UNIT 5.4 Antebellum Events leading to the Civil War Antebellum the period before the war Sectionalism The industrial Northeast The agricultural Northwest (todays Midwest) The South The West What areas were most of the immigrants going? What type of transportation systems did each area have? How was the North becoming united? Not that antebellum 1848 to 1850 With California growing so quickly with the gold rush, it was quickly ready for statehood. Why did the U.S. government want to make sure that it joined the nation? Were most of the 49ers in support of slavery? 1848 Election Whigs get Zachary Taylor (war hero) elected In 1850, the attitude of most northerners on slavery was that they just did not want to see it spread to new territories (think Wilmot Proviso). Compromise of 1850 The Old Guard Henry Clay (Ken) Great Compromiser John C. Calhoun (SC) Southern leader Daniel Webster (Mass) New England leader (all would die w/in 2 years) The Young Guns Stephen Douglas (IL) New Compromiser Jefferson Davis (MISS) Southern leader William Seward(NY) Antislavery leader Clay is not able to get a compromise. President Taylor may veto even if it passes. Douglas splits up bill and logrolls it. Taylor Dies. Main parts to know: 1. California Free State 2. Fugitive Slave Act 3. No slave trade in D.C. calm period The Presidents of the 1850s Zachary Taylor (Whig) dies and Millard Fillmore (#13) takes over, but it not very influential Election Dem Franklin Pierce Whig Winfield Scott Free-Soil John Hale Pierce (#14)would win, but be considered a weak leader Election Dem James Buchanan Rep John Fremont 1 st election of Reps Know-Nothing Fillmore Anti-immigrant party Fillmore, Pierce, and Buchanan are consider some of the worst Presidents ever. Is that fair? The most important political figure in the 1850s would Stephen Douglas (the little giant) The game-changer in U.S. History 1854 The Kansas Nebraska Act Stephen Douglas pushed through. Transcontinental Railroad route would be moved north (remember Gadsden Purchase? Doesnt matter now.) Kansas and Nebraska Territories would vote (Popular Sovereignty) whether to be slave or free. Basically ended Missouri Compromise Many northern Democrats upset leave and form Republican Party Results of the Kansas-Nebraska Act Bleeding Kansas Both pro and anti slavery groups came to Kansas Beecher Bibles Emigrate Aid Society Lecompton Constitution Pro-slavery constitution Border Ruffians Pottawatomie Massacre led by John Brown (5 killed) Revote later made it a Free State -Creation of Republican Party Sumner Brooks Incident (1856) Sen. Andrew Butler Rep. Preston Brooks Sen. Charles Sumner Late 1850s Events Panic of 1857 What happened in North? South? Dred Scott v. Sandford Justice Roger Taney What was the ruling? What was the effect? 1858 Illinois Senate debates Stephen Douglas vs. Abraham Lincoln Freeport Doctrine Douglas backed up his idea of Popular Sovereignty Douglas wins this election, but ruined chances for President in 1860 Harpers Ferry Raid 1859 John Brown martyr 1860 Election 4 candidates Dem (S)- John Breckinridge -red Dem (N)- Stephen Douglas - orange Rep Abraham Lincoln - blue Union John Bell - green Who won the southern states? Who won the northern states? Who won the border states? Who was the most national candidate as he was 2 nd place in most places? Note colors not the same as map Secession After Lincoln was elected (but before inaugurated), 7 states seceded from the United States: SC, Mississippi, FL, Alabama, GA, Louisiana, Texas Capital was made originally was: Montgomery, AL President elected: Jefferson Davis Later four more states would join: Virginia, Arkansas, Tenn, NC Capital was then moved to: Richmond What country looked like they had a more qualified President the USA or the CSA? Why are there 13 stars on the CSA flag if there were only 11 states? Border States: Slave States that did not join CSA Missouri Kentucky Maryland Delaware **West Virginia If slavery isnt the issue as your elementary teacher told you, then why didnt they leave too? So, what is the reason? Bonnie Blue Flag Stars and Bars The Final Months before Ft. Sumter Crittenden Compromise : Sen. Crittenden of Kentucky tried one last ditch effort of compromise the union back together, but it failed. What did (lame-duck) President Buchanan do from November, 1860 till Lincoln took office in March, 1861? Lincolns First Inaugural Address Preserve the Union He asserted that as he had just taken an oath "to preserve, protect, and defend the United States Constitution." Closing: "We are not enemies, but friends. We must not be enemies. Though passion may have strained it must not break our bonds of affection. The mystic chords of memory, stretching from every battlefield and patriot grave to every living heart and hearthstone all over this broad land, will yet swell the chorus of the Union, when again touched, as surely they will be, by the better angels of our nature." Historical factors leading to Secession Idea American Revolution Articles of Confederation Virginia / Kentucky Resolutions (nullification idea) Essex Junto / Hartford Convention 1832 Tariff Crisis/nullification Links Harpers Ferry / John Brown Antebellum South fine homes feature=relmfu review sectionalismfeature=relmfu&feature=relmfu review K&N act&feature=relmfu Reflection Questions The Compromise of 1850 delayed the Civil War. What changes in the next 10 years would benefit the north? How was the Kansas-Nebraska Act such a critical point in U.S. History? Do Presidents Fillmore, Pierce, and Buchanan deserve to be labeled as some of the worst Presidents ever? How are the Compromise of 1850, Kansas-Nebraska Act, and Dred Scott decision similar?