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UNIT 6Health problems, medical professors, lifestyles

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Reading: A cartoon strip, at the chemists,dentists an essay about exam stress

Listening: Note taking, intonation: conditional sentences

Grammar: Conditional type 0&1; must, mustn’t; need, needn’t; should, shouldn’t

Vocabulary: Illness, cures, medical professions,workplace, emergency services

Speaking: Talking about health problems,asking for medicine

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This use is similiar to, and can usually be replaced by, a time clause using 'when' (example: When I am late, my father takes me to school.)

If I am late, my father takes me to school.She doesn't worry if Jack stays out after school.

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Conditional 0 is formed by the use of the present simple in the if clause followed by a comma the present simple in the result clause. You can also put the result clause first without using a comma between the clauses.

If he comes to town, we have dinner.ORWe have dinner if he comes to town.

L o g oConditional 1

Often called the "real" conditional because it is used for real - or possible - situations. These situations take place if a certain condition is met.

If it rains, we will stay at home.He will arrive late unless he hurries up.Peter will buy a new car, if he gets his raise.

NOTE In the conditional 1 we often use unless which

means 'if ... not'. In other words, '...unless he hurries up.' could also be written, '...if he doesn't hurry up.'.

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Conditional 1 is formed by the use of the present

simple in the if clause followed by a comma will verb (base form) in the result clause. You can also put the result clause first without using a comma between the clauses.

If he finishes on time, we will go to the movies.ORWe will go to the movies if he finishes on time.

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Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tenses.

1 If I see him I (give) him a lift.2 The table will collapse if you (stand) on it.3 If he (eat) all that he will be ill.4 If I find your passport I (telephone) you at once.5 The police (arrest) him if they catch him.6 If he (read) in bad light he will ruin his eyes.7 Someone (steal) your car if you leave it unlocked.8 What will happen if my parachute (not open)?9 If he (wash) my car I'll give him Ј10.10 If she (need) a radio she can borrow mine.11 If you (not go) away I'll send for the police.12 I'll be very angry if he (make) any more mistakes.13 If he (be) late we'll go without him.14 She will be absolutely furious if she (hear) about this.15 If you put on the kettle I (make) the tea.16 If you give my dog a bone he (bury) it at once.17 If we leave the car here it (not be) in anybody's way.18 He'll be late for the train if he (not start) at once.19 If you come late they (not let) you in.20 If he (go) on telling lies nobody will believe a word he says.21 Unless he (sell) more he won't get much commission.22 If I lend you Ј10 when you (repay) me?23 We'll have to move upstairs if the river (rise) any higher.24 If he (work) hard today can he have a holiday tomorrow?25 Ice (turn) to water if you heat it.26 If the house (burn) down we can claim compensation.27 If you (not like) this one I'll bring you another.28 Unless you are more careful you (have) an accident.29 Tell him to ring me up if you (see) him.30 If I tell you a secret, you (promise) not to tell it to anyone else?31 If you (not believe) what I say, ask your mother.32 If he (like) the house will he buy it?33 If you will kindly sit down I (make) enquiries for you.34 Unless I have a quiet room I (not be able) to do anywork.35 She won't open the door unless she (know) who it is.36 Should you require anything else please (ring) the bell for the attendant.

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Can Ability to do sth. in the present (substitute form: to be able to)

- I can speak English. Permission to do sth in the present (substitute form: to be allowed to) - Can I go to the cinema? Request - Can you wait a moment, please? Offer - I can lend you my car till tomorrow. Suggestion - Can we visit Grandma at the weekend? Possibility - It can get very hot in Arizona.

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Could

- Ability to do sth. in the past (substitute form: to be able to)

I could speak English. - Permission to do sth. in the past (substitute form: to be allowed to)

I could go to the cinema. - Polite question Could I go to the cinema, please? - Polite request

Could you wait a moment, please?

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Could

- Polite offer I could lend you my car till tomorrow. - Polite suggestion Could we visit Grandma at the weekend? - Possibility It could get very hot in Montana.

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May Possibility

It may rain today. Permission to do sth. in the present (substitute form: to be allowed to)

May I go to the cinema? Polite suggestion

May I help you?

MightPossibility (less possible than may)

It might rain today. Hesitant offer

Might I help you?

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Must

- force, necessity I must go to the supermarket today.

- possibility You must be tired. - advice, recommendation You must see the new film with Brad Pitt.

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must not/may not

prohibition You mustn't work on dad's computer.You may not work on dad's computer.

Need not

not necessary I needn't go to the supermarket, we're going to the restaurant tonight.

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ought to

Use Examples advice You ought to drive carefully in bad weather. obligation You ought to switch off the light when you leave the room.Shall - instead of will in the 1st person

suggestion Shall I carry your bag?.

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should

advice You should drive carefully in bad weather. obligation You should switch off the light when you leave the room.

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will

wish, request, demand, order (less polite than would)

Will you please shut the door? prediction, assumption –

I think it will rain on Friday. promise - I will stop smoking. spontaneous decision - Can somebody drive me to the station? - I will. habits - She's strange, she'll sit for hours without talking.

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Would

- wish, request (more polite than will)Would you shut the door, please?

- habits in the past Sometimes he would bring me some flowers.

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1. ability to do sth. in the past (substitute form: to be able to) I could speak English. permission to do sth. in the past (substitute form: to be allowed to) I could go to the cinema. polite question * Could I go to the cinema, please? polite request * Could you wait a moment, please? polite offer * I could lend you my car till tomorrow. polite suggestion * Could we visit Grandma at the weekend? possibility * It could get very hot in Montana.

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Use Examples ability to do sth. in the past (substitute form: to be able to) I could speak English. permission to do sth. in the past (substitute form: to be allowed to) I could go to the cinema. polite question * Could I go to the cinema, please? polite request * Could you wait a moment, please? polite offer * I could lend you my car till tomorrow. polite suggestion * Could we visit Grandma at the weekend? possibility * It could get very hot in Montana.

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Thank You !