Unit 6 Unit 6 NomenclatureNomenclature

Unit 6 Unit 6 NomenclatureNomenclature

Chapter 8.3 & 9.2Chapter 8.3 & 9.2Unit Test: 12/9/08Unit Test: 12/9/08

Nomenclature• Naming system for chemical formulas• Makes communication more efficient

because names are specific to different groups of compounds (It is much each to read 10,000 as “ten thousand” than “one zero zero zero zero”)

Common Chemical Names

• Sodium chloride (NaCl) is table salt used in food, paper manufacturing, and detergents

• Potassium nitrate (KNO3) is saltpeter used in fertilizer, gunpowder, and food preservatives

• Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) is lye used in soaps and drain cleaner

• Sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) is baking soda used in food, cleaning products, and antacids

Common Chemical Names

• Acetic acid (CH3COOH) is vinegar used in food and photography development

• Magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) is epsom salt used in soil and medically (soak for aches , pains, cuts, etc.)

• Nitrous oxide (N2O) is laughing gas used as an anesthetic and to boost auto engine power

• Potassium bromide (KBr) is used to prevent epilepsy (seizures) in dogs

Common Chemical Names

• Hydrochloric acid (HCl) is one the components of our gastric (stomach) juices

• Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is used as a bleaching agent, emetic (induces vomiting), and an antiseptic (clean cuts and scrapes)

• Calcium carbonate (CaCO3) is found in rocks (limestone and marble), shells, chalk; primary cause of hard water

• Sodium fluoride (NaF) is an ingredient in toothpaste used for cavity prevention

Groups We Will Name:Binary SaltsTernary SaltsSalts with Multiple Oxidation NumbersBinary AcidsTernary AcidsCovalent Molecules

Binary Salts• Contains 2 elements: metal &

nonmetal• Naming:

– Name the metal– Drop the end of nonmetal and add “ide”

• Example: MgCl2 magnesium chloride

Binary Salts Practice• Name:

– NaCl– CaF2

– K2O

• Write formulas:– Lithium nitride– Aluminum iodide

Ternary Salts• Contains 3 elements: metals and

polyatomic ions• Naming:

– Name the metal– Name the polyatomic ion

• Example: Na2SO4 sodium sulfate

Ternary Salts Practice• Name:

– K3PO3

– CaCO3

– Al(NO3)3

• Write Formulas:– Barium hydroxide– Cesium chromate

Salts with Multiple Oxidation Numbers

• Includes binary and ternary salts• Naming:

– Name the metal– Put the roman numeral giving the oxidation # of the

metal in parentheses– Name the nonmetal, changing the ending to “ide” or

name the polyatomic ion

• Example:– FeCl2 Iron (II) chloride– FeCl3 Iron (III) chloride

Multiple Oxidation Numbers for Transition

Elements

Salts with Multiple Oxidation Numbers Practice

• Name:– Cu(NO2)2

– PbSO4

• Write Formulas:– Cobalt (III) hydroxide– Nickel (II) iodide– Chromium (II) phosphate

Binary Acids• Contains 2 elements: H & a

nonmetal• Naming:

– Begin with prefix “hydro”– Drop nonmetal ending and add “ic”– Add the word acid

• Example: HClhydrochloric acid

Binary Acids Practice• Name:

– HF– H2S

• Write formulas:– Hydroiodic acid– Hydrobromic acid– Hydrophosphoric acid

Ternary Acids• Contains 3 elements: H & a polyatomic

ion• Naming:

– Look at the polyatomic ions name• If the name ends in “ate”, change to “ic”• If the name ends in “ite”, change to “ous”

– Add the word acid

• Example: H2CO3 carbonic acid

Ternary Acids Practice• Name:

– H2SO4

– HNO2

– HClO3

• Write Formulas:– Phosphorous acid– Oxalic acid– Nitrous acid

Covalent Molecules

• Contains 2 nonmetals• Naming:

– Name the 1st element with prefix to indicate the # of atoms (only if more than one, never start with mono)

– Name the 2nd element• use prefix to indicate the number of atoms present• Drop the ending of the elements name and use “ide” ending

• Example: CO2 carbon dioxide

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

mono-

di- tri- tetra- penta-

hexa- hepta-

octa- non- deca-

Covalent Molecules Practice• Name:

– N2O5

– N2O– CS2

– SF6

• Write Formula:– Carbon monoxide– Dinitrogen trioxide– Oxygen dicloride