unit 7: development of georgia 1789-1840 georgia performance standards: ss8h5: the student will...
TRANSCRIPT
Unit 7: Development of Georgia
1789-1840Georgia Performance Standards:
SS8H5: The student will explain significant factors that affected the development of Georgia as part of the growth of the United States between 1789-1840.
Unit 7: Vocabulary Terms & Definitions
• University of Georgia: The 1st and oldest state supported university chartered in the USA.
• Baptist Church: Believed that each church should operate independently with its own ministers.
• Methodist Church: Created in Savannah, GA in 1736 by brothers John and Charles Wesley.
• Louisville: It became Georgia’s capital city in 1795.• Headright System: White males identified as the
“head” of their family were given up to 1,000 acres of land in Georgia.
Unit 7: Vocabulary Terms & Definitions
• Land Lottery: From 1805-1832, Georgia distributed land taken from the Creek and the Cherokee through a lottery process.
• Yazoo Land Fraud: In 1795, land companies bribed Georgia legislators to pass a law allowing them to buy large amounts of land for lower prices, and to be able to sell smaller portions of land to settlers for a higher price.
• Alexander McGillivray: Upper Creek Indian Chief, who tried to protect his tribe’s land from U.S. & Georgia’s government.
• Compact of 1802: Georgia gave up all of its land involved in the Yazoo Land Fraud to the U.S. government.
Today’s Warm-up
• What are three facts that you know about the University of Georgia?
Development of Georgia (1789-1840)Education
• 1784-The General Assembly set aside 20,000 acres of land and named trustees to establish a college in Georgia.
• 1785-The University of Georgia was chartered as a land grant university (a school for which the state government gave public land).
• UGA is the first and oldest state supported university chartered in the USA.
• The university has no religious affiliation.SS8H5a: Explain the establishment of UGA, Louisville, and the spread of Baptist & Methodist churches.
CRCT Practice Questions1. Which statement BEST describes a
“land grant university,” such as the University of Georgia?
A. The college was established as an agricultural college to improve farming.
B. The college was a public university with free tuition to state residents.
C. The land for the college was donated by the Georgia General Assembly.
D. The land could not be used for any purpose other than a college.
Development of Georgia (1789-1840)Religion
• Churches were an essential part of the community for meetings & social events.
• Both the Baptist and Methodist denominations became the two most practiced forms of Christianity in Georgia.
• The Baptist believed that each church should operate independently with its own ministers.
• The Methodists believed that congregations had connections to each other through districts. Therefore, Methodist ministers (circuit riders)would travel to and from different districts to preach on Sundays using a rotation schedule.
• 1736-Methodist religion was created in Savannah, GA by brothers John and Charles Wesley.
SS8H5a: Explain the establishment of UGA, Louisville, and the spread of Baptist & Methodist churches.
Development of Georgia (1789-1840)Religion
• These denominations became involved in higher education by establishing colleges:
1. The Methodists created Wesleyan College (1836) for girls and Emory University (1836) for boys. http://www.gpb.org/georgiastories/stories/wesleyan_female_college.
2. The Baptists created Mercer College (1833).SS8H5a: Explain the establishment of UGA, Louisville, and the spread of Baptist & Methodist churches.
CRCT Practice Question
2. By 1860, the two largest denominations of Christianity in Georgia were the _____.
A. Baptist & JewishB. Episcopal & CatholicC. Episcopal & MethodistD. Methodist & Baptist
3. Which church sent traveling ministers called circuit riders to and from different counties to preach monthly Sunday services?
A. BaptistB. CatholicC. EpiscopalD. Methodist
Development of Georgia (1789-1840)• 1795-1805, Georgia’s capital
city was moved to Louisville (present day Jefferson County).
• As population increased inland, the capital cities of Georgia were eventually moved to become more centrally located inside the state.
SS8H5a: Explain the establishment of UGA, Louisville, and the spread of Baptist & Methodist churches.
CRCT Practice Question
4. From the colonial era until Reconstruction, the capital of Georgia was moved many times in response to what factor?
A. Changing transportation patterns in the state.B. The changing geographic center of the state.C. The changing population of the state.D. Changing political influences in the state.
Development of Georgia (1789-1840)
• Land was valuable and in high demand.• Land east of the Oconee River that belonged
to the Native Americans was given to Georgians by means of the Headright System.
• The Headright System counted each white male as a “head” of a family.
• White males deemed the “head” of their family was given up to 1,000 acres of land.
SS8H5b: Evaluate the impact of land policies pursued by Georgia (Headright system, land lotteries, and the Yazoo Land Fraud).
CRCT Practice Question
5. What was the purpose of the headright system in Georgia?
A. It provided an organized system of collecting taxes.
B. It established a method of counting population.
C. It administered voting and election districts.D. It distributed Indian lands to new settlers.
Development of Georgia (1789-1840)
• When public domain land (lands owned by the state or federal government) were opened for settlement, Georgia surveyed land lots of different sizes.
• These land lots, which were located west of the Oconee River, were known as “lottery land.”
• For a fee, any white male 21 years of age or older could buy a chance and, on the spin of a wheel, win land.
• Heads of households with children, war veterans, and widows were given extra chances in the land lottery.
SS8H5b: Evaluate the impact of land policies pursued by Georgia (Headright system, land lotteries, and the Yazoo Land Fraud).
