Unit 7: Creek & Cherokee Nations (1800-1840)

SS8H5d: Analyze the events that led to the removal of Creeks and Cherokees, include the roles of Alexander McGillivray,

William McIntosh, Sequoyah, John Ross, Dahlonega Gold Rush, Worcester v. Georgia, Andrew Jackson, John Marshall, and the

Trail of Tears.

The First FiveJanuary 0, 2015

Agenda Message: Welcome Back!!!Unit 7 Frayer Models = Due on January 16thWarm-up: What do you already know about the Cherokee & Creek cultures? How have their cultures influenced the state of Georgia?

Alexander McGillivray

• Chief Alexander McGillivray led the Creek Indian tribes in Georgia.

• In 1790, President George Washington & Chief McGillivray signed the Treaty of New York.

• In this treaty, the Creek Indians gave up all of their land east of the Oconee River (near Athens, GA).

• The U.S. government started removing Creek Indians off of their land in Georgia.

• Headright System and land lottery will be used to distribute land to white settlers.

William McIntosh

• As more and more of the Creek Indian land was given to the U.S. government, Creek tribes became separated from each other.

• There was little chance for the Creeks to talk and trade with each other.

• On February 12, 1825, Chief William McIntosh secretly sold the last of the Creek lands in Georgia to the U.S. government for $200,000.

• Groups of Creek Indians beat, stabbed, & scalped Chief McIntosh for secretly selling away the Creeks’ land to the USA.

Gold Rush in Georgia

• White settlers continued to move into northern Georgia, because of the attraction to:

1. Rich land2. Timber3. Other natural resources• In 1828, gold was found near Dahlonega, GA.• This caused a rush of people to arrive and

caused the Cherokee to be removed off their land. http://

app.discoveryeducation.com/player/view/assetGuid/90192F18-927E-44E3-B720-356505FDE5EE

Sequoyah

• I760-George Gist, also known as Sequoyah was born.

• He created the Cherokee alphabet or syllabary, which are symbols that stand for whole syllables.

• The Cherokee alphabet or syllabary has 86 symbols.

stop

The First FiveJanuary 12, 2015

Agenda Message: Unit 7 Frayer Models = Due Jan. 16th

Warm-up: It is 1830. The U.S. government has given your tribe a choice: move west to a reservation and keep your traditional way of life, or stay and adapt. Most of your tribal land has been sold or taken. The remaining land is isolated and not very good for farming. • Would you stay or would you leave? • How would your life change if you stayed in Georgia? • How would your life change if you moved west?

Worcester v. Georgia• On December 22, 1830, the General Assembly passed a law

stating that a white person could not live on Cherokee land without taking an oath of allegiance to the governor.

• 11 white people refused to sign the oath, including the Reverend Samuel Worcester (postmaster of the New Echota post office)

• The 11 people were jailed…chained together and made to walk from the North Georgia Mountains to Lawrenceville, GA.

• Then they were sentenced to serve 4 years at the state penitentiary in Milledgeville.

• Governor George Gilmer agreed to pardon any of them, who would sign the oath of allegiance…Only 2 of the prisoners refused to do so.

Worcester v. Georgia part 2

• Samuel Worcester and Elizur Butler took their case to the U.S. Supreme Court…Chief Justice John Marshall rendered his decision ordering Worcester and Butler set free (they won)!

• However, Georgia’s Governor Gilmer refused to accept the decision of the U.S. Supreme Court, and so did the next incoming governor (Governor Wilson Lumpkin).

• Worcester and Butler gave up.• Governor Lumpkin pardoned them and banned the two men out of

Georgia forever.• Governor Lumpkin took the Cherokee land in North Georgia and

divided up. • In 1832, Georgia held a land lottery and distributed Cherokee land

out to Georgia’s white males.

Video

http://app.discoveryeducation.com/player/view/assetGuid/63F14745-B509-4261-8138-3A12B1636449

Andrew Jackson• Elected president of the USA in

1828.• 1830-Indian Removal Act was

passed in Congress and $500,000 was set aside to enforce it.

• All Native Americans were moved to western land called reservations.

• Choctaws were removed 1st in 1831, then the Cherokees were last to be removed in 1838.

John Ross

• Principal chief of the Cherokee Indians.

• He tried to save Cherokee land from being taken by both the Georgia General Assembly and the U.S. government during the 1830s-1840s.

Trail of TearsAnuna-da-ut-sun’y

• In 1835, a Cherokee chief named Major Ridge signed the Treaty of New Echota with US President Andrew Jackson, but without the permission of Cherokee principal chief John Ross.

• This treaty gave up all Cherokee lands in Georgia in exchange for lands in Oklahoma and 5 million dollars.

• John Ross and other Cherokees thought the US government would protect Cherokee lands from white settlement because of the Worcester v. Georgia Supreme Court case.

Trail of TearsAnuna-da-ut-sun’y

• Instead, the US Army enforced the 1830 Indian Removal Act and in 1838 Cherokee homes and farms were burned.

