unit 6 notes - leydenscience.orgleydenscience.org/pswp2/kmet/chapter 16.3.pdf · unit 6 notes...
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UNIT 6 NOTES
Chapter 16.3: States of Matter
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Solids, Liquids and Gases
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Atoms & Molecules Review
Atom Molecule
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Kinetic Theory of Matter
All matter is made up of particles that are in constant motion.High Temperature: Move very fast!
High EnergyLow Temperature: Move very slow!
Low Energy
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Matter and Temperature
The addition of energy will cause a change of stateThe Kinetic Theory of Matter – all particles making up matter are in motion and will increase in motion as energy is absorbed.
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Temperature?
The average energy of a materials molecules.100° water has molecules with a very high energy.0° Ice has molecules with low energy
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Stars and Sun 99% of Solar system
unknownunknownA gas like mixture of positive and negatively charged particles
PLASMA
Air, oxygenindefiniteindefiniteMaterials with particles that move randomly in straight lines
GAS
Water, Kool-Aiddefiniteindefinite
Materials with particles that can slide past one another
LIQUID
Candle, pencil, deskdefinitedefiniteMaterials with particles
close togetherSOLID
EXAMPLESVOLUMESHAPEDEFINITIONSTATE OFMATTER
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a. definite shapeb. definite volumec. variable shaped. variable volume
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Solid
Particles are close togetherKinetic energy is lowIceGoldwax
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Liquid
Particles are spread apartKinetic energy is “medium”WaterMercuryMelted wax
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Gas
Particles are spread far apartKinetic energy is “High”SteamWater vapor - cloudsoxygen
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Plasma
Gas made up of charged particlesSunFluorescent light
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Thermal Expansion
As matter gets hotter, it expandsAs matter cools down, it contracts
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Change of StateA state of matter is how the material currently exists
SolidLiquidGasPlasma
The conversion from one state of matter to another.
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iodineSolid to gasSublimation
Water boilingLiquid to gasBoiling or Vaporization
Water freezingLiquid to solidFreezing
Ice meltingSolid to liquidMelting
Shower doors and pop canGas to LiquidCondensation
Alcohol and waterLiquid to GasEvaporation
ExampleDescription of ChangeChange in State / Phase Change
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Melting PointThe amount of energy (Temperature) that is needed to change a material from a solid to a liquid
Boiling PointThe amount of energy (Temperature) that is needed to change a material from a liquid to a gas
Important Temperatures
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Liquid NitrogenSUBLIMATION
Liquid Nitrogen – Quicktime Movie