CRCT Practice Questions
6. What was the purpose of land lotteries in Georgia, during the early 1800s?
A. Open the land to yeoman farmers (white middle class males).
B. Encourage the development of large cities.
C. Introduce new crops and farming methods.
D. Ensure peaceful relations with Native Americans.
7. Which was NOT a requirement of the land lotteries in Georgia?
A. Only men could participate.
B. A person had to pay a fee to participate.
C. A person had to be over 18 to participate.
D. War veterans were given extra chances.
Development of Georgia (1789-1840)
• By 1795, Georgians hunger for land had peaked.
• Georgia’s western borders were to the Mississippi River and the Yazoo River (included in this territory were the present states of Alabama and Mississippi.
• In addition, both South Carolina and Spain claimed some of the same land…so this battle for land was taken to court for a settlement.
Yazoo Land Fraud Map
Development of Georgia (1789-1840)
• Before any settlement was made, four land companies approached Governor George Matthews and the members of the General Assembly, and bribed them to pass a bill allowing the land companies to buy up western lands.
• When the General Assembly enacted the bill into law, the land companies bought between 35 and 50 million acres of land for only $500,000 (1¢ per acre).
Development of Georgia (1789-1840)
• When the public found out what happened, this scandal was called the Yazoo Land Fraud.
• As a result, the guilty legislators of the General Assembly were voted out of office and the law allowing this land to be sold were repealed.
• People who bought land from the four land companies sued the state of Georgia, in order to keep their land.
• The federal government resolved this scandal by paying over $4 million to settle land claims.
Development of Georgia (1789-1840)
• In 1802, Georgia ceded (gave up) its land west of the Chattahoochee River to the federal government for $1.25 million.
• The Chattahoochee River became Georgia’s western boundary.
SS8H5b: Evaluate the impact of land policies pursued by Georgia (Headright system, land lotteries, and the Yazoo Land Fraud).
CRCT Practice Questions
8. What scandal took place when Georgia’s governor and some legislators were bribed to sell public land to private developers at below-market prices?
A. Trail of TearsB. Yazoo Land FraudC. General AssemblyD. Georgia’s land lottery
9. Why did Georgia give up land claims in what is now Alabama and Mississippi?
A. The federal government paid millions to settle the Yazoo Land Fraud and disputed Georgia’s right to the land.
B. The state could not claim the land because the General Assembly illegally sold it to private companies.
C. The state did not have the millions of dollars required to purchase the land from Spain.
D. The federal government wanted to set that land aside for the Indian population.
Warm-up
• Writing Prompt Topic-In a paragraph, please explain how inventions can improve the lives of people? What is an invention that has enhanced your life? Please explain how the invention has helped to make your life better.
Development of Georgia (1789-1840)Technological Developments
• In 1793, Eli Whitney invented the cotton gin.• This invention was a machine with wire teeth on a
turning cylinder, which separated the cotton from the seed.
• Cotton planters loved the cotton gin, because workers were able to separate about 50 lbs of cotton day (prior only 6-7 lbs a day).
• Eli earned nothing from his invention, because cotton planters stole his invention before it was patented (copyrighted/trademarked).
SS8H5d: Explain how technological developments, including the cotton gin and railroads had an impact on Georgia’s growth.
CRCT Practice Questions10. How did Eli Whitney’s invention
influence the growth of slavery in the South?
A. It made it easier for slaves to pick cotton.
B. It increased the profits from growing cotton.
C. It made it easier to produce cloth from cotton.
D. It replenished the soil so that more cotton could be grown.
11. The chief crop in Georgia before the Civil War was…
A. cotton.B. Apples.C. Pecans.D. Grapes.
12. The cotton gin was used to do what?A. Pick cotton.B. Plant cotton.C. Turn cotton fiber into thread.D. Separate the seeds from the
cotton fiber.
Development of Georgia (1789-1840)Technological Developments
• Steam engines used to power boats revolutionized how manufactured goods got to markets.
• The fastest way to move people and goods was by water from 1807 to the 1830s.
Development of Georgia (1789-1840) Technological Developments
• During the 1800s, a major economic development was the building of railroads.
• Prior to railroads, people traveled on horses, boats, or stagecoaches.
• Freight (goods shipped by boat) was sent to the market by steamboats, ferries, or wagon trains.SS8H5d: Explain how technological developments, including the cotton gin and railroads
had an impact on Georgia’s growth.
Development of Georgia (1789-1840) Technological Developments
• 1836-Most of the railroad tracks in Georgia belonged to the Western & Atlantic Railroad company. They ran from Chattanooga, TN to a town called Terminus (present-day Atlanta, GA).
• Railroads shortened travel time for both passengers and freight from days to simply hours. http://www.gpb.org/georgiastories/stories/railroads_economic_boomSS8H5d: Explain how technological developments, including the cotton gin and railroads
had an impact on Georgia’s growth.
CRCT Practice Questions13. Which mode of transportation was
developing in Georgia just before the Civil War, which was very important to Georgia’s war effort and post-war economic development?
A. CanalsB. RailroadsC. HighwaysD. Riverboats
14. Why was Atlanta at one time was called Terminus?A. majority of the railroads
went through the city.B. The railroad line ended
there at one time.C. No major railroad went
through the city.D. All the railroads ended
there.
15. Which railroad became the primary railroad in Georgia, during the 1830s?A. Baltimore & OhioB. Norfolk and WesternC. Western & AtlanticD. Chesapeake and Ohio
ReferencesBlankenship, G. and Wood, V. (2009). Georgia CRCT test prep: 8th grade
Georgia studies. Atlanta, GA: Clairmont Press, Inc.Klein, P. and Pascoe, C. (2005). Georgia: In the American experience. Evanston,
IL: McDougal Littell, Inc.London, B. B. (1999). Georgia: The history of an American state. Montgomery,
AL: Clairmont Press.