

5. Although Jack is the boss, he always hesitates in making a decision. It is hard for him to decide for his company.

He ______ ___ _______________ nature.

Exercise 5: Write the sentences by using “to be good at” and “can”.

1. John/ a computer programmer/ operate a computer. a. John is a computer programmer. He is good at operating a computer. b. John is a computer programmer. He can operate a computer.

2. I/ an English instructor/ speak English. a. __________________________________________________________ b. __________________________________________________________

3. He/ a politician/ persuade people.

a. __________________________________________________________

b. __________________________________________________________

4. They/ tour guides/ communicate with people.

a. __________________________________________________________

b. __________________________________________________________

5. We/ football players/ play football.

a. __________________________________________________________

b. __________________________________________________________

Activities:

Activity 1 Work with a group. Look at the list with the 15 job opportunities and place them in the right box.

a. registered nurses

b. teachers, secondary school c. office managers

d. computer support specialists

e. repair persons

f. teachers, special education

g. computer engineers

h. restaurant and hotel managers

i. college and university professors

j. licensed practical nurses

k. financial managers

l. computer programmers

m. instructors and coaches, sportsand physical training

n. physical therapists

o. artists and commercial artists

Finance

Health Care

Computer Technology

Education

Would you like one of the jobs in the list? Why or why not? If yes, what kind of

Education, training or work experience would you need to get the job. Think

about these questions. Then ask and answer the questions with a partner.

(Source: Howard, Lori. Read all about it: Book 2 Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000. p. 87. Edited version by Dr.M. Reinke, Maejo University Chiangmai).

Activity 2 Role Play

Work in pairs. Write your own role play situation on talking about jobs. You have to use all patterns presented in Language Focus in your dialog. Then perform the role play in front of the class.

Track 88

Activity 3 Read this article about a jet pilot. Then complete the conversation.

Yvonne Sintes: First woman Ministry of Aviation air controller and first woman airline jet captain; 48, married. Yvonne has been a pilot for Dan Air for nearly 10 years; they were the first commercial company to train woman for the job and now employ four woman pilots. She wanted to fly since the age of eight, but had to be content with being a stewardess in her first job since no airline company would train a woman to fly. “It was understandable: it was just after the war and men thought that the women were competing with them and only in it for the glamour. Once they realized as a widow I had to earn a living it was different.” She thinks that now it is almost essential for woman, including married woman, to work if they want a decent house and feels that good nursery school provision would help.

Reporter: How long have you been a captain?

Travel and Hospitality

Nutrition and Fitness

Yvonne: For ten years now.

Reporter: And which __________________?

Yvonne: Dan Air.

Reporter: Are ________________________?

Yvonne: Not now. At first I was. But now there are four of us.

Reporter: When ______________________?

Yvonne: Ah, forty years ago, when I was eight!

Reporter: And what ___________________?

Yvonne: A stewardess. At that time, no airline would train a woman to fly.

Reporter: Why _______________________?

Yvonne: Well, it was just after the war. Men thought that woman were competing with them, and that they only wanted the job for the glamour.

Reporter: ______ did the airline you work for change its mind?

Yvonne: When they realized that I was a widow. I had to earn a living.

(Source: Davies, Evely, et al. Strategies for Reading. London: Heinemann, 1981. p 17).

Activity 4 Read the story below and answer the questions. Track 89

Seumas McSporran is a very busy man. He is 60 years old and he has thirteen jobs. He is a postman, a policeman, a fireman, a taxi driver, a school-bus driver, a boatman, an ambulance man, an accountant, a petrol attendant, a barman, and an undertaker. Also, he and his wife, Margaret, have a shop and a small hotel.

Seumas lives and works on the island of Gigha in the west of Scotland. Only 120 people live on Gigha but in summer 150 tourists come by boat every day. Every weekday Seumas gets up at 6.00 and makes breakfast for the hotel guests. At 8.00 he drives the island’s children to school. At 9.00 he collects the post from the boat and delivers it to all

the houses on the island. He also delivers the beer to the island’s only pub. Then he helps Margaret in the shop. He say’s: “ Margaret likes being busy, too. We never have holidays and we don’t like watching television. In the evenings Margaret makes supper and I do the accounts. At 10.00 we have a glass of wine and then we go to bed. Perhaps our life isn’t very exciting, but we like it.”

Questions:

1. Where does Seumas live?

_____________________________________________________________

2. How many jobs does he have? List them out.

_____________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

3. What does his wife do?

_____________________________________________________________

4. How many people live on Gigha?

_____________________________________________________________

5. What does Seumas do in the morning?

_____________________________________________________________