unit 6: cell biology
DESCRIPTION
Chapter 3.3: Cell Membranes. Unit 6: Cell Biology. Chapter 3: Cells. Section 3: Cell Membrane. Chapter 3: Cells. Section 2: Cell Organelles. Agenda for Today Do Now! Quick Review on Organelles Protein Production QUIZ! Cell Membrane. Chapter 3: Cells. Section 3: Cell Membranes. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Unit 6: Cell Biology
Chapter 3.3: Cell Membranes
Chapter 3: CellsSection 3: Cell Membrane
Chapter 3: CellsSection 2: Cell Organelles
Agenda for TodayDo Now!
Quick Review on OrganellesProtein Production
QUIZ!Cell Membrane
Chapter 3: CellsSection 3: Cell Membranes
Good Posters and Presentations!
The cat loved your posters!
Chapter 3: CellsSection 3: Cell Membrane
Do Now!Carolyn and Nouman are giving a presentation about cell organelles. To help the
students understand the function of organelles, they describe the cell by using the analogy that the cell is a factory.
Using the picture below, which part should Carolyn and Nouman describe as the generator (or powerplant) that powers the factory, and why?
Possible answers:• Organelle 1: this structure controls all activities of the cell. • Organelle 2: this structure packages and delivers proteins and lipids. • Organelle 3: this is where cellular respiration occurs. • Organelle 4: this is where photosynthesis occurs.
Chapter 3: CellsSection 2: Cell Organelles
• Cytoskeleton • “cyto” = “cell”• Supports organelles and gives the
cell structure.• 3 different components:
microtubules, intermediate filaments, & microfilaments.
• Found in Animals and Plants• Found only in Eukaryotes
Chapter 3: CellsSection 2: Cell Organelles
Chapter 3: CellsSection 2: Cell Organelles
The Cytoskeleton
Chapter 3: CellsSection 2: Cell Organelles
• Protein Production
• A number of organelles work together to make and deliver proteins.
• Nucleus -> Ribosome -> Rough ER -> Golgi Body -> Vesicle -> final destination.
• We will use an analogy to describe this process, so be patient.
Chapter 3: CellsSection 2: Cell Organelles
• Nucleus • “nucleus” = “kernel” (just like “karyon”)
• Stores and protects genetic material (DNA)
• Surrounded by a double membrane with many pores, called the nuclear envelope.
• Nucleolus is the site of ribosome assembly.
Chapter 3: CellsSection 2: Cell Organelles
Chapter 3: CellsSection 2: Cell Organelles
• Ribosome• “ribo” comes from RNA (ribonucleic
acid). “soma” = “body”
• Has 2 major parts, a large and a
small subunit.
• In-between the subunits is RNA
• Links amino acids together to form
proteins.
Chapter 3: CellsSection 2: Cell Organelles
Chapter 3: CellsSection 2: Cell Organelles
3-D View of Ribosome
Chapter 3: CellsSection 2: Cell Organelles
• Endoplasmic Reticulum
• “endo” = “inside”; “plasma” = “fluid”; “reticulum” = “net”
• 2 major sections: Rough and Smooth ER
• Rough ER is the site of protein synthesis
• Smooth ER is the site of lipid synthesis (fat, hormones, etc.)
• ER is an extension of the nuclear envelope
Chapter 3: CellsSection 2: Cell Organelles
Chapter 3: CellsSection 2: Cell Organelles
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Chapter 3: CellsSection 2: Cell Organelles
• Golgi Apparatus
• Named after Camillo Golgi, the Italian scientist who first identified it.
• Shaped like a stack of long flattened sacks.
• Packages and ships out/in proteins and other macromolecules.
• Creates vesicles and lysosomes.
Chapter 3: CellsSection 2: Cell Organelles
Chapter 3: CellsSection 2: Cell Organelles
Golgi Apparatus (bloop bloop)
1
2
3 4
5 5 5 5 5
6
7
8
Chapter 3: CellsSection 2: Cell Organelles
• Lysosome • “lyse” = “to break apart”; “soma” = “body”
• Digests worn-out organelles and other cell parts.
• Breaks down viruses, bacteria, and other foreign bodies.
• Full of digestive enzymes and acids.
Chapter 3: CellsSection 2: Cell Organelles
Chapter 3: CellsSection 2: Cell Organelles
Lysosome Production
Chapter 3: CellsSection 2: Cell Organelles
• Mitochondria • “mito” = “thread”; “chondros” = “granule”
• Site of cellular respiration
• The “powerhouse of the cell”
• Breaks down pyruvate(glucose) and makes ATP (cell energy).
Chapter 3: CellsSection 2: Cell Organelles
Chapter 3: CellsSection 2: Cell Organelles
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Chapter 3: CellsSection 2: Cell Organelles
• Chloroplast • “chloros” = “green; “plastis” = “one who forms”
• Site of photosynthesis.
• Converts light energy into chemical energy (glucose).
Chapter 3: CellsSection 2: Cell Organelles
Chapter 3: CellsSection 2: Cell Organelles
• Centriole • “kentros” = “center”; “ole” = “little”.
• Help organize microtubles.• Serves as an anchor for spindle
fibers (during mitosis).• Helps form cilia and flagella.• Always occur in pairs, called a
“centrosome”
Chapter 3: CellsSection 2: Cell Organelles
Chapter 3: CellsSection 2: Cell Organelles
• Vacuole • “Vacuus” = “empty” ; “-ole” = “small”
• Membrane bound• Stores water, food, and other
important molecules• Found in Animals and Plants
Chapter 3: CellsSection 2: Cell Organelles
• Vacuole • Found both in Animals and Plants• Smaller in Animals, only used for
storage.• Larger in plants, also used to
maintain turgor pressure and plant structure
Chapter 3: CellsSection 2: Cell Organelles
Chapter 3: CellsSection 2: Cell Organelles
• Cell Membrane
• “membrane” = “skin”• Found in all cells (eu, pro, animal,
plant)• Double layer of phospholipids• Hydrophobic between layers,
hydrophilic on outside.• Fluid (everything is in motion)• Semi-permeable• Has many proteins embedded in it.
Chapter 3: CellsSection 2: Cell Organelles
Chapter 3: CellsSection 2: Cell Organelles
• Cell Wall • Found only in Plants (Eukaryotes)• Made of cellulose• Provides structure for the plant
body.• Cell wall in prokaryotes in not the
same thing. (made of different stuff)
Chapter 3: CellsSection 2: Cell Organelles
Chapter 3: CellsSection 2: Cell Organelles
Journey in to a Cell