• The Cherokee were rounded up in concentration camps and forced to migrate to Oklahoma.

• Major Ridge and others Cherokees who signed the Treaty of New Echota were soon executed in Oklahoma by supporters of Cherokee chief John Ross.

http://app.discoveryeducation.com/player/view/assetGuid/E55C2A3B-09B6-484B-A3E7-3C5D37A0C670

Trail of TearsAnuna-da-ut-sun’y

• Army General Winfield Scott and his soldiers were ordered to remove all (15,000+) Cherokee from their land in North Georgia.

• In 1838, the Cherokees were forced to walk 800 miles from New Echota (Calhoun, GA) to the new Indian Territory (Oklahoma).

• During this 3 months winter walk, many (4,000+) of the Cherokee and their animals died from starvation and from colds.

Trail of Tears Map

Video 3

• http://app.discoveryeducation.com/player/view/assetGuid/E55C2A3B-09B6-484B-A3E7-3C5D37A0C670

The First FiveJanuary 9, 2015

Agenda Message: Study for the Unit 7 Quiz on Friday• Turn in Unit 7 Frayer Models for a grade

Today’s Warm-up:

1. Which treaty required the Creek to give up all their land east of the Oconee River?

A. Treaty of Paris

B. Treaty of Ghent

C. Treaty of New York

D. Treaty of New Echota

Cherokee Phoenix

• The Cherokee Phoenix ( , ᏣᎳᎩ ᏧᎴᎯᏌᏅᎯTsalagi Tsulehisanvhi) was the first newspaper published by Native Americans in the United States and the first published in a Native American language.[1][2] The first issue was published in English and Cherokee on February 21, 1828, in New Echota, capital of the Cherokee Nation (present-day Georgia). The paper continued until 1834

Lighthorse (American Indian police)

Lighthorse (or Light Horse) was the name given by the Five Civilized Tribes of the United States to their mounted police force. The Lighthorse were generally organized into companies and assigned to different districts. Perhaps the most famous were the Cherokee Lighthorsemen which had their origins in Georgia. Although

Lighthorse (American Indian police)

• Although the mounted police were disbanded when the Five Civilized Tribes lost their tribal lands in the late 19th century, some tribes still use the Lighthorse name for elements of their police forces.

Compact of 1802

• The Georgia Compact of 1802 involved the Cherokee, the state of Georgia, and the Federal government. Who would control Indian lands? The struggle that ensued over the answer to that question set up the most violent social cataclysms of the 19th century.

Compact of 1802

• Georgia gave up its land involved in the Yazoo Land fraud case. Creating its current boundaries. In return the national government gave Georgia 1.2 million dollars and promised to remove all Native Americans from Georgia as soon as it should become practicable. The first land lotteries were held in 1805.

HOTS

2. What group of north Georgia Indians was forcibly removed from their land after gold was discovered there?A. CreekB. ChoctawC. SeminoleD. Cherokee

BINGO Board TermsJohn Ross Creek New Echota William

McIntoshAlexander McGillivray

Terminus Western & Atlantic Railroad

Andrew Jackson

Gold Rush Yazoo Land Fraud

University of Georgia

Eli Whitney Treaty of New York

Baptist Church

Headright System

Sequoyah Cotton Gin Worcester vs. Georgia

Methodist Church

Land Lottery

Cherokee Trail of Tears Major Ridge Louisville ReservationCherokee Phoenix

Light Horse Guard

Indian Removal Act

Treaty of New Echota

Compact of 1802

The First FiveJanuary , 2015

Agenda Message: Unit 7 Quiz Wednesday January 21st …STUDY!

References

Blankenship, G. and Wood, V. (2009). Georgia CRCT test prep: 8th grade Georgia studies. Atlanta, GA: Clairmont Press, Inc.

Klein, P. and Pascoe, C. (2005). Georgia: In the American experience. Evanston, IL: McDougal Littell, Inc.

London, B. B. (1999). Georgia: The history of an American state. Montgomery,AL: Clairmont Press.

Group WorkInstructions: Your group will read your assigned section and explain Who, What, When, Where & Why regarding the facts. Be prepared to share your main points with the class.Group 1: Georgia Cities, p. 220 & The Old South, p. 221Group 2: Planters, p. 222Group 3: Yeoman Farmers, pp. 222-223Group 4: Free African Americans & Daily Life, pp. 223Group 5: Enslaved Africans, pp. 224-225Group 6: Religion , p. 219 & Reform in Georgia, pp. 220

3-2-1 Responses

• Who were 3 groups of people who lived and worked on plantations during the antebellum period?

• What were 2 ways that Africans could earn their freedom during the antebellum period?

• Explain 1 rule or law that slaves had to follow during the antebellum period.

The First FiveJanuary 24, 2014

Agenda Message: No homework tonight

Today’s Warm-up: • Take the Unit 7 Quiz• Travel to the